BARBELITH underground
 

Subcultural engagement for the 21st Century...
Barbelith is a new kind of community (find out more)...
You can login or register.


Attack of the Clones

 
  

Page: 1234(5)678

 
 
some guy
19:35 / 17.05.02
I don't mean to single out Flux, but he's mentioning several things that people seem to harp on for no very good reason. And so"

"I hate sand. It's irritating. NOT LIKE YOU."

Actually, he says "not like HERE" and the proceeds to talk about Naboo for a bit. So in context it's not really too stupid.

"I just feel bad for Natalie Portman, her character is so flat and dull, she has no choice but to act stiff and generally lack charisma entirely."

She was a queen at 14 and a senator at 24. She's lived a rarified life of refinement with the weight of a world's fortune on her head when her friends were all playing with Barbies. She's SUPPOSED to be stiff! In Attack of the Clones she lightens up considerably when she's in the position to (e.g. away from everyone she works with). She's got reams of character as far as I can see. It's her idea to be bait to trap the assassin, she's the one who frees herself while the Jedi are chainged, she's the one who decides to recklessly rescue Obi-Wan.

"Was there any good reason for shoehorning Jar Jar Binks into the film"

There needs to be a character easily manipulated by Palpatine into making the offer for emergency power so that Palps can commission a clone army officially. No other character fills that role. In this sense AOTC actually works as a defense for Jar Jar being in the first one as well!

"the Watto character, this time making the anti-semitism behind that character more blatantly obvious"

It's funny to me that of the detractors who claim the aliens are all racist stereotypes, nobody can actually agree what they are stereotypes of. For every "Watto is an anti-semetic reference" there is "Watto is obviously an Arab stereotype," for every "Jar Jar is a minstrel" there's a "Jar Jar is gay." Which makes me suspect the stereotyping isn't being done by Lucas at all, but rather the viewer. For the record, Watto's hat is an in-joke to the prop used in the first film to get eyelines worked out, and the facial hair looks nothing like a Hassidic Jew's, who don't normally have stubble. Even the Nemoidian thing - "they're stereotypes of Asians." Oh? How, exactly? What makes them more stereotypical - a similar-sounding accent (which is a stupid argument as "Asian" accents vary depending on where the speaker is from) or the fact their entire culture is based on trade backed by might (in which case they're "obviously" stereotypes of Americans).

"the clone/droids/Dooku plot was too confusing"

There's an imbecilic article on Salon about this, and how even The Phantom Menace was too complicated. Is everyone on drugs? Has MTV debilitated the attention spans of that many people? These are children's films that are easily understood by paying attention the first time.

"the scheme also seemed to deliberately force Anakin and Amidala together"

I think they were genuinely trying to kill Amidala as she was a serious threat to Palpatine's clone army plan. They also needed the Trade Federation to join Dooku to make the separatist threat credible, and Nute Gunray would only agree on the condition that Amidala's head was delivered to him. Palpatine also doesn't seem to know the details of what's happening on Geonosis, so it's quite likely Anakin and Amidala could have been killed there with him never knowing. If the plan is to get them together, they were probably easier ways!

I'm also stunned by people complaining that C-3PO was funny, having just watched Empire about 20 minutes ago. His sole role in the original trilogy was (not-so-funny) comic relief!
 
 
Captain Zoom
21:56 / 17.05.02
I forgot to mention that I absolutely adored the Jedi Training school sequence with Yoda, Obi-Wan and all those little kids. Man, that coulda been my son.

"How embarassing. How embarassing." There's some fantastic dialogue for you.

Zoom.
 
 
ill tonic
00:34 / 18.05.02
"yes, it is rubbish but, let's face it, you are going to see it aren't you?"

Yes.

And it was crap. Although better crap then episode one.

About the only thing I did like were C3P0's one liners.

"I can't move my legs. I think I need maintenance."

I could go on and on about why it sucked but you have all pretty much covered that -- my main quibble is the pacing of the fight sences -- George should have gone the route he took with Empire & Jedi and farmed this film out to somebody who can actually direct. Somebody who knows how to raise our adrenaline levels, can build suspense etc.

The cgi was better then the first, stunning actually, except when it involved falling jedi's which looked like bad wire-fu,(what the hell was up with that falling motif anyways?), or the close-ups in the fight scenes that (I think) Zoom talked about.

Not an original bone in its body. Just more regurgitated pap thats going to make oodles and oodles for Lucas ...

(heh, heh)

I hope he dies before he can make the third one. Or better yet, lets just kill him now.

(Hmmmm, what an interesting idea for a sigil ....)
 
 
Sandfarmer
04:34 / 18.05.02
I too loved the Yoda training scene. It had that Don Juan Matus whimsy to it that Yoda had in Empire Strikes Back. It was really nice and you could feel that "Star Wars magic" working.

I'm dying to see it again. Its just a fun adventure movie and unlike the Mummy or your other summer adventure flicks, I actually cared what happened to the characters and really did not predict the ending.
I think earlier in this thread (several days ago) I wished for "twists". It had plenty. I was not expecting Jango Fett to be slaughtered like that. I also did not expect to see Anakin actually behead those SandPeople. I figured it would cut away first like in the trailer.
 
 
Seth
09:11 / 18.05.02
Hugely enjoyable shite
 
 
Seth
09:13 / 18.05.02
...but I'm not sure if the scene where Annakin has a wank while fantasising about his tormented mother should have been left in the finished movie. Y'know - think of the kids...
 
 
Matthew Fluxington
04:30 / 19.05.02
I really hope that the Negasonic Teenage Warhead is an employee of Lucasfilm or a related company, because to be that much of a Lucas apologist, I would hope that they would at least get a paycheck and benefits.

Hey! I've got a question!

If Padme Amidala is such a pacifist, why does she still have the hots for Anakin after he confesses to slaughtering all of the Tusken Raider women and children? Does this girl have any convinctions, or does she really just value cute young Jedi bad boys over moral principle? Or is this just part of her "reams of character"?
 
 
Rev. Wright
11:03 / 19.05.02
This may alreday exist on this thread, but hey ho!
 
 
Traz
12:53 / 19.05.02
Here's my review; minor spoilers and all. If I sound like I'm echoing a few people who've already posted, remind yourself that outright theft is the sincerest form of flattery.

Top Ten Complaints:

10. The racist stereotypes. Yeah, they were annoying. No, it's not worth throwing a fit over.

9. Christopher Lee. Sure, he can act circles around Ray Parks, but the role of a Sith apprentice was better filled by a barely-restrained psychopath, not a genteel con artist. Yes, there were many more lightsaber battles than in "The Phantom Menace," but Qui-gon and Obi-wan's duel with Darth Maul was simply better choreographed than Dooku's showdown with Obi-wan, Anakin and Yoda. Less CGI, more martial arts, please.

8. Multiple identities. Okay, everyone knows that Chancellor Palpatine and Darth Sidious are one and the same, and it shouldn't be hard to figure out who placed that order for the clone army. ("Gee, I wonder who Master Sido-Dyas will turn out to be? His name sounds vaguely familiar...") But why was Christopher Lee given two names? Everyone already knows Count Dooku is evil; what difference does it make if they don't know his other name, Darth Tyrannus? I don't get it.

7. Tatooine. I'm sick to death of Tatooine; the planet's popped up in four of the five films so far. The only reason it was included in this film at all was to introduce Uncle Owen and Aunt Beru, two minor character in "A New Hope." If Lucas had known what the hell he was doing when he sat down to script out Episode One, he would have included them there. Shmi Skywalker could have been sold to someone on another planet that we haven't seen over and over. "Die someplace interesting" is my motto.

6. Padmé Amidala's character. I was seriously disappointed that she didn't at least have some sort of anger over Anakin's slaughtering of women and children. She should have slapped the shit out of Anakin at least once, just to remind him of his place.

5. Obi-wan's character. He wasn't so much suave as overbearing. If I were Anakin, I'd have been a tad pissed off, too.

4. Anakin's character. The sulking was too much. Plus, Lucas spent way, way, way too much time trying to remind us that this guy was going to grow up to be Darth Vader. I doubt Adolph Hitler was that arrogant as a teenager. (We wouldn't need these reminders at all if Lucas hadn't tried so hard to make us see how cute Anakin was a tyke. I still can't believe he nicknamed him "Annie.")

3. The endlessly-repeated nonsense about how everyone senses that Anakin will bring balance to the Force and become the most talented Jedi ever. First of all, I fail to understand what aspects of the Force are in need of any balancing. Second, we've already seen how Anakin turns out: he never even advances far enough learn how to throw lightning bolts, to my recollection. So this flat-out violates the Star Wars canon, which says that Vader was just another Jedi with slightly above average skills. Lastly, it's just an annoying excuse to give Anakin a chance to grandstand.

2. The acting. Everyone was either wooden or stilted.

1. The dialogue. Yes, there were a few moments of witty banter, here and there, but the few great comebacks were lost among the cheap puns. And Hallmark Cards wouldn't stoop to use some of those cornball avowals of love.

Top Eight Raves:

8. The title. The title, in retrospect, is absolutely perfect. Not only is it in keeping with the campy origins of the series, it actually provided a bit of a twist to anyone who didn't realize whose side the clones were actually on.

7. This movie actually advanced the storyline of the series. None of the events in "The Phantom Menace" had any real effect on the metaplot, except to bring Palpatine to power.

6. Less Jar Jar, no Jake Lloyd, no Boss Nast. (Baby Boba was nowhere near as annoying as any of those guys and was given minimal screen time.)

5. Lucas screwed up the Star Wars canon by inventing the midichlorians; to his credit, he recovers from that fumble by not menioning them in this flick. Instead, he ruins the mystique of the bounty hunter beneath the Mandalorian armor by showing his face. (Odd how several of these raves sound like complaints.)

4. The scenery and sets were, admittedly, damned pretty. Naboo was gorgeous, and the Jedi Acadmy was eye-opening, too. Dex's "Roaring Fifties" diner on Coruscant was a bit much, though.

3. The CGI beasties. Farily impressive.

2. Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen and Ewan McGregor. Okay, this wasn't the best acting of their careers. Still, when any of these three actually smiled at the camera, I couldn't help reciprocating. They've all got charisma; it's a shame they didn't use it more.

1. The action sequences. The lightsaber duels, spaceship chases, and full military battles outweigh just about all of my complaints; they made an otherwise lousy film into something moderately entertaining.

Final summary: Despite that I have more complaints than raves, I'd still give "Attack of the Clones" two and a half stars out of four.
 
 
some guy
13:53 / 19.05.02
Flux wrote:

"I really hope that the Negasonic Teenage Warhead is an employee of Lucasfilm or a related company, because to be that much of a Lucas apologist, I would hope that they would at least get a paycheck and benefits."

Hah! I suppose that's easier than actually debating my points. For what it's worth I think the Star Wars films are filled with crap moments and things to pick apart. I just think the things people choose to bitch about are the wrong things.

"If Padme Amidala is such a pacifist, why does she still have the hots for Anakin after he confesses to slaughtering all of the Tusken Raider women and children?"

Gee, none of us have ever been stupid in love before! No otherwise strong woman has ever been attracted to the "bad boy" she thinks she can fix.

So are you really going to throw the racism bomb and then flee the scene, or are you going to intelligently debate it? Where's the evidence? Which characters are racist portrayals, of whom and why?

Traz wrote:

"Anakin's character. The sulking was too much."

Isn't he supposed to be a teenager in this movie? Acted like one to me.

"The endlessly-repeated nonsense about how everyone senses that Anakin will bring balance to the Force and become the most talented Jedi ever. First of all, I fail to understand what aspects of the Force are in need of any balancing"

My reading is that the Force is out of whack because Palpatine is growing more powerful in the dark side than the other Jedi is on their side. Yoda and Sam Jackson (there's that racist George Lucas for you, making a black man the most powerful human Jedi council member) state in Clones that their powers are weakening, while Sidious' are growing. Something will happen in Episode III to drive Yoda into hiding, destroy the rest of the Jedi and convert Vader to the dark side. The Force is totally out of balance at that point. It's Vader in Return of the Jedi who kills the Emperor and wins the real victory for the rebellion, thereby bringing balance to the Force. It's crap kids' stuff, sure, but there you go.

As for Anakin being the most powerful Jedi ever, well that's obviously just not true. Anakin says it himself, which is typical teen bravado, and Palpatine says it because he's trying to play into that to lure Anakin over.
 
 
Matthew Fluxington
14:54 / 19.05.02
So are you really going to throw the racism bomb and then flee the scene, or are you going to intelligently debate it? Where's the evidence? Which characters are racist portrayals, of whom and why?

I can't debate it with you, yr too much of a Lucas apologist to see anything it as anything other than "harmless fun". Yes, these are space monsters, but they are made to look, sound, and act in ways that evokes real world stereotypes. Watto is a gross caricature of a Hasidic shop owner. There's just no way around that. The Neimodians (the green guys with the big red eyes) are terrible caricatures of Japanese businessmen. You'd have to be willfully avoiding the obvious to not to see and hear it.

I never really thought of Jar Jar Binks being racist or anything like that, though. That character is just flat-out annoying and pointless, I don't care if he sold out the galaxy. They didn't need that CGI nightmare to it, they could've had Jimmy Smitts do it or something.

I don't buy yr explanation of why Amidala would not be fazed by Anakin's genocidal tendencies, particularly in light of his love of fascism and his obsessive and frankly terrifying love for her. It is obvious why Anakin loves Amidala, it makes very little sense that she would feel the same way. In every scene they share, Anakin either acts like a whining little brat, a delusional egomaniac, a demented stalker, a fascist, and a person with no regard for the lives of anyone but the people he likes. It's hard to imagine what she may see in him - I'd buy the 'girls dig bad guys' thing if they made some effort to establish that, but they didn't. Amidala is passive and weak, and fighting in a big giant battle does not change that, no matter what the "tit/claw" crowd might think. Simply being a warrior does not make one a "strong female character".
 
 
Cherry Bomb
17:52 / 19.05.02
Anakin and Amidala: I know, it doesn't make any sense at all to me that in just a few scenes after he confesses that he killed all of the women and the children Tusken Raiders, she's telling him that she "truly, deeply loves him." I kind of liked the uberhokiness of their romance, though; like they head off to Naboo for Anakin to "guard" her and in their first scene there it looks like they're at some Tuscan Villa and she's wearing some gauzy backless number. I loved the two of them out in the sunny field with the waterfall in the background. Fantastic.


Overall though I really liked it. I had no expectations, probably because I was so disappointed with "Episode I," and you can only go up from there.

I loved the interaction between Obi Wan and Anakin. Thought that the fact that the two of them were at each other's throats and every time Anakin said "Yes master" he was practically gritting his teeth was nice foreshadowing. I think Ewan did much better this time as Obi Wan, as well. In the last one, I felt too much like he was trying to imitate Alec Guiness; in this one, he was more trying to be the character (which strangely made his performance more similar to Alec Guiness').

Thought Samuel L. Jackson did a great job.

Don't know what I thought about Anakin's constant glowering into the camera. They were pretty laughable. But I highly enjoyed the use of the Darth Vader theme music in the background as he talked about killing all those people.

I thought the movie looked great - the clone army growing area looked super cool. The opening chase was great. It was a very enjoyable movie just to look at; which brought back some of the fun of seeing those movies in the theatre when I was a kid. (Cuz you know I remember seeing Star Wars in the theater back when I was 5 and it had first come out!)

Jar Jar - bleh. At least his screen time was pretty minimal.

And yes - Yoda rocked. *I* wanna go to Jedi-school and have Yoda as my teacher and find lost planets! The Yoda battle scene may be my favorite in the movie, for a variety of reasons.

So overall, thumbs up!
 
 
some guy
18:14 / 19.05.02
"I can't debate it with you, yr too much of a Lucas apologist"

I'm sure you're lovely in real life, but this is the most inane thing I've ever read on a message board. I'm a "Lucas apologist" based on two posts that contradict your opinion? Two posts that spelled out exactly why I was arguing what I was arguing (which at least is more than your posts did). If you want me to tell you what I think is crap and pointless about the prequels I will - their very existence, which completely undercuts every major dramatic revelation in the original trilogy. That doesn't mean that the prequels aren't fun, or that some people's criticisms of them don't hold up.

>Watto is a gross caricature of a Hasidic shop owner. There's just no way around that.

Yes there is, and it starts with the fact that other people claim that Watto is a caricature of an Italian shop owner, or an Arab shop owner. Still others don't see any of these things. So all we've really got is Watto as a shop owner, with the other perceptions coming from the viewers' own minds. If it's so obvious that he's a Hasidic stereotype then you shouldn't have any difficultly explaining why, using concrete examples. He sure doesn't look, act or sound like any Hasidic person I've met or stereotype I'm familiar with.
And gee, wouldn't you expect to see a similiar stereotype with the Banking Clan?

"The Neimodians (the green guys with the big red eyes) are terrible caricatures of Japanese businessmen. You'd have to be willfully avoiding the obvious to not to see and hear it."

Again, if it's so obvious then you should be able to demonstrate your point. Which you can't, because the Neimodians are nothing like Japanese businessmen. There's nothing overworked, stressed or bureaucratic about them!

The latest stupid racist analysis emerged last week, with some Hispanics claiming the clone army is a racist dig at Mexican workers working across the border. I suppose it doens't matter that the actor who plays Jango Fett is a New Zealander of Maori descent!

The simple fact is that Lucas is a hardcore liberal, with an Episode II script that can be read as a criticism of Bush and the post 9/11 madness (though obviously it was written far before then). It's no coincidence that the Empire is composed of lifeless white Europeans and the rebel alliance is a perfect integration of a zillion alien races!

"[Jar Jar] is just flat-out annoying and pointless"

Annoying? Yes. Pointless? No, as I've already detailed. What other character could believably fill Jar Jar's crucial role in Episode II? And it is crucial, because without his manipulation Palpatine wouldn't have won the emergency powers that allow him to formally commission the clone army and begin the Empire.

"It is obvious why Anakin loves Amidala, it makes very little sense that she would feel the same way."

Ask any female in the audience around Padme's age and you've got your answer. I didn't buy it either, until the three women I saw the movie explained the "mothering the bad boy" thing. You want to criticize the acting or dialogue then fine, I'm with you. Imagine Anakin in the exact same film but played by James Dean and you'll get it. That's what they were aiming for, and I don't really think they pulled it off. And frankly I'm willing to buy that launching into a tirade over an action committed in a stage of grief and rage over Anakin's mother's death (and perhaps repeated rape) isn't the most human of responses.

"Amidala is passive and weak"

Examples? In the other corner, we have:

Standing up to the Neimodian threat in Episode I
Being a fucking queen at age 14
LEADING the ground assault to retake the palace in Episode I
Hating the committee process that prevents her taking immediate action in Episode I
Being a senator at 24
Volunteering to act as bait early in Episode II
Choosing to rescue Obi-Wan despite her own safety
She's the first person to free herself and begin fighting in the arena scene
She fights in the arena instead of needing protection (and takes initiative in the battle)

BTW this isn't aimed at you, Flux. As a long-time lurker I actually agree with a lot of what you say in other threads. But you pretty much sum up what seems to be a trend with the prequels, which is that criticisms taken for granted actually fall apart under any sort of analysis, suggesting that something else is going on aside from "I just didn't like the film." I suppose it's part of the "Star Wars isn't cool anymore" meme that generated such notorious boners as The Matrix beating out Episode I for the best SFX Oscar, even though The Matrix's most famous effect was ORIGINALLY A FUCKING GAP COMMERCIAL and nothing new, whereas Episode I had photorealistic digital characters, something nobody had ever done...
 
 
YNH
18:36 / 19.05.02
And here I thought "balance to the force" meant something like whittling down the goody-goody jedi numbers to 2 for a tie with the Sith. But TNW's version is more Lucas.

As a detractor, though, I'd like to state that nobody thought all the aliens in either movie were racially typed. However, if someone is going to defend Sambo Binks based on some overheard conversation suggesting ze was gay, I'm gonna say that's silly. Before, during, and after Menace, almost everyone who saw it recognized a problem with the representation. Played by a black actor and capitalizing on rep's from the turn of the last century, he was at least an embarrassment if not intentionally defamatory. In Binks's case, as in most of the others, it's difficult to point to a particular culture because he's pastiche: a walk here, a dance there, an accent here... I trust you get the idea.

It's a concrete, thought-out directorial decision about how to construct the other that lies at the root of most objections. And here Lucas is nothing if not consistent. He casts about in the theatre of that-which-is-not-white for inspiration. By his own admission the battle-driods are inspired by African masks. The viewer can count on one hand the number of african americans with speaking parts in all five films. The number whose faces are shown is smaller still. The new alien army in Clones sports a language heavy with glottal stops and unvoiced clicks.

In defense of Clones, Binks's screen time is cut to what was considered necessary I guess, and the tertiary Neimodians have more average voices. It looks like some efforts were made to tone it down, but it also looks like (see the clicking and the arena scenes) Lucas isn't real adept at self examination.

As an aside I don't think it's any coincidence my partner refers to Jingo Threat the bounty hunter, either.
 
 
YNH
18:55 / 19.05.02
But you pretty much sum up what seems to be a trend with the prequels, which is that criticisms taken for granted actually fall apart under any sort of analysis

How's that? Is nuh-uh analysis nowadays? Either position takes a bit more development before it makes any sense at all, but I think Flux's position has a stronger base that yrs at the moment.

The latest stupid racist analysis emerged last week, with some Hispanics claiming the clone army is a racist dig at Mexican workers working across the border. I suppose it doens't matter that the actor who plays Jango Fett is a New Zealander of Maori descent!

Neat. Do you have a link for this?

Calling something like this "stupid" is a bit inflamatory isn't it? Are these hispanic folks sucking applesauce through straws and reading at a pre-school level or is it possible that they have a legitimate investment in representations on-screen? Yes, Jingo's not Hispanic. No, he doesn't sound Hispanic. He kind of looks Hispanic, though. And he's certainly not white, like most of the humans in the films. Why, as a director, make that decision? Why, as a viewer, make that conection?

Despite being, as you say, a kids' film, this is a nice big chunk of Americana with widespread cultural support, bound to touch the hearts and minds of millions and reify any relationships in the world(s) around them. Analyzing every last detail is not only inevitable but imperative.

Oh, and Watto? Everybody's got him as somewhere in the Middle-East don't they? (Excepting the few - invisible? - folks who say Italian.)
 
 
Matthew Fluxington
19:50 / 19.05.02
It's weird arguing these points with the Negasonic Teenage Warhead, because (s)he sounds so much like I did back in 1999 when I was trying very hard to defend The Phantom Menace to myself and others, because I so wanted it all to be right and good. But it's not.

No, Jar Jar is not essential to having Palpatine sieze power, because based on how dull-witted most of the heroes in the new trilogy are, it's not as though Jar Jar is the only one who could have been duped so easily. After all, the motion to have Palpatine given emergency powers was put to a vote, and it won. Seeing that even the most powerful Jedi can't clue themselves in to what Palpatine is up to, it's pretty obvious that Mr. Binks is not the only gullible dope in the galaxy. There's no reason why Bail Organa couldn't have been the guy who served Jar Jar's role in the senate. It's not as if Organa had any other good reason to be in the movie.

All of the evidence you state to prove that Amidala has any depth of character is all very weak - having things happen to a character is not the same as a character having depth. Fighting space monsters in an arena does or deciding to help her pals does not make her an interesting or well-rounded character. It just makes her a token female action figure.

I'll budge a bit and allow that it's more realistic that characters like Watto, the Neimodians, Jar Jar, etc aren't meant to be 100% specific caricatures, but they certainly are based on a combination of different stereotypes, I can't see how anyone could question that. In the original trilogy, all of the aliens were just weird creatures that didn't have anything to do with different types of humans on earth - this has all changed, and for no good reason. As YNH says, it's dangerous for this sort of thing to be in children's entertainment, there's no reason for ethnic stereotypes to be mixed into characters who are very dubious in the context of the story.

Also, I'm not sure if I think George Lucas is a "hardcore liberal", there's some lip service about democracy and hating corporate co-option of government, but I get the impression that Lucas ultimately sides with The Empire, which may or may not be a bad thing. The politics of Star Wars is so nebulous, it's really hard to say who is worse - the Republic or the Separatists, the Sith or the Jedi, the Rebels or the Empire. The problem is, the more you think about this stuff, the more you realize there is nothing there at all - the "politics" in the new trilogy is little more than a pretense of depth.
 
 
Matthew Fluxington
19:59 / 19.05.02
An interesting point is made right here.
 
 
some guy
22:16 / 19.05.02
Various people wrote:

"However, if someone is going to defend Sambo Binks based on some overheard conversation suggesting ze was gay, I'm gonna say that's silly. Before, during, and after Menace, almost everyone who saw it recognized a problem with the representation."

"Almost everyone" is a completely pointless phrase. Take a poll, did you? The gay Jar Jar thing isn't an overheard conversation - it was discussed in Salon and likely elsewhere as well, though not to the degree as the minstrel thing. What about black viewers who didn't have a problem with it? What about African studies professors who called the accusations nonsense? Do they not count? If people think they see something there, it doesn't actually mean it IS there.

"Played by a black actor and capitalizing on rep's from the turn of the last century, he was at least an embarrassment if not intentionally defamatory. In Binks's case, as in most of the others, it's difficult to point to a particular culture because he's pastiche: a walk here, a dance there, an accent here... I trust you get the idea."

No, I don't. This complete inability to nail down precisely what's even being stereotyped is proof enough that there's nothing there! And again, the fact that different factions insist the same characters are stereotypes of DIFFERENT groups of people pretty strongly suggests the racist viewpoint rests in the mind of the beholder, not the characters themselves.

"The viewer can count on one hand the number of african americans with speaking parts in all five films."

Yes, this is a valid criticism, although the human cast of the series itself is fairly small, and the minority representation of characters not linked to the original trilogy in the prequels is pretty good. It's interesting though that all of the African American characters are ultimately good, while the Empire is comprised entirely of European colonial types. And if Lucas really had a problem with black characters would the top-ranking human Jedi be Sam Jackson?
"The new alien army in Clones sports a language heavy with glottal stops and unvoiced clicks."

So how is this offensive or stereotypical, exactly? Is Huttese offensive to English speakers, since the language is based on phenomes we use? Is the Wookie growl offensive to bears? Or gee, could it be that people speak differently, and aliens might be the same way?

"The latest stupid racist analysis emerged last week, with some Hispanics claiming the clone army is a racist dig at Mexican workers working across the border. I suppose it doens't matter that the actor who plays Jango Fett is a New Zealander of Maori descent! 'Neat. Do you have a link for this?'"

Should be a headline on www.theforce.net from this week. I think it was one of the Detroit papers.

"Calling something like this "stupid" is a bit inflamatory isn't it? Are these hispanic folks sucking applesauce through straws and reading at a pre-school level or is it possible that they have a legitimate investment in representations on-screen? Yes, Jingo's not Hispanic. No, he doesn't sound Hispanic. He kind of looks Hispanic, though. And he's certainly not white, like most of the humans in the films. Why, as a director, make that decision? Why, as a viewer, make that conection?"

It may be inflammatory but it's also true. It is ignorance to read Hispanic coding into the Jango character based on the way he LOOKS. That's what racism is. It doesn't matter who does it. The fact that Temuera Morrison is a New Zealander with Maori roots isn't difficult to research, if anyone wanted an educated opinion before concocting bizarre NAFTA theories.

"It's weird arguing these points with the Negasonic Teenage Warhead, because (s)he sounds so much like I did back in 1999 when I was trying very hard to defend The Phantom Menace to myself and others, because I so wanted it all to be right and good. But it's not."

Phantom Menace is crap. Clones isn't. I'm willing to slash into the former if that's what you want. And as I've said before, I'm willing to point out all the things in Clones that are crap, especially the script and acting.

"No, Jar Jar is not essential to having Palpatine sieze power, because based on how dull-witted most of the heroes in the new trilogy are, it's not as though Jar Jar is the only one who could have been duped so easily. After all, the motion to have Palpatine given emergency powers was put to a vote, and it won."

What other character could have made the motion? Everyone else is opposed to raising an army.

"Seeing that even the most powerful Jedi can't clue themselves in to what Palpatine is up to, it's pretty obvious that Mr. Binks is not the only gullible dope in the galaxy. There's no reason why Bail Organa couldn't have been the guy who served Jar Jar's role in the senate."

Except that Organa appears to have doubts about the army as well, judging by the final scene. And the Jedi being duped is a major plot point, not a sign of their stupidity. Although the librarian was pretty fucking weak.

"All of the evidence you state to prove that Amidala has any depth of character is all very weak - having things happen to a character is not the same as a character having depth."

She does do things, as I demonstrated in a list. You seem incapable of producing any evidence to support your reading, despite having had several opportunities. Hmm. Wonder why.

"I'll budge a bit and allow that it's more realistic that characters like Watto, the Neimodians, Jar Jar, etc aren't meant to be 100% specific caricatures, but they certainly are based on a combination of different stereotypes, I can't see how anyone could question that."

I'll budge a bit to, and say that if this is true then - so what? But more to the point, you still haven't actually mentioned which specific stereotypes are being used, and why nobody can agree on them. Let's use the Nemoidians as an example. You claimed they were caricatures of Japanese businessmen. I'm willing to be convinced. On what specific things are you basing your claim?

"In the original trilogy, all of the aliens were just weird creatures that didn't have anything to do with different types of humans on earth - this has all changed, and for no good reason." As YNH says, it's dangerous for this sort of thing to be in children's entertainment, there's no reason for ethnic stereotypes to be mixed into characters who are very dubious in the context of the story."

If the characters are based on stereotypes - and nobody's been able to demonstrate this with specific attributes - is that then necessarily bad? And if the real villains of the piece are all stuffy white guys, what does that say?

"Also, I'm not sure if I think George Lucas is a "hardcore liberal", there's some lip service about democracy and hating corporate co-option of government, but I get the impression that Lucas ultimately sides with The Empire."

Right. Which is why they win in the end and crush those obnoxious, integrationist rebels. I'm not reading Lucas the liberal from the films themselves, but rather interviews and so forth. This is the man, after all, who's said Return of the Jedi is his commentary on Vietnam. I never said he didn't have a screw loose!

"The problem is, the more you think about this stuff, the more you realize there is nothing there at all - the "politics" in the new trilogy is little more than a pretense of depth."

How so?
 
 
YNH
04:36 / 20.05.02
Almost everyone is entirely pointless. I could have said “almost everyone posting on Barbelith at the time”, or “almost everyone in my various social circles” (which, admittedly, narrows the population from millions to dozens, but hey.) Everyone in a media sense rang in on the subject: Time, Newsweek, USA Today, 3 of my local newspapers, People, Entertainment Weekly, CNN, local and national news networks, radio stations, the New York Times, the LA Times… Ugh, access to Lexis might be worth the price of night classes. Supposedly this is beside the point, however, as no one else is really doing any research.

Thus, nuh-uh is passing for analytical thought.

What about black viewers who didn’t have any problem with it?” asks Teenage Negasonic Warhead.
That’s a very old and very tired and ultimately very deeply implicated question. What about people who have no problem with JJ from Good Times? What about people who had no problem with blackface at the beginning of the 20th century? Does that somehow automatically signify unproblematic representation?

You will of course, start naming by name African Studies professors and quoting from their statements if I ask, right? ‘Cause Michael Eric Dyson, professor of African-American studies at Columbia University, was expansive on the subject:

"There was something about his demeanor that suggested blackness and that suggested, more specifically, stereotypical blackness. I think that I immediately knew that there were some stereotypical elements to this character that suggested black culture -- the way he spoke, the way he walked. Even when he said 'meesa'... taken very quickly, it could be like "massa, massa. The leader of Jar Jar's tribe is a fat, bumbling buffoon with a rumbling voice, and he seems to be a caricature of a stereotypical African tribal chieftain. [Jar Jar] seems to owe something to Disney characters. If you go back and look at cartoons from the '30s and the '40s and the '50s, they're full of racism. And it's deliberate. And Dumbo, the black crows, were meant to remind you of black people. Maybe this time around in reaching back to borrow from old movies, maybe Lucas or his people had trouble separating stereotypes from the sort of things that would help strengthen the movie."

He’s also one of the people I don’t mind sounding like:

"It's a cultural phenomenon. So, saying it's a cartoon doesn't dismiss it, doesn't denigrate it, it even makes it more powerful. Because why? Now it's getting into the unconscious or the subconscious and the minds of our children. What I am suggesting is that George Lucas has tapped into unconsciously some racist and stereotypical conceptions of blackness that need to be identified. Hold on a minute, we find this problematic."

In response to the suggestion that a bricolage of stereotypical behaviors might contribute to an offensive representation overall, TNW foams at the fingertips triumphantly !’ing that such a thing is impossible. No, TNW, it doesn’t prove there’s nothing there; it does prove that disparate individuals can call upon varied intellectual and cultural backgrounds to identify multiple characteristics that identify characters on-screen as one race or another. Representation doesn’t occur in a vacuum.

All the African American characters are not ultimately good. Darth Vader is arguably the most recognizable black man in media, by voice alone. Jar Jar is gullible, slow, and ultimately the destruction of democracy. Again, it’s not about Lucas-the-person, but rather Lucas-the-director/writer/producer.

Or gee, could it be that people speak differently, and aliens might be the same way?

Could be, but why are most of the humans, and good aliens, coded for Midwestern or British English?

As for the Jingo Threat discussion, I can’t see where you addressed anything new; nice CAPS though. I’m convinced. Most of the commentators on the subject were aware of Morrison’s ethnicity. They were also aware that onscreen one views coded representations as well as, or rather than, individuals. Criticism gets even muddier when Boba calls Jingo “baba.” All the sudden he’s any of several sets of brownish-skinned folks, all at loggerheads with white America.
 
 
The Natural Way
07:27 / 20.05.02
Y'know, I can't defend loads of stuff about this film, but I liked it.

I just had a lot of fun. Not half as good as LOTR, but enjoyable nevertheless.
 
 
Matthew Fluxington
12:36 / 20.05.02
The only truly good non-white, non-alien character in the Star Wars pantheon is Samuel L. Jackson's Mace Windu, but hey, they've got another movie to screw that one up and I'm not going to put it past Lucas to do just that. Lando Calrissian comes in as #2, but he is significantly marred by the fact that he double-crossed his best friend in The Empire Strikes Back.
 
 
some guy
12:54 / 20.05.02
"Everyone in a media sense rang in on the subject: Time, Newsweek, USA Today, 3 of my local newspapers, People, Entertainment Weekly, CNN, local and national news networks, radio stations, the New York Times, the LA Times…"

Duh. If someone accuses a massive cultural touchstone of racism of course those accusations will be widely reported, especially in scandal rags. It doesn't make them true, and more than the massive publicity given to Britney Spears makes her a good singer. I would also argue that the media represents anyone but the media themselves, but that's a different discussion.

"'What about black viewers who didn’t have any problem with it?' asks Teenage Negasonic Warhead.
That’s a very old and very tired and ultimately very deeply implicated question ... Does that somehow automatically signify unproblematic representation?"

Of course not. It's just amusing that in the rush to accuse racism, the views of minorities who disagree with the accusation are often trampled by the crusaders, who are so eager to find fault that it doesn't matter if a fault actually exists or not.

"There was something about his demeanor that suggested blackness"

This is precisely the sort of idiocy I'm talking about. There's a black demeanor? News to me and my family.

"Even when he said 'meesa'... taken very quickly, it could be like "massa, massa."'

Sure, and the Jawas are obviously a racist Jewish stereotype because they're a near homophone and sell things. Let's see. Jar Jar is a racist stereotype because when he says "Me" it sounds like he says "Master." Maybe he's just arrogant?

"In response to the suggestion that a bricolage of stereotypical behaviors might contribute to an offensive representation overall, TNW foams at the fingertips triumphantly !’ing that such a thing is impossible."

Er, no. I'm just asking for people to back up their accusations with concrete examples from the films, something neither you nor Flux has done. Not even once. Not even in this post.

Whether creating new characters through a bricolage of human experience is inherently a bad thing is a discussion worth having. The Neimoidians, for example. The accusation was made that they are stereotypes of Japanese businessmen. No evidence was given to support this view. Evidence was in fact given to refute this view. But let's assume that the accusation stands, that elements of the Neimoidians corresponds to various stereotypes about Japanese businessmen. Is this a "bad thing" in itself?

If Jar Jar "moves with blackness" and the actor on whose movements Jar Jar is based is black, is that somehow wrong? If Bill Cosby supervises an animated series targeted at black viewers and insists that the characters walk in a certain way, is that wrong? Or is one empowerment and one racist, because Cosby is black and Lucas is white?

"No, TNW, it doesn’t prove there’s nothing there; it does prove that disparate individuals can call upon varied intellectual and cultural backgrounds to identify multiple characteristics that identify characters on-screen as one race or another."

And the fact that people interepret the same characters as DIFFERENT stereotypes (or not stereotypes at all) suggests that this argument is nonsense. That it's not based on the characters themselves but rather the preconceptions inherent in the different viewers. This is why some viewers saw Jar Jar as a gay stereotype, why other viewers saw him as a black stereotype, why others (including the black actor who portrays him) saw him as an alien frog person.

"All the African American characters are not ultimately good. Darth Vader is arguably the most recognizable black man in media, by voice alone."

Darth Vader is a white guy. His voice is portrayed by a black actor. This is where I see your own racism coming into play - your inability to consider James Earl Jones as a serious voice artist with a commanding screen presence rather than a "black actor" whose race defines his voiceover work done on a white character instead of any natural talent. You are effectively basing you view of him not on what he does, but what he looks like. To put it another way - you need a voice over with ultimate presence. Is there any other person on the planet you choose BESIDES James Earl Jones?

"Jar Jar is gullible"

Jar Jar, of course, is not black.

"'Or gee, could it be that people speak differently, and aliens might be the same way?' Could be, but why are most of the humans, and good aliens, coded for Midwestern or British English?"

Because English-speaking viewers are the films' primary audience? Because it's massively limiting to populate a film with Wookies? "British English" of course in these films primarily signifies the villains! But nobody wants to address that it seems, because making the villains the most segregated, whitest-of-white characters in the films rather trumps the racism claims. Unless, of course, Lucas is also racist against white people.

"As for the Jingo Threat discussion, I can’t see where you addressed anything new; nice CAPS though. I’m convinced. Most of the commentators on the subject were aware of Morrison’s ethnicity."

This is an assumption - one that appears very dubious when reading some of the comments in the Detroit News. I haven't seen this new take flow into other papers yet, but then to be honest I haven't been looking. I find it ridiculous to give credibility to people accusing Lucas of somehow presenting Hispanics in a negative light by pointing fingers at a Maori actor.

"All the sudden he’s any of several sets of brownish-skinned folks, all at loggerheads with white America."

Oh yes, the infamous Maori/GOP rivalry we all are so familiar with.

I don't wish to completely destroy a thread arguing opinion, so unless anyone wants to step up to the plate and back up their views with firm examples from the films I'm bowing out. No need to get repetitive in ever-smaller circles...
 
 
some guy
13:07 / 20.05.02
"Lando Calrissian comes in as #2, but he is significantly marred by the fact that he double-crossed his best friend in The Empire Strikes Back."

IRCC he doesn't double-cross Han out of choice but out of necessity.

Here's an interesting thing to think about - in each of the Star Wars films following A New Hope, what is the racial makeup of the new characters?

Empire: The only major new characters are Lando, Yoda and the Emperor. Black, muppet, white. And the white guy is the evil one.

Jedi: The only major new characters are Ewoks and Jabba. Two aliens. The rebels are shown to have an alien as their leader in Admiral Ackbar.

Phantom Menace: The only new major characters not bound to a specific race by previous events (e.g. Kenobi, Amidala and Skywalker) are Qui-Gon, Mace, Darth Maul, Watto, Jar Jar. Three alien, one black and one white. The black guy is the white guy's master, and the villains are played by white actors.

Clones: Only new major characters are Jango and Dooku. One Maori, one white. Both are villains, although the Maori is shown to be a devoted father. Amidala's replacement as monarch is another woman, this time of Indian descent.

So that's two characters in four sequels who are white but could have been of any race. One represents the ultimate evil and the other reports to a muppet and a black guy.

I'm not being convinced of racism here...
 
 
Matthew Fluxington
13:15 / 20.05.02
Both are villains, although the Maori is shown to be a devoted father.

Why is it that bad guys in Star Wars are always shown to be "not so bad after all" because they show some affection for their sons? Why does that get them off the hook? That always bugged me about Vader - in Empire Vader tells Luke that together they could destroy Palpatine and rule the universe as father and son - why should we believe that him saving Luke and killing Palpatine had anything to do with nobility and not ambition?

Oh, I know Lando didn't mean to sell Han Solo out, I have sympathy for him. It still makes Lando a character with less integrity than the other white heroes.

Negasonic - okay, okay, okay, the power structures of Star Wars are no overtly racist. Fine. That doesn't stop a LOT of people from being convinced that some of these new alien characters are the cartoon equivalent of ethnic slurs. Just because you can't see it doesn't mean it's not there.
 
 
The Natural Way
13:42 / 20.05.02
Flux: "why should we believe that him saving Luke and killing Palpatine had anything to do with nobility and not ambition?"

Flux...please.....

Are you really suggesting there's another motive? C'mon....this isn't helping yr argument (which, by and large, I agree w/)/
 
 
Sandfarmer
13:49 / 20.05.02
Lando sold Han out but he also had the rescue plan in place from the begininng. Remeber its Lando that pulls the switcheroo on the stormtroopers. I never saw Lando's actions any more scandalous than Han Solo leaving with his money at the end of ANH. Han comes back and saves the day just like Lando does in ESB. They are both the classic Cowboy character like in "Shane". They both serve themselves but in the end make a sacrifce for the good guys. Lando just happens to have been played by a black actor.

As far as racisim in AOTC, that's about the most absurd thing I've ever heard. Its just not there. How come Lucas can't use non-whites without getting racism thrown at him? What does he have to do? Make films where all the good guys are minorities and all the bad guys are white?
 
 
Matthew Fluxington
13:51 / 20.05.02
Oh no, I totally understand why Darth Vader redeems himself, I'm just questioning some weird logic in the movies.

My favorite scenes of all of the Star Wars films are without question the final confrontation of Luke/Vader/Palpatine. That, and the scene in Empire when Han is put into carbonite while Leia et al look on, helpless.

Okay -- Am I the only one 'round here who thinks Palpatine is Anakin's real father?
 
 
The Natural Way
13:53 / 20.05.02
Probably not, but I don't.

It's a cheap Jesus/Messiah thing. Why would Shmi lie? I mean, who cares if she bonked Palpatine?
 
 
Matthew Fluxington
14:26 / 20.05.02
I don't know. There's a precedent for lying about fathers in Star Wars, and Lucas seems intent on repeating all the motifs from the original trilogy. If he's not the father of Anakin, he's certainly got some connection to him, more than just being a person whom he wants to exploit to his own advantage.
 
 
some guy
14:42 / 20.05.02
"That doesn't stop a LOT of people from being convinced that some of these new alien characters are the cartoon equivalent of ethnic slurs. Just because you can't see it doesn't mean it's not there."

No argument there. My point is that nobody on this thread - not a single person in a single post - has bothered to back up their "ethnic slur" accusations with evidence from the films themselves. It's as if simply making the accusation is enough.

So come on - Neimoidians are an "ethnic slur" on Japanese businessmen. That was you, right? Make your case. I'm listening.
 
 
Bear
14:47 / 20.05.02
Flux might be onto something, there's got to be a twist right.

Are we still doing -

SPOILERS
SPOILERS
SPOILERS
SPOILERS
SPOILERS
SPOILERS
SPOILERS

I've got a feeling that Anakins mother isn't dead, she was a bit too quiet in the first movie for my liking and who's to say the person he saw die wasn't a clone?
 
 
The Natural Way
15:12 / 20.05.02
Good God, this is definitely "over complicate everything" day.

I'm saying no. balls.
 
 
Bear
15:17 / 20.05.02
Not trying to complicated things.

Alright then how about Yoda, he's actually everyones father - he's been flying around the Galaxy in a little space bubble like a little green Hugh Hefner....
 
 
Matthew Fluxington
15:26 / 20.05.02
Jane Galt articulates many of my feelings about Padme Amidala in Attack of the Clones far better than I:

Where it all fell apart was Padme.

Men are not allowed to start shouting at me. I know she's beautiful. I don't begrudge you your enjoyment of watching her glide about in various stages of undress. But if you lack this perspective, other than admiring the constant innovation displayed by her costumer, her sections of the movie are soul-numbingly bad.

First of all, I just don't believe that they've made this twit a Senator. Isn't there anyone on the damn planet they could have sent who's, say, able to get into PG-13 movies by herself? As a Queen, I believed her; young, experienced, but good-hearted -- fine. But the idea of making little Rebecca of Sunnybrook farm here your sole representative to the galactic government -- let's put it this way: if you wanted to do some down and dirty wrangling with the representatives of a couple of thousand other planets, would you want Alan Dershowitz representing you, or Shirley Temple?

Second of all, the script writers seem to have been so overcome by the thought of Natalie Portman in her costumes that they were unable to tear their mind's eye away long enough to focus on details like plot and character. Okay, I realize that one doesn't go to see a George Lucas film for its deft characterization and quicksilver dialogue, but this was appalling. One of the enjoyable things about the original films was the way they nodded their heads to old movie stereotypes, but in the scenes with Amidala, the script doctors don't just nod -- they bow down and worship the kinds of cliches that would be cut from a Lifetime Movie as being too obvious. Most of the dialogue between Anakin and Padme seemed to have been cribbed from the cast-off scripts of ABC after-school specials. I won't give too much away, but let's just say that when a young man says "I can't believe she's dead. Why did she have to die?" it's hard for me to stop cringing long enough to redirect my attention to the screen. This wasn't helped by Natalie Portman's wooden delivery -- I found it hard to shake the impression that she was reading her lines from cue-cards located somewhere over Anakin's left shoulder. Of course, I lack the same perspective on the matter as the fourteen-year old boys at whom this is presumably aimed.


Patio Pundit elaborates:

The larger story of Episodes I-III is how an inter-stellar democracy that has lasted a thousand years becomes decadent, and allows itself to be taken over by a dictator. To tell that story requires Lucas to explain the political power game well. He doesn't. To take just one example, Queen/Senator Padme Amidalla is a lousy Senator. She is honest, but naive. In Episode I she is the pawn that elevates Palpatine to power, and in this movie she shows no political skill or insight. She talks when she should fight, she leaves when she should stay, and is generally ineffective without a weapon in her hand. In fact, no one besides Palpatine shows any political skills in either Episode I or II.

In the first trilogy (Episodes IV-VI), Lucas got around this problem because he started the story when the totalitarian Emperor had already taken over so it was a given that the Empire was "bad," and the rebellion was "good," and the question of "the force" provided the interesting drive. In this trilogy (Episode I-III), Lucas flips this around. The "force" and the powerful Jedi are a given, while it is unclear who the good guys and the bad guys are. This makes the political nuances more important. The way that Lucas sets up the political dynamic, Yoda is no match for the Emperor, who pretty much executes his plan unopposed by an opposite number among the Jedi or the Senate.
 
 
some guy
15:46 / 20.05.02
"But the idea of making little Rebecca of Sunnybrook farm here your sole representative to the galactic government -- let's put it this way: if you wanted to do some down and dirty wrangling with the representatives of a couple of thousand other planets, would you want Alan Dershowitz representing you, or Shirley Temple?"

The problem with this argument is that it's not based on anything actually in the films. Not only does Padme take strong, controversial stances politically in each film (in EI standing up to the Trade Federation blockade and then subsequently writing off the ineffectual senate to take matters into her own hands, and in EII leading a planned opposition vote to prevent the formation of an army), but statements like the above show only that the critics aren't actually paying any attention. They're writing off Padme because Portman wears a dress, instead of watching and listening. Padme isn't sidelined to Naboo in the second film because she wants to frolic, but because she's hiding from assassins.

"One of the enjoyable things about the original films was the way they nodded their heads to old movie stereotypes, but in the scenes with Amidala, the script doctors don't just nod -- they bow down and worship the kinds of cliches that would be cut from a Lifetime Movie as being too obvious."

Again, an uninformed opinion, as evidenced by the fact that Padme is demonstrably NOT behaving like women in old movies. She is a proactive character who doesn't need to be rescued. She doesn't scream. She doesn't take shit from the men (and when she does from Qui-Gon in EI it's with barely veiled resentment). She takes a blaster and leads the assault to retake Theed. She escapes her chains and begins attacking her monster in the "Gladiator" sequence before either of the Jedi do.

So she's like old movie heroines how? Because of some crap romantic dialogue?

"To take just one example, Queen/Senator Padme Amidalla is a lousy Senator. She is honest, but naive. In Episode I she is the pawn that elevates Palpatine to power, and in this movie she shows no political skill or insight."

Considering that everyone - even Yoda - is victim to Palpatine's machinations I can't really blame her for what she does in EI in that respect. I'd argue that leading an opposition vote on raising an army DOES show "political skill [and] insight." She's wise enough to not want a concentration of power like that. It's a damn site more savvy than any current US politician in regards to post 9/11.

"She talks when she should fight, she leaves when she should stay, and is generally ineffective without a weapon in her hand."

Such as the way she fails to hold her own in the final arena battle. The way she isn't able to make it all the way to the throne room on Theed? The way she doesn't engineer the window escape? The way she is unable to free herself from the pillar?

I really enjoy the revisionist interpretations of the Empire that are starting to appear, incidentally. The piece in the Standard is good fun!
 
  

Page: 1234(5)678

 
  
Add Your Reply