BARBELITH underground
 

Subcultural engagement for the 21st Century...
Barbelith is a new kind of community (find out more)...
You can login or register.


Genderless/Gender-neutral pronouns, "he", "she", "them" and "they", and broader gender issues in language.

 
  

Page: 12(3)45

 
 
Haus about we all give each other a big lovely huggle?
13:44 / 19.11.02
In this case, the two are pretty much synonymous. Except that "she or he" is in most cases and certainly with repetition monstrously ugly, cumbersome and tiresome both to write and read. It also sets up a binary opposition that strikes me as drawing far more attention to the question of gender alignment than a nice, portable "ze".

Also, of course, H.I.R may in reality or on Barbelith not identify as male or female, in which case one could go on using "ze", conveniently enough. Which is again not something entirely alien to the Interwebnet. Ganesh, for example, refers to himself at different times both as if he were a Glaswegian psychiatric care professional and a Hindu elephant god. I have been known to refer to myself both as a person and as an architectural construct. Time Please was, among other things, living in the late nineteenth century. It's a different thread, but the highly metaphorical structure of the fictionsuit probably allows for more slippage or elision of gender and other elements than everyday life.

Which is why I suspect that "ze" is going to be more useful in text than outside it. But nobody seems very interested in that idea.
 
 
Our Lady of The Two Towers
13:54 / 19.11.02
Can I just ask Loz (god that feels strange) to explain why the fact that teaching 'factory workers in Detroit' to use ze would be difficult is a valid enough reason not to bother? Although it's not in the same 'life and death' class it does have an odour of 'let's not bother trying to abolish slavery because it'll be difficult persuading those bigoted landowners to do it' about it.
 
 
grant
14:05 / 19.11.02
Wheaty-G's link above contains the following interesting history:

It was apparently in early Middle English, with the transition to a system of "natural gender" (in which the third person singular pronouns are almost the only surviving linguistic markers of gender, and they are basically used in accordance with the biological sex of the referents of their antecedent nouns), that there arose the pronominal "generic masculine" construction as such -- in which it is only by a separate convention (somewhat isolated from regular rules of pronoun agreement) that masculine pronouns are used in sentences of the type "Everybody loves his own mother".

However, not long afterwards the "singular their" construction ("Everybody loves their own mother") also came into existence, and is attested starting in the late 1300's. So from the fourteenth century on, both "singular their" and the pronominal generic masculine existed in English, and were two competing solutions for the same problem.

From then on, "singular their" was used without much inhibition (see the examples from the OED) and was not generally considered "bad grammar". It is true that starting in the 16th century, when English grammar began to be a subject of study, some rules of Latin grammar were applied to English; and that the Latin-based rules of grammatical agreement might have been seen as forbidding the English singular "their" construction -- if they were interpreted in a certain linguistically naïve way. (This may explain why certain classical-language-influenced authors, such as the translators of the King James Bible, tended to use singular "their" somewhat infrequently -- but see Phillipians 2:3.) However, the earliest specific condemnation of singular "their" that Bodine was able to find (in her 1975 article) dated only from 1795 (more than two centuries after English grammar started being taught, and at least several decades after the beginning of the 18th century "grammar boom").

 
 
Ethan Hawke
14:25 / 19.11.02
Which is why I suspect that "ze" is going to be more useful in text than outside it. But nobody seems very interested in that idea.

Let me stop for a second - I'm having a difficult time separating to use of "ze" as (a) a personal pronoun used to refer to a non-specific person of indeterminate gender and (b) a personal pronoun used to refer to a person (or a textual manifestation of one) who is of a gender we don't know, or who doesn't refer to themselves (...) as belonging to either of the traditional biological genders (or traditional grammatical genders). Perhaps we need different words for these two different usages as well. Anyway,

(a) Seems to me a primarily politically motivated act, as there do exist grammatical ways to get around the situation. Again, I'm going to push the theory that it (in addition to "completing a unit of sense) it serves as a signifier pointing to the utterer as "educated and not sexist" with class connotations as applicable.

(b) Is somewhat stickier. This usage seems to me to be a mere courtesy, though one that may be only applicable on the "interwebnet", as if I referred to someone I've just met who I suspect to be a transsexual as "ze", ze might take none too kindly to it (for any number of possible reasons). While there are of course execptions, in everyday life, one still tends to use the personal pronoun suggested by the object's name, if no visual input is available (but then there's t "That Solitaire Rose chick" problem) or, if visual input is available, secondary sex characteristics and mode of dress. While using these heuristics can of course lead to embarrassing mistakes, it certainly seems excessive (at the moment, for their could be an explosion of ambiguous figures) to add another level of courtesy onto social interaction. If "ze" is equally as useful in both textual and IRL interactions, the possibility for impolitic error IRL is much greater and perhaps much less understandable to the person about whom the error was made.
 
 
William Sack
15:12 / 19.11.02
Since, exempli g., there is nothing generic whatsoever about, say, H.I.R, but at the same time I do not know H.I.R's gender, an epicene pronoun sems entirely apt and not particularly political at all at all. If H.I.R subsequently mentions that ze identifies as male, or female, I can adjust my subsequent application of the pronoun accordingly.


My use of the epicene "I" and "my" would not have helped you determine my gender either, and my original choice of name, "hir", may have lead to your choosing me for your example. I was not even aware the words "ze" and "hir" even existed before I came here (and chose my original name). That might just be because of the sexist dunces I hang around with though; either that or the fact that the words ARE more fitting to the text environment we are currently in.

Threadrot (or perhaps it all was): I am, and identify as, male.
 
 
some guy
15:12 / 19.11.02
Except that "she or he" is in most cases and certainly with repetition monstrously ugly, cumbersome and tiresome both to write and read.

Some of us think "ze" sounds silly, while others object to the self-congratulatory implication of its usage. I don't think a need for a new pronoun has been demonstrated.

It also sets up a binary opposition that strikes me as drawing far more attention to the question of gender alignment than a nice, portable "ze".

I know you prefer to dodge the issue, but this implies a political side to the whole "ze" thing. What's wrong with binary opposition in this case?

Also, of course, H.I.R may in reality or on Barbelith not identify as male or female, in which case one could go on using "ze", conveniently enough.

Except that H.I.R. in reality is either a male or female. Why not expand beyond "ze" and create different pronouns for men identifying as women, women identifying as neither gender, hermaphrodites and so on?

Can I just ask Loz (god that feels strange) to explain why the fact that teaching 'factory workers in Detroit' to use ze would be difficult is a valid enough reason not to bother?

I have a hard time imagining the average person picking up "ze" and "hir" for everyday use. I just don't think it's going to happen. Pushing for it (especially when, as noted, other solutions are currently being used - we are "solving" something that isn't actually a problem) in light of this fact gives weight to some of the issues Dover Thrift is talking about.
 
 
Linus Dunce
15:36 / 19.11.02
Sorry to jump in under other interesting points but I've been delayed by my posting limit.

I fear I must hang fire on Ignatius until he is good enough to explain a) the difference between the phrase "a young lady" and "a young woman", assuming 40 or so years between them, and b) why the fact that "Ms" is not the same as "Miss" or "Mrs" has any actual impact on my contention - Head Shop, Ignatius...

Well, Haus, I'm at a loss as to why you had to "hang fire," as you put it, for clarification of these points. Why not just ask? But here we go, anyway.

I think you know that "lady" has a wheelbarrow-full of meanings that "woman" doesn't. And few to do with age. In much the same way as ze/hir has meanings that the singular they doesn't. Before you take issue with this comparison, please remember the use of the singular they predates modern gender politics.

And your "Ms" thing. No, it doesn't have much bearing on your contention -- if you pretend we are only talking about replacing he/she. But we're not. You know this.

And now it seems we are talking about ze/hir being useful in certain circumstances, on this board or in text. Forgive me, but I thought we were talking about its universal adoption. The previous thread was more specific, granted.

What now? I expect a Haus comeback, liberally decorated with the gratuitous rudeness he mistakes for style, along the lines of one or more of:

-I don't know what you mean. This is all your fault.
-You have just proven my point in some subtle way that only I can understand.
-You are a cry-baby who can't accept being wrong. My responses, however, are fecund seeds of wisdom that would have Plato working on a Sunday.

None of which actually address the argument. Head Shop, Haus ...
 
 
Haus about we all give each other a big lovely huggle?
16:58 / 19.11.02
In an attempt to blaze a trail here, I am going to keep a civil tongue in my head for the rest of this post. I suggest that the excitable kittens attempt to do likewise, involving subject though this clearly is.

Now, to the purpose.

I think you know that "lady" has a wheelbarrow-full of meanings that "woman" doesn't. And few to do with age.

Um...I meant the age of the term, not the age of the woman. Thus, an individual who would generally have been referred to as, say, a young lady, or a lady of the parish forty years ago would now more probably be referred to as a young woman; the term "lady" as the default term to describe what we would now generally call a woman is an archaism. Does that make the point clearer? Just as the term "velocipede" is no longer chosen to describe forms of transport powered by the rider's pedalling (although the bicycle and the velocipede are, as you correectly point out, not identical pieces of technology).

Now, "Ms" is not the same thing as "Mrs" or "Miss", in the sense that they are different words. However, were they applied to, say, a 68-year old man from Boise, Idaho, they would seem inappropriate. As a term, "Ms" can be applied to people who could also be appropriately described by "Miss" or "Mrs", although not by both simultaneously. Therefore, in one sense "Ms" does not appear to need to exist, as anybody who could be described as "Ms" could also be described as either Mrs or Miss.

(Incidentally, this is what I mean by "Head Shop, Ignatius..." It is traditional to explain your contention, rather than simply saying "No, that's not true. Frequently I do apparently not explain carefully enough, which this post is an attempt to correct)

However, at some point, just as at some point "lady" ceased to be considered a universally adequate descriptor for a female, at some point "Mrs" and "Miss" became not in themselves sufficient to describe the entirety of womanhood, divided between those who were married and those who were not. This may have been a consequence of the women's movement criticising the allocation of titles according to whether a person was married or not. It may also have been because, as women began to marry later or not at all, some were less happy about having a title which suggested youth and inexperience - whereas a man ceased to be a "Master" and became a "Mister" (the title "Master" falling largely into disuse) automatically, a 43-year old unmarried corporate lawyer might get a bit bored of having the same title as her friends' daughters. Also, the availability of divorce may have played a part - when very few people did divorce, it was less of an issue, but what do you call somebody who was married but is not anymore? If widowed, the answer would be "Mrs", I believe, but would the same rules apply to divorce?

So, these are all possible sources of the introduction of the term "Ms", which now functions as a title for women that does not tie into narratives of hebescence or ownership as "Miss" and "Mrs" might be perceived to. It is also, as it happens, a convenient way to address people if you do not know whether they would prefer to be referred to as "Miss", "Mrs" or "Ms", as it does not have the same weight as "Mrs" or "Miss".

"Ms" now exists, as an alternative to "Miss" or "Ms" which does not reference marital status, as it seems from your researches that "ze" does as an alternative to "he" or "she" that does not reference gender, whether that is because the gender of the subject gender is unclear or irrelevant to the person using the term (a sense that may overlap with the generic "they"), or because the subject does not feel that "he" or "she" adequately describes their relationship to gender, as some women might feel that they do not *want* to be known as Miss or Mrs because they do not feel that they satisafctorily describe their relationship with matrimony.

So, I wanted to hang fire until I understood why you had chosen to reject those examples. I'm afraid that I think you were not looking at the original statement diachronically, and as such your response did not seem to addresss my intended meaning. Clearly I was at fault for not making this clear enough, and I hope the explanation above makes things more comprehensible.

This hopefully also covers:

if you pretend we are only talking about replacing he/she. But we're not. You know this.

And now it seems we are talking about ze/hir being useful in certain circumstances, on this board or in text. Forgive me, but I thought we were talking about its universal adoption. The previous thread was more specific, granted.


I assume that the first sentence means "replacing the phrase 'he/she'", rather than "replacing the pronouns 'he' and 'she'", a truly momentous task. If so, then no. I would suggest that some might prefer an epicene pronoun aesthetically to "he/she", or might feel that it better describes a generic individual ("The passenger is reminded to keep a close eye on his/her personal belongings")whose gender is irrelevant, as it does not reference gender whereas "he/she" draws attention doubly to gender. However, I would suggest that there are other situations in which an epicene pronoun could also be useful, as stated above and no doubt restated below when I get onto LLBIMG.

Grant: I'm going to slip you in here because it ties in to some of the other uses; I did mention Merriam-Webster's notion of the notionally plural singular, and your example of the "singular 'they'" is in fact such a notionally plural entity - "everybody". A "singular 'they'" would follow a form more like "If I could find one person who knew how to dig wells, they would be worth their weight in gold" - where I would suggest "they" leaves the sense slightly dubious (wells being plural) and the epicene pronoun would actually be less confusing, but ultimately "they" seems a reasonable choice, especially in everyday speech where, as has been observed, epicene pronouns would probably take some getting used to in many cases.

Right, back to Ignatius:

And now it seems we are talking about ze/hir being useful in certain circumstances, on this board or in text. Forgive me, but I thought we were talking about its universal adoption. The previous thread was more specific, granted

Actually, this thread is more specific. It is guided by its topic abstract, which reads The use, or not, of coinings such as "ze" or "hir" in language, what it is intended to achieve and whether it is advisable or desirable. That, specifically, is what we are discussing. It seems perfectly likely that part of that discussion might be where it may be more or less advisable or desirable to use the epicene pronoun. LLBIMG is quite right, for example, to say that using it to a group of people, be they factory workers in Detroit or b) other, who do not use it, just as it would be unwise to use the word "rubicund" if you had a pretty good idea that the person you were talking to had no idea what it meant. This strikes me as entirely within the bounds of the topic abstract.

If you feel the topic abstract is incorrect, please contact a moderator- Head Shop mods can alter topic abstracts. I'd be happy to look at this myself.

Right. Let me just post this and see what else has cropped up since.
 
 
Haus about we all give each other a big lovely huggle?
17:38 / 19.11.02
OK, Todd, batter up:

Which is why I suspect that "ze" is going to be more useful in text than outside it. But nobody seems very interested in that idea.

Let me stop for a second - I'm having a difficult time separating to use of "ze" as (a) a personal pronoun used to refer to a non-specific person of indeterminate gender and (b) a personal pronoun used to refer to a person (or a textual manifestation of one) who is of a gender we don't know, or who doesn't refer to themselves (...) as belonging to either of the traditional biological genders (or traditional grammatical genders). Perhaps we need different words for these two different usages as well. Anyway,

(a) Seems to me a primarily politically motivated act, as there do exist grammatical ways to get around the situation. Again, I'm going to push the theory that it (in addition to "completing a unit of sense) it serves as a signifier pointing to the utterer as "educated and not sexist" with class connotations as applicable.


Perhaps so, but I don't think *necessarily* so. That is, I don't think there is anything about the epicene pronoun in usage (a) that *necessarily* communciates that. Because its usage is currently restricted, by and large, to people with an interest in gender issues and the spare time or money to read around the subject or to have gone through an educational process, it is probably a reasonably class-and-culturally specific word at present. Witness also the violent abreaction to it, which possibly ties into distrust of gender dimorphousness, education and certain political viewpoints or class positions.

However, as you say, the language already has a way to communicate a "generic singular". This actually reminds me a lot of the advice on splitting infinitives that I pulled up from the Use of English - avoid it unless the alternatives are confusing or grotesquely unpleasant (I will probably refer back to that advice later when responding to LLBIMG - note to me). That is to say, the grammarians who forbade the split infinitive were misguided, and there is a case for it in good English style. I would suggest that the role of those grammarians is in part being taken up by those who object to the epicene pronoun purely on the grounds that it is possible to get by without it. It is also possible to get by without ever splitting an infinitive, but that does not necessarily mean that the split infinitive should never be used. On an aesthetic level and a practical level, usage (a) might well find itself employed rarely, and then by people who might be trying to show how very inclusive and non-gender-fixated they are. Or it may just be being used by people who are very inclusive and non-gender-fixated. Without trotting out something along the lines of "PC people hold just the same opinions as us about women/immigration/homosexuals etc, but are afraid to say so", that is a conjecture that is as unprovable as it is unhelpful, there's no real way to see which is the case in general.

Presumably the best way to defuse the point of friction represented by it serves as a signifier pointing to the utterer as "educated and not sexist" with class connotations as applicable would be to spread its use as another linguistic option where "they" would be confusing or grotesque as enthusiastically as possible, so it would no longer be the province of those who wished to present themselves as educated and not sexist (or indeed those who were educated and not sexist - see above).

As for (b), since "they" is doing duty for the generic singular, the plural product of technically singular but notionally plural (e.g. everybody), the plural, and for both general opinion ("they say it will rain") and the powers that be ("they will be paving the road on Wednesday"), I imagine the epicene pronoun can cope with two uses, especially if one of them is deployed rarely, and the other primarily on the Internet, since as you say in most encounters IRL you may be able to guess, or at least politely inquire, as to the gender of your interlocutor.

Ironically, it is primarily when gender does not particularly matter that this allegedly highly gender-focused term will be deployed - I don't really care about discovering the gender of people on Barbelith; it usually becomes clear over time and if it does not I am perfectly happy to use the epicene pronoun as a safety measure.

There's an interesting question here about how the Internet, and BBSes and other chatting technologies, affect our relationships with gender and gender demarcation; for example, in an IRC chatroom it might seem perfectly appropriate to call our 68-year old man from Boise, Idaho "Miss", because he may be presenting as a 15-year old girl. What the gestalt of 68-year old man, who has physical existence but no existence within that chat room, and the 15-year-old girl who exists in that chat room but nowhere else, should be represented as pronominally is perhaps a question for another time. Rosanna Stone's quite good on this.

This usage seems to me to be a mere courtesy, though one that may be only applicable on the "interwebnet", as if I referred to someone I've just met who I suspect to be a transsexual as "ze", ze might take none too kindly to it (for any number of possible reasons).

Not sure I follow this, or rather why "ze" would be worse than any other terminology that misrepresented the gender of the party of the third part (as it were). As (I think) LLBIMG says elsewhere, you call transexuals "he" or "she" depending on how they identify, and it would be profoundly rude not to respect the effort somebody has put in getting to that pronoun by going deliberately for the epicene. On the other hand, somebody who feels themselves to belong to neither of the two genders generally represented by the English language might feel rather affronted to be called "him", "her" or "them", but feel that an epicene pronoun that represented either their (hir) involvement in or denial of the two standard gender constructs equally would suit rather well. It's another specialised usage, but potentially a rather handy one.

So, basically, the epicene pronoun becomes a pronoun to be used when, for reasons of gender, style or clarity, no other pronoun is appropriate. Much like any other pronoun, in fact. This, I would suggest, is a conclusion indpedent of how many people use it now or may use it in the future, or what the demographic of those who use it is, which is, I feel, although socially interesting somewhat ephemeral as a consideration; back in the day describing the cooked meat of a pig as "pork" marked you out as a toff, after all.
 
 
Linus Dunce
17:53 / 19.11.02
Marvellous post, Haus! The quantity alone deserves thanks.

So, am I right in thinking you agree ze/hir was intended to resolve a perceived gender issue in the English language and, given that there is a functioning alternative to he/she in the singular they, ze/hir is desirable to some people but not all on political grounds?

If so, do you think that, while ze/hir is useful for communication within the above context, its use outside will lead to a destructive balkanisation?
 
 
Haus about we all give each other a big lovely huggle?
18:34 / 19.11.02
I think that...hmmm...to tell you the truth, I'm not at all sure what I think, which is where I usually find myself after entering a discussion with a reasonably firm idea of what I believe.

I think "they" does perfectly well in a lot of contexts. In others, an epicene pronoun might be a very good idea. I would ask whether, by "political grounds", you mean the Todd idea of demonstrating that they are "educated and not sexist" (which strikes me as not so much political as personal, or interpersonal, but might be seen as declaring membership of an educated, non-sexist polity), or the political aim of providing linguistic structures for people whose gender alignment is not adequately represented by "he" or "she", and who find "they" or "them" dehumanising, demeaning or otherwise inappropriate (which would be a form of gender politics, I guess, as well as politeness). Because possibly both are the case (I cannot speak for the motivations of everyone who uses the term - see my response to Todd), along with the non-political aim of streamlining descriptions of people whose gender is indeterminate (see the end of my response to Todd re: gender on the Internet). The main question mark seems to be over whether an epicene pronoun is useful for people whose gender is irrelevant to their role in the act of speech or writing (for example the traveller being enjoined to check their luggage, or our ill-fated clown, both of whom might be at any given moment a he or a she, if you ze what I mean).
 
 
Haus about we all give each other a big lovely huggle?
18:34 / 19.11.02
Right, LLBIMG:

Some of us think "ze" sounds silly, while others object to the self-congratulatory implication of its usage. I don't think a need for a new pronoun has been demonstrated.

See above, really.

Listeners may note that I am using the term "the epicene pronoun" rather than "ze" at present. This is partly because I am goign to call my first pub The Epicene Pronoun, and partly because the topic abstract talks about "coinings such as ze and hir". There have been all sorts of attempts to create an epicene pronoun set, none fo which have achieved critical mass. As such, "ze" may well fall by the wayside and another epicene pronoun come along in a few year's time that supplants it and becomes a part of popular usage that sounds less "silly", and perhaps so much less silly that it takes root in the English language as firmly as "Ms" or "gay" have. Think VHS and Betamax. Therefore, how some of us feel about how the specific word "ze" sounds is at best a side-discussion.

For the self-congratulatory nature (I would note that it is again apparently assumed that the best way to make the epicene pronoun less "elitist" is to try to minimise rather than popularise its usage, which i find an interesting paradox), see my response to Todd, above. I think it is quite true that the usage of the epicene pronoun is limited at present, and am happy to concede that the environments in which it is used are probably fairly specific; this is why I find Jack Fear, who has perhaps sensibly stayed well clear of this discussion, interesting. He is the only person so far to have claimed to use "hir" in everyday conversation, but to my knowledge he occupies none of the queer, gender-studies educated, self-consciously iconclastic or other groups that Lawrence seems to be citing as reasons why the epicene pronoun is unnecessary.

As to its necessity - well, I imagine that depends on what you want to use it for (which is still under discussion), and how often you are likely to come into contact with situations which fit those needs. If you do not want to use it at all, and thus are unlikely to encounter situations where you are forced to against your will, then I certainly admit that the epicene pronoun has little to offer you. It's a judgement call.

I know you prefer to dodge the issue, but this implies a political side to the whole "ze" thing. What's wrong with binary opposition in this case?

Please try to be civil, Lawrence. Unedifying spats like the one above only drive people away from threads and reflect well on nobody. If you would like to be abusive for therapeutic purposes, as I say, be so good as to PM me.

As I hope to have made clear, what I meant was that *if* you are not at all interested in gender issues, *then* you may be glad of a pronoun that references neither gender, rather than being stuck with "he or she", which references both and thus raises the issue of gender even more than a simple, elegant "he" or "she", used irrespective of the gender of the subject. It's a conditional.

Speaking as one who *is* interested in gender, it wouldn't be a big thing for me, and the counter is of course that by eliding gender an epicene pronoun only draws yet further attention to it, because we expect our pronouns to come with a preset gender, which is why, after all, "they" had to be pressed into service in the first place.

Why not expand beyond "ze" and create different pronouns for men identifying as women, women identifying as neither gender, hermaphrodites and so on?

Well, see the discussion with Todd, really. Why bother? I think you're confusing biological sex and gender here. So, if you believe that people's gender always matches their biological sex and any belief otherwise is just nonsense, then you would call somebody born biologically male "he", whether that somebody identified as a man or a woman, and on the bright side you'd be right more often than you were wrong. If you believe that people's gender is a construct built on and around, but also capable of functioning (or more correctly performing) at odds to their biological sex, then you would call somebody born biologically male "he" or "she", depending upon how they represented their gender. Making sense so far?

So, a man identifying as a woman (or, to be exact, a male identifying as a woman - a useful distinction to draw) would get "he" or "she", depending on the attitude of (what I would call) her narrator. Likewise, people who are physically hermaphroditic tend to represent either as man or woman, and thus would presumably be "he" or "she", unless they were not so representing (see below), or the narrator were really intent on causing offence.

However, as I mentioned in my response to Todd above, an epicene pronoun could well be useful for individuals who slip through the net represented by the bipolar gender division of our current "he/she" system. For example, your woman (that is to say, presumably, female) who identifies neither as man nor woman, or a hermaphrodite who did not want to represent as wholly man or woman. An epicene pronoun, it occurs to me, might be a more palatable alternative to being referred to as "them". This is going to be a minority application, but possibly quite a useful one for people who are ill-served by the pronouns curently available, who are becoming either more numerous or more visible, which I suspect is one reason why the epicine pronoun appears to be developing as a concept at least a greater critical mass than previously, albeit probably not among the factory workers in Detroit. However, this does not necessarily invalidate the desirability of an epicene pronoun for specialised usage, which may be a possible incarnation of the need Lawrence does not believe has been demonstrated.
 
 
some guy
19:42 / 19.11.02
I know you prefer to dodge the issue, but this implies a political side to the whole "ze" thing. What's wrong with binary opposition in this case?
Please try to be civil, Lawrence. Unedifying spats like the one above only drive people away from threads and reflect well on nobody.


A fascinating response from one who calls fellow posters "excitable kittens" in a self-confessed attempt at civility. You do seem to be going awfully far out of your way to dance around the political nature of creating gender-neutral pronouns, but I suppose that's just traditional Haus arguing for argument's sake.

Speaking as one who *is* interested in gender, it wouldn't be a big thing for me, and the counter is of course that by eliding gender an epicene pronoun only draws yet further attention to it, because we expect our pronouns to come with a preset gender, which is why, after all, "they" had to be pressed into service in the first place.

It's a good counter, too, one I'm not sure how to deal with. It is this that makes any such new pronoun inherently political, especially as we have (admittedly clumsy) ways around the situation already. It also strikes me that an epicene pronoun is the product of extreme pedentry, in that the example you cite ("worth their weight in gold") is not actually confusing thanks to context.

I think you're confusing biological sex and gender here.

I'm not - but you are assuming pronouns should refer to identified gender rather than biological sex, which is another discussion altogether.

And how do you identify as neither man nor woman, the odd hermaphrodite aside? A female who identifies as neither is still a female, presumably.

Are you suggesting that the language should be modified out of courtesy? Is the crux of your championship for "ze" purely that it's more aesthetically pleasing to you personally than the currently available options?
 
 
Linus Dunce
20:14 / 19.11.02
The case of "Ms," I think, could do with further examination on this thread.

I remember in the UK of the 1970s (I was of course so very young) letters arriving on the doorstep addressed to "[My dad's name], Esq." Similarly, TV shows from that era and before often referred to characters by titles -- Mr Mainwaring, Miss Jones, etc. or possibly just by surname for the males -- in a way they no longer do. I'm guessing, therefore, we don't use titles as much as we did. Now, part of me thinks that the introduction of "Ms" was an expression of this low-level and unfinished democratisation, however a bigger part of me wonders whether the dropping of titles was in part due to the intro of Ms. Universally using names and surnames was an easy way around using the unfamiliar, loaded and possibly unwanted title, and so the practise took off.

Perhaps then the increased formalisation of the use of the singular they is because of the emergence of the unfamiliar, loaded and possibly unwanted ze/hir and its variants. Now, the singular they doesn't suit everyone as we've established, but the introduction of ze/hir has perhaps then had a knock-on effect in the world of Joe Blow. In this way then, its intro has been desirable even amongst those who wouldn't themselves use it! Obviously I don't ask everyone to be grateful for such small mercies, and like the best theories it's based on conjecture, but what do you think?
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
20:17 / 19.11.02
I'm not going to get into the civility thing. Ignatius and Todd and I, I hope, can continue to get along like little snugglebugs. Lawrence, I think, relies on annoying and insulting his interlocutors in the hopes that it will rattle them enough that they leave an opening. it's not very endearing, but I see little profit in engaging in a debate over whether contributing a small book addressing each of the last three posters' points issue by issue constitutes "dancing about". So, to the issues.

And how do you identify as neither man nor woman, the odd hermaphrodite aside? A female who identifies as neither is still a female, presumably.

Right. You very clearly are confusing sex and gender here, and are indeed so confused that you do not actually understand what you are confusing. Which is fine. Let's go through slowly.

Male and female - these are references to the physiological composition of an animal. Humans can be male or female. So can pigs, cats, Siamese fighting fish.

Man and woman - social constructs associated with and built from physiological gender and the relationship to it. Cats cannot be men or women. Nor can pigs. Nor can siamese fighting fish.

Do you see? Therefore, a *female* human being will generally be expected to identify as a *woman*. But a female human being who identifies neither as man or woman will, although female, not therefore necessarily be a *woman*. Is this genuinely a new concept? Because it's going to need another thread, if it is...

Therefore, a hermaphrodite, who possesses physiological elements of both *male* and *female*, might decide to identify as a man, a woman, or neither. Sex is hardwired, gender performative.

Just to clear up a few of the usual misapprehensions:

I am not championing "ze". As usual, I must ask you to read the thread, Lawrence. At the very least try to read my response to your own questions. Specifically, try reading this:

Listeners may note that I am using the term "the epicene pronoun" rather than "ze" at present. This is partly because I am going to call my first pub The Epicene Pronoun, and partly because the topic abstract talks about "coinings such as ze and hir". There have been all sorts of attempts to create an epicene pronoun set, none of which have achieved critical mass. As such, "ze" may well fall by the wayside and another epicene pronoun come along in a few years' time that supplants it and becomes a part of popular usage that sounds less "silly", and perhaps so much less silly that it takes root in the English language as firmly as "Ms" or "gay" have. Think VHS and Betamax. Therefore, how some of us feel about how the specific word "ze" sounds is at best a side-discussion.

I am proposing the possible usefulness of an epicene pronoun, which may or may not be "ze", and may or may not sound "silly", to my ears, to your ears, or to anyone else's ears. Gosh. Did I say that the word "ze"'s qualities were at best a side-discussion? I do believe I did. This is not the only reason why people become short-tempered with you, Lawrence, but it is *a* reason. Read.

Pedantry is, as has been mentioned, a very lame accusation indeed. One man (or woman's) pedantry is another man (or woman's) correctness. Again, if you had actually read the passage:

A "singular 'they'" would follow a form more like "If I could find one person who knew how to dig wells, they would be worth their weight in gold" - where I would suggest "they" leaves the sense slightly dubious (wells being plural) and the epicene pronoun would actually be less confusing, but ultimately "they" seems a reasonable choice, especially in everyday speech where, as has been observed, epicene pronouns would probably take some getting used to in many cases.

You might have noticed the phrase "ultimately 'they' seems a reasonable choice". Read. This is not an argument for the epicene pronoun. If you would like to know where I believe the epicene pronoun might be more useful...well, golly. There appears to be a post *directly above your last one*. That seems to contain some fixin's. If you are going to make this into one of your little adversarial contests, maybe you should read it. Read.

I'm sorry, chaps. I tried, really I did. But that level of malicious or just lazy misreading is almost impossible to smile through. If Lawrence actually does read what has been written and not force me to waste my time cutting and pasting my own words, I promise to be more polite.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
20:29 / 19.11.02
Obviously I don't ask everyone to be grateful for such small mercies, and like the best theories it's based on conjecture, but what do you think?

Hmmm....it's possible, but I think that without more information on both the introduction of Ms. and the epicene pronoun (which has, as I mentioned, been proposed in various forms for about 200 years now - certainly long before political correctness got even slightly eccentric) it is pure speculation.

Also, I'm not sure that the singular "they" *is* being formalised. It is just being *used*, which is a different thing entirely. It's being used because there is a real or imagined pressure not to apply gendered (specifically, in fact, masculine) pronouns to people whose gender is not set (i.e., the recipient of the message/subject of the document or other may be male or female). So, in that sense, the singular "they" is a gender-neutral pronoun, albeit a rather ugly and clunky one, and everybody wins. Although it still leaves all the other applications for the epicene pronoun that "they" does not really cover very comfortably, as they are dealing with specific individuals of indeterminate or complex gender...
 
 
Linus Dunce
20:50 / 19.11.02
Haus --

Yup, my theory is based purely on anecdotal evidence. I pulled it out of my ass. But I don't think the language reformers of 200 years ago had the resources, voice or visibilty of advocate groups of today, so I'm going to allow myself the right to periodicise.

I can say for sure though that singular they is being formalised in academia (though I imagine not so much in gender studies departments) and by people who teach business communication.

I'm spent now. Let's all go down The Epicene for a pint of bir. :-)
 
 
some guy
21:25 / 19.11.02
Lawrence, I think, relies on annoying and insulting his interlocutors in the hopes that it will rattle them enough that they leave an opening.

Please feel free to point out exactly where I insulted you, and why the many seeming insults you have flung to me, Ingatius and others somehow don't matter.

And how do you identify as neither man nor woman, the odd hermaphrodite aside? A female who identifies as neither is still a female, presumably.
Right. You very clearly are confusing sex and gender here


No, I am not. How precisely can a person identify as neither man nor woman? What would this entail exactly? What is this third (or indeed fourth etc) gender? If I identify as a kitten, I don't need a new pronoun for that. (It also doesn't in fact make me a kitten, although that's a different thread.)

I am not championing "ze". As usual, I must ask you to read the thread, Lawrence.

Yes, you do move away from championing "ze" after a while. I note that you use "ze" in many of your posts in other threads, however, so it's a bit disingenuous to claim indifference now.

Did I say that the word "ze"'s qualities were at best a side-discussion?

You did, but of course not before criticizing the aesthetic qualities of the currently used alternatives. Those qualities didn't seem "at best a side-discussion" then.

that level of malicious or just lazy misreading is almost impossible to smile through.

pot + kettle = black
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
21:38 / 19.11.02
a) Clearly this is beyond my powers. Read Judith Butler. And maybe Kate Bornstein.

b) See my conversation with Todd, passim, for the use of "ze" on Barbelith. Consider also that an epicine pronoun may be better than no epicine pronoun at all.

c) See pretty much everything I have said over the past three pages. Read.

d) Bored now. Not going to get any sense out of Lawrence, who has gone into his "spiral of ever shorter and more pointless rejoinders" mode (d'you see my witty parody above? Which itself functions as an eye-rolling copping to the kettle kriticism? Damn, I'm winsome), and everyone else is apparently in bed. I'll see if I can rustle up some other viewpoints.
 
 
Jack Fear
22:30 / 19.11.02
Day late and a dollar short, here...

Jack Fear, who has perhaps sensibly stayed well clear of this discussion, interesting. He is the only person so far to have claimed to use "hir" in everyday conversation, but to my knowledge he occupies none of the queer, gender-studies educated, self-consciously iconclastic or other groups that Lawrence seems to be citing as reasons why the epicene pronoun is unnecessary.

Absolutely. And I tend to use it apolitically--that is, in conversations where questions of gender identity are not central, but rather in situations where you've got a single subject of indeterminate gender--i.e., in situations where one would generally use the "he or she" construction.

I don't use "ze" either in text or speech, preferring "s/he" in text and "he or she" in speech (though I will, will someone who knows me very well, occasionally make a sound something along the lines of "shuh-hee" to indicate the indeterminacy): Instead, it'll be If an attorney think that he or she is entitled to my respect, that's hir own damned problem.

For me it's got nothing to do with identity or gender politics, and everything with subject/object agreement. Say what thou wilt about my politics, but I will cop to being a grammatical conservative.
 
 
Jack Fear
22:35 / 19.11.02
(BTW, on another board I frequent--where the intellectual atmosphere isn't quite as, ahh, rarefied as it can get here, I just saw "hir" used in reference to ex-Bond girl and MTF transsexual Tula Cossey... and used by a fellow I would never peg as owning a copy of My Gender Workbook. It's a question of practicality, methinks.)
 
 
rakehell
23:08 / 19.11.02
For those wondering about the sets of pronouns the two most commonly used are "sie, hir, hir, hirs, hirself" and "zie, zir, zir, zirs, zirself".

For those asking why we can't use "they" or "one" or "it", find a long paragraph - or page - of fiction and replace all instances of he/she his/hers with the appropriate word from one of the other sets. It quickly becomes apparent that they/one/it read akwardly and often confusingly - especially in the case of "it".
 
 
Nietzsch E. Coyote
23:21 / 19.11.02
Honestly I am suprised no one has linked to this site yet, Footnotes: Pronouns.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
23:42 / 19.11.02
That is rather good - and reminded me of something that came up in conversation; the way MOOs can play with gender and pronouns. One MOO had Splats and Spivaks (purely coincidentally; it was the name of one of the programmers), but I can't for the life of me recall the pronominal usage...anyone?
 
 
w1rebaby
23:48 / 19.11.02
On reflection I am moving a little further towards Epicine pronouns (sounds like a type of fossil to me, but anyway) of some sort - I still don't like "ze" but that's a stylistic thing - on the grounds that the singular they is rather impersonal. If I was referring to someone whose gender status was defined but not male or female, then to use "they" would be to put them on the same status as someone of undetermined gender. Which might be considered a little rude.

The problem with this becoming a recognised part of English usage is of course that this is a pretty rare situation in the most part. I don't come across many people that I know who are not fairly solidly male-defined or female-defined. It would be nice to have a word for when I do, sure, but getting it part of the general usage is dependent on the concept of gender not male or female being part of the general perception of things, which, let's face it, it isn't.
 
 
Jack Fear
00:08 / 20.11.02
But (he said, flogging a dead horse) the construction is useful in many situations other than referring to a particular person of indeterminate gender (see also: It's Pat): it's also phenomenally useful when referring to a hypothetical or unknown person: "The candidate for this position should be able to present hirself well." "The person who did this really knows what ze's doing."

The political nature is secondary to simple subject-pronoun agreement. Proper grammatical usage is, for me, is the bottom line here, and I find all these arguments approaching the situation from a gender-politics angle to be faintly amusing.
 
 
w1rebaby
00:19 / 20.11.02
For indeterminate as opposed to determinate-but-non-standard gender, I've got no problem with continuing to use "their", like I do now, and in fact I'd choose not to use hir/ze/whatever. The impersonality seems to be appropriate and I don't think there's any real problem with it grammatically. Reference of pronouns is always a bit confusing but I don't consider this much of an extra burden.

I'm really just concerned that by using "their" you'd be dismissing anyone who didn't define as male or female as being undetermined.

(There's a Switchboard thread by Ria about tomorrow's Day Of Remembrance for transgendered people killed because of it, and I note that they just use gendered pronouns and "their". Not claiming this as justification, just an observation.)
 
 
Jack Fear
00:51 / 20.11.02
...I don't think there's any real problem with it grammatically.

Except, of course, that it's, you know, grammatically wrong.

And if you don't see that, or don't see the importance of it, then perhaps, as Haus implied, I am wiser in avoiding this thread entirely.
 
 
w1rebaby
01:02 / 20.11.02
No. I disagree. I don't think it's wrong at all, and I think my POV is justified by prior use. I disagree with you on the grammatical role of that particular pronoun.

Let's have a fight.
 
 
Jack Fear
01:17 / 20.11.02
"Prior usage" does not a valid argument make: by that reasoning, you'd have to say that ain't, y'all, so didn't I, and I could care less are correct. They're all commonly used.

By those same lights, then independant, alright, straightjacket and hillarious must be correct. And Vince Deigan must have two pseudonyms, "Frank Quitely" and "Frank Quietly." I see that one all over the Internet, so it's got the "prior usage" argument covered—the hell with what Vince Deigan himself says.

Your parents were right: "Everybody's doing it" is a bullshit excuse. If everyone (singular subject) jumped off a bridge, would you jump off after hir?
 
 
Lurid Archive
01:30 / 20.11.02
But language and, in particular, grammar evolve through popular usage, so it isn't entirely invalid either. In fact, aren't there studies showing that slang, despite being regarded as loose, can sometimes have a consistent grammar?

All of which is to ask that if we are going to talk about additions and modifications to language, how pertinent are appeals to correctness?

BTW - I've never used "ze" or "hir" but like fridge I am starting to come round to the idea. I am perplexed by the strength of reaction to it, but then I am rarely bothered by bad spelling or grammar as long as I can make sense of what is said.
 
 
w1rebaby
01:30 / 20.11.02
"ain't", "y'all" and "I could care less" are correct in their appropriate dialects. If I were to say "y'all" somehow out of the context of putting on a bad accent, then it would be wrong. I don't know about "so didn't I", I've never heard it used. Are dialects incorrect?

Are you really, truly claiming that the centuries-old usage of what is often called a plural pronoun but which in fact has both singular and plural usages is less "correct" than using "ze"? Who, precisely, defined what the correct usage of "their" was, and when, and how come so many people use it differently?

The boundary of what is "correct" and "incorrect" might be a bit loose but I'm completely sure that the singular use of "their" is acceptable in this context, and thus correct by any reasonable definition of the word.
 
 
01
05:38 / 20.11.02
I don't see what all the fuss is about. Men are obviously better than women.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
08:40 / 20.11.02
Well, in terms of pronouns, for a long time this was true, hence the claims advanced for the "gender-neutral he", which I think is probably in terms of usage a bit of a busted flush these days, however grammatically correct its proponents may argue it is. However.

Fridge and Jack have opened up a very interesting question, that of legitimacy. Jack believes that the usage of "they" as a singular, despite precedence, is fundamentally not legitimate, as it conflicts with the standard usage of the word, and thus creates grammatical confusion. Fridge seems to be arguing that popular usage creates legitimacy (although I think the dialect thing is a bit of a red herring....ooooh - unless! Remind me of that in a second, brain).

Certainly, popular usage creates *comprehensibility*, and the major thing that singular "they" has going for it is that most people recognise it. This is certainly where I find my locus of difficulty. I don't much like "they" on a purely aesthetic level - over any length of paragraph, it becomes gratingly artificial, and, as Jack seems to suggest, if you are using "they" as a singular, you really have to start saying "they is/was/does" to maintain clinguistic consistency - rather as "fish" can be singular or plural, but demands grammatical agreement. What Fridge and others are advancing is in fact not "singular they" but "plural they with singular meaning", just as at the moment, to quote myself quoting Thomson and Martinet (hee!):

They is used as subject only. They can mean "people":

they say = people say, it is said

They say it is going to be a cold winter.

They can also mean "the authority concerned", i.e. the government/local council/one's employers/the police etc.

they want to make this a one-way street


Now, Merriam-Webster, as of about 1973, I think, admitted the possibility of the notional plural, which would make "they" with a plural usage permissible (at least if you are American, and keen on Merriam and Webster) after "everyone", "everybody", and a finitude of other, similar terms - thus "everybody is free to do what they want" good, "the passenger is free to do what they want" not, but instead "the passenger is free to do what they wants", which shows up the danger of appropriating an existing term.

So, question 1 is whether "they" can be adopted with plural grammar but singular menaing, question 2 probably being whether "they" with sinuglar usage is too ugly and confusing to live (my vote? A big yes). "They" with plural grammar but singular usage may, if you are not too fussy about such things, work as a generic singular, but in certain situations may be confusing or inappropriate; in particular in the case of long passages dealing with multiple uses of "they", and specific individuals with ambiguous or non-standard gender alignment. Whether people with ambiguous or non-standard gender alignment need their own pronoun (Uncle Friedrich's link above suggests that ze/hir is no good as a gender-neutral generic because it has come to describe people of a or n-s gender, which I am not sure is in itself a problem, as, as has been pointed out, confusing the use of the generic with the use of an epicene pronoun describing a person of a or n-s gender is unlikely to crop up too often and be fairly clear when it does).

Personally, I tend to think that rules of grammar are there to safeguard comprehensibility rather than to function as solids. Thus, as I would not use casual abbreviation through apostrophe in formal text, I would probably also steer away from plural they with singular meaning, because it seems inappropriate, as would, conveniently enough, y'all, so didn't I and I could care less. This may be because of my own ingrained assumption that formal text should not be dialectic, or rather should function in a particular dialect, that of formal English. I might use it in informal text, or in speech, where I will also at times use bits of the dialect of my childhood in the East Midlands. So, it functions, as Fridge suggests, as dialect, but in that case should presumably be bound by the same rules as dialect.

On the other hand, maybe the epicene pronoun is actually designed as a piece of dialect, or more correctly as a piece of "professional language". That is, in the same way that some trading guilds used to have a special dialect designed to make overheard conversations more difficult to eavesdrop, and a doctor, lawyer, engineer or sub-editor (say) will have access to and need of a number of specialised terms. Possibly the epicene pronoun is a specialised term for people working in areas where gender needs either to be elided or suspended a lot; gender theory, trans theory, other related disciplines. However, once the tool is in the language, it does seem liek quite a handy tool to have, certainly for people of a or n-s gender, and arguably as a convenient generic singular.

Interesting indeed to see how passionate people get about this, and how their motivations are justified. Jack and I appear to be coming at it from pretty much opposite directions, as it happens - my interest is primarily gender, his primarily grammar. I am intrigued by the fact that on at least one occasion it was opposed on aesthetic grounds, which objection continued even after it was pointed out that there has not actually been any conclusion on what the epicene pronoun should look or sound like (possibly to some extent my fault for introducing ze/hir at all, even in the phrase "coinings like ze and hir", as skim-reading might give a deceptive impression)...
 
 
Ethan Hawke
13:04 / 20.11.02
I've got some more thoughts on this, and I'm struggling through formulating a Steven Pinker-esque argument against the adoption of an epicene pronoun*.

Another problem I see with adopting an epicene pronoun for use about individuals who for some reason don't fall under the male/female binary is that there are many, many ways not to fall under that binary. For example, should the same pronoun be used for pre-op MTFs (those who don't explicitly choose to identify as female, of course), pre-op FTMs, FTMs who have no intention of getting the "op", hermaphrodites, etc. etc. An epicene pronoun wouldn't communicate very much information at all about whom it is used - and the differences between the individuals who would fall under our mooted "ze" may be important.

Put another way - is it right to lump all these individuals together under a category that's basically a glorified "none of the above"? Does adding one epicene pronoun set to the language solve the problem of referring to the...differently gendered (the fact that I'm having a difficult time coming up with a positively defined term to describe the individuals who would theoretically be referenced by an epicene pronouns may be telling. "Epicene-Americans?" he asks, facetiously.) ...in a meaningful and informative way? An epicene pronoun seems not to clarify or complete a "sense unit" but to make it even more ambiguous.

(on my part, I'm ambivalent about this issue, really. I've used "ze" and "hir" in the past on Barbelith (mostly because, to me, it's "Barbelith Style"), and have cetainly done the Jack Fear "shuh-hee" thing in spoken conversation. I'm enjoying poking at the issue from different angles, though)

*It goes a little something like this - language evolves through a natural-selection-esque process, selecting the most economical solution to a problem of expression that is also redundant enough to preserve meaning. The epicene pronoun issue must have come up before, and most languages seem to have "selected" the use of a gendered (masculine) pronoun to signify a person of non-specific gender. The problems are that I'm trying to do this without claiming too much for the theory, and I'm also trying come up with an explanation that denies possible "political" (the sexism of entrenched power) explanations for this evolution. But don't shoot holes in this yet, until I formulate it...if you'd like to help me, however...
 
  

Page: 12(3)45

 
  
Add Your Reply