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Questions and Answers - Part 3

 
  

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P. Horus Rhacoid
17:13 / 14.11.05
Can anyone explain to me how the differences between 'formal' use of silverware in the US and UK came about? I'm thinking specifically of the use of knives and forks for cutting- in the US people seem to hold the fork one way while cutting with the knife, then switch the fork to the dominant hand and switch the grip to put food in the mouth. In Britain apparently it's more common to put food in the mouth without changing how the fork is held. Why is this? I assume they just evolved differently after the American Revolution, but why? What determined how people used their silverware?
 
 
Olulabelle
20:02 / 14.11.05
Americans put their knives down, whilst the English don't. Maybe it's because the Americans had more food than us and so could afford to take their time, or maybe it's to free the other hand up for holding a beer...

In England left handed people used to have their left hands tied behind their backs in order to persuade them to be right handed. So perhaps lots of left handed people who ate right handed went to America as pilgrims, and when they got there decided to start favouring their left hand again because no-one was around to tell them off?

Note: this is probably not the answer.
 
 
Lilly Nowhere Late
20:10 / 14.11.05
Good question Fear of Mueseli! I've always wondered this. I did notice last time I was in amerika that a lot of people in restaurants were eating the brit way but didn't actually find out where they were from. This made me think it was perhaps only my people who put their knives down. I do try not to now that I live in London, but it's just not really possilbe all the time.
 
 
Phex: Dorset Doom
22:56 / 14.11.05
Just to check in on the dog situation: she's not doing any better, and in fact is probably worse.
Ibis: I did google NILIF and I did follow it to the letter, and when she's inside she'll do as she's told 100% of the time. When she's outside she won't do a single thing, in fact she won't even look at me if I call her name, she just seems transfixed by the traffic (there's a fairly busy road we have to cross to get to the Uni' campus where I'm walking her) and especially cyclists, other dogs and joggers, who she'll growl and bark at from sometimes as far as 100 meters away. She will snap and bite at any and all pedestrians that go within fifteen meters.
Obedience school is still definitely an option, but it would be difficult: the dog, technically speaking, belongs to my roommate, who is out a lot during the times that she needs to be fed and walked so that tends to be my job. Also, seeing as I don't have a car I wouldn't be able to get her to obedience school. It'd be a hassle, but would it be worth it?
 
 
whothehell@where?
23:55 / 14.11.05
forks and knives are ridiculous, opposable thumbs and kanines are all you need

kanines ... canines, should be kicked, never punched, when disobedient, to avoid hand-shy-ness, careful not to break a rib

fix the tv, dvd players are only, like, $40, brand new

can you overuse the comma?
 
 
Smoothly
00:02 / 15.11.05
Yeah, you can. But then, in my opinion, you overuse every single key on the keyboard.
 
 
whothehell@where?
00:04 / 15.11.05
i'd love to hear this theory of co-overuse

or perhaps just read it
 
 
ibis the being
00:46 / 15.11.05
Ibis: I did google NILIF and I did follow it to the letter, and when she's inside she'll do as she's told 100% of the time. When she's outside she won't do a single thing, in fact she won't even look at me if I call her name

Just to be clear, this may not be an obedience issue but a temperament issue - ie, she's not being defiant. You say she seems "transfixed" - she probably is. There was an experiment done with cats where machines measured their brains' registering the sound of a bell. Then mice were introduced as stimuli to see whether the cats would hear both but ignore the bell. In fact they literally did not HEAR the bell when the mice were present.

In a situation where outside stimuli are more interesting than you are, you have to be more insistent about catching her attention. When she's in that highly aroused state, without scaring or hurting her, tap her on the butt to get her attention while calling her name again. Watch her for any sign that she hears you - flicks her ear, or shuffles her feet. Any time she acknowledges you, even by moving in your direction, praise her and give her a treat. You have to work at it, over an over, every day for a long time. I should go into more detail but this would become a dog training thread. PM me if you want a detailed exercise.

she just seems transfixed by the traffic (there's a fairly busy road we have to cross to get to the Uni' campus where I'm walking her) and especially cyclists, other dogs and joggers, who she'll growl and bark at from sometimes as far as 100 meters away. She will snap and bite at any and all pedestrians that go within fifteen meters.

You didn't say how old she was when you/your roommate got her, but this sounds like poor socialization. Unfortunately once the dog is past the puppy age, you're out of the optimum socialization window and forced to just manage the behavior. However, establishing a good relationship with the dog and training it well can help a lot.

Obedience school is still definitely an option, but it would be difficult: the dog, technically speaking, belongs to my roommate, who is out a lot during the times that she needs to be fed and walked so that tends to be my job. Also, seeing as I don't have a car I wouldn't be able to get her to obedience school. It'd be a hassle, but would it be worth it?

Yes, DEFINITELY. In my opinion "obedience" school is a must, not a luxury. The number one cause of death for dogs is behavior, ie being put to sleep for "bad" behavior. And the main reason for bad behavior is lack of training.

The way I see the plight of the dog is this - imagine you are airlifted into a remote village in another country. You don't know the language nor the customs, and as it happens a lot of the behaviors that were normal in your culture - shaking hands, hugging, laughing - are deeply irritating and even gravely offensive to the natives here. Of course you only find that out by doing things wrong - but they don't explain anything to you, they just think you're being rude. They try to teach you how to behave by hitting and yelling at you, but you still don't understand anything. And if you haven't "shaped up" in a few months, you might have to die by lethal injection.

Like I said, I'm a leeeeetle bit overly passionate on this subject.
 
 
Lilly Nowhere Late
06:19 / 15.11.05
Another bit about the dog. When you are outside with the dog do you have her favourite most smelly treats to entice her to notice you/respond to commands? My old dog trainer swore that boiled hotdogs, cut up into little discs and kept on your person(line a pocket or pouch with a ziplock baggie) were the best thing. You should have them available where the dog is aware of them at all times when outdoors. Also try doing a training routine with her out in the open where she seems to have difficulty. For example on the campus of the uni where you are walking. Obviously not by the road. You will have to do it over and over but she will probably start to respond, especially to the treats. Also spend some time just sitting around with her in public open places. Let her carry on as she will with no interference from you for 10 minutes or so per session and then just get up and go back home as casually as if you were on your own. This is best done at the end of a walk or exercise. It lets the dog start to understand that you are not afraid of people/traffic/cyclists etc. Also take a snack for yourself and eat while sitting about watching the world go by in disinterest. She'll be likely to relax at least somewhat pretty soon but it really has to be about constant reinforcement.
I also think it is pretty important that the actual owner of the dog gets in on the care and training. It does confuse a dog to be share owned/cared for. This is why sending a dog away to be trained is not very effective. It's ok for more than one person to do training/feeding/discipline/affection but it is not good if one person does some and another person does not. Pack consistency, the dog knowing that you and its owner are expecting the same things of it and reacting the same ways to stimuli like joggers/cyclists is of utmost importance.
On the inconvenience of training, try calling every dog trainer you can find and ask them about coming to your place for student rate fees. Most will say no but someone will respond or at least refer you. Again, training works better anyway in the dog's regular environment and with all it's carers present.
Soon Ibis and I will have to make our own dog training forum, nevermind just a thread.
 
 
Lilly Nowhere Late
15:39 / 15.11.05
And back to the forking forks...I do use my right hand for forking and knifing but just don't use my left hand much at all. So it isn't just a left hand thing. Had to check today while eating, btw.
 
 
grant
19:15 / 15.11.05
Fork and knife habits were a frequent topic of conversation in my family, since all of us ate differently (mother=right-handed German, father=left-handed British South African, kids=American).

There's a rather interesting bit of historical speculation on this etiquette page.

They call the "American" method (which we children were taught to shun) the "zig-zag style," and say: By American custom, which was brought about partly by the late introduction of the fork into the culture, all three utensils are intended for use primarily with the right hand, which is the more capable hand for most people.

Of the Continental style, they go on to explain: According to this method, the fork is held continuously in the left hand and used for eating. When food must be cut, the fork is used exactly as in the American style, except that once the bite has been separated from the whole, it is conveyed directly to the mouth on the downward-facing fork.

I eat like this, only backwards -- fork never leaves my right hand. I may have been mirroring my father when learning to do this, but I don't know. The only people I've known to do the hand-switching thing were from "up north" -- like Ohio and places like that.
 
 
Kit-Cat Club
10:48 / 16.11.05
Is 'instinctual' a word?
 
 
matthew.
12:55 / 16.11.05
Two questions relating to science:

1) What is the deal with ocean pressure? Why is it when you swim to the bottom of a lake you feel nothing, but if you were to swim to the bottom of an ocean you'd crumple into a singularity? What causes the ocean to crush you? (I've always had a hazy understanding of this: the weight of the water, but I still don't get it)

2) Why is it on every other planet, the size of things is exponentially bigger? Bigger storms, bigger mountains, bigger lakes, bigger everything. The mountains on Mars (a planet very similar in size to Earth) are ten times larger than the largest mountain on Earth. The big canyon on Mars is as large as Texas. What's the deal?
 
 
Cat Chant
13:13 / 16.11.05
Is 'instinctual' a word?

I'm pretty sure it is. I think it might have been invented to mean 'to do with the instincts', rather than 'instinctive'. But what do I know.
 
 
Axolotl
13:42 / 16.11.05
Matt: Can't help you with definite answers but I can say that the pressure does increase at the bottom of a lake, just not enough for you to feel it, though it is a detectable increase. Obviously in the sea you can go deeper, thus there is more water pressing down, hence more pressure.
As for the relative sizes of landmarks, I reckon this has got to do with erosion. Earth has more atmosphere, more rain, therefore more erosion. This means mountains get worn down more while valleys and canyons get silted up.
I am not an expert in either so will bow to anyone who has real knowledge (as oppose to half-remembered university lectures)
 
 
Mistoffelees
13:59 / 16.11.05
Next year there´ll be a soccer world championship, and there´ll be at least one game in my city.

Now I can easily imagine what a hype there´ll be here, especially if the german players win/lose.

So at that time, I´d like to be somewhere else. I like to be sightseeing in european cities, when I´m on holiday.

My question: What city should I be visiting at that time? Would London, Paris, Rome, etc be as equally soccer-crazy? Should I visit the seaside or mountains instead?
 
 
gravitybitch
14:36 / 16.11.05
Astronomy question here:

So the Full Moon happens when the moon and sun are directly opposite each other with the earth in between, as a most general definition.

However... Last night's full moon happened, supposedly, while both the moon and sun were in the sky. Local moonrise was something like 4:37PM, the moon was supposed to be most full at 4:57, and sunset was shortly thereafter.

I can't wrap my head around the geometry - how could that work? Since the moon was well off the horizon and the sun was still visible, the earth was obviously the third point in a triangle rather than being a point on the line between the sun and moon...
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
14:56 / 16.11.05
1) What is the deal with ocean pressure? Why is it when you swim to the bottom of a lake you feel nothing, but if you were to swim to the bottom of an ocean you'd crumple into a singularity? What causes the ocean to crush you? (I've always had a hazy understanding of this: the weight of the water, but I still don't get it)

That's pretty much it. At the bottom of the Marianas trench you have a lot more water above you then you do at the bottom of a lake. All of that water is pushing down on you, which makes things like inflating your lungs much harder, because you are pushing outwards on the weight of water pushing down on water pushing down on water pushing down on you.
 
 
grant
15:07 / 16.11.05
The moon is a rock sitting in the sun. When the earth comes directly between the moon and the sun, the earth blocks the sunlight, causing a lunar eclipse. Our shadow moves across the moon.

The phases of the moon aren't caused by our shadow or anything, they're just caused by the relative angle at which we're looking at the moon. So, yes, it's a long triangle, with the sun at one corner, the moon at the other and us sort of between (but a lot closer to the moon, and sort of off to the side a little).


clicky for more
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
15:11 / 16.11.05
Lula - the short version is that the moon is not _directy_ opposite to the Sun, I think - otherwise you'd have an eclipse. The rotation of the moon is at an angle to the Earth - it tilts, so the shadow of the Earth is cast above or below it. As such, the Moon - Earth-Sun do form a triangle - just one with two very acute angles and one very obtuse angle.
 
 
The Natural Way
15:12 / 16.11.05
I suspect that even relatively small differences in size, on a planetary scale, result in enormous differences "on the ground", as it were.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
15:44 / 16.11.05
Oh, supplemental on water pressure - it's not so much being crushed - a solid body won't be crushed as it would under the gravitic pressure of, say, a black hole. A hollow area, for example one filled with air, will find the water attempting to resolve the pressure differential between the interior of this hollow object and the exterior of the water by crushing it - which is why deep-sea diving suits have such thick, strong helmets.

The main problem for divers isn't being crushed, though, but nitrogen narcosis. The human body is designed to function within a certain pressure range, and outside that range it does odd things. Increased pressure makes more nitrogen dissolve into the bloodstream, which makes you confused, sleepy and ultimately dead.
 
 
Mirror
18:46 / 17.11.05
For an interesting example of the effect of water pressure, try taking a meter-or-so long section of straight plastic pipe and using it as a snorkel. You'll find the depth at which the water pressure overcomes the expansive ability of your lungs is actually very shallow. More than a little bit below the surface and you're completely unable to inhale.
 
 
Mirror
18:48 / 17.11.05
Oops, I meant to add a bit to that. In addition, divers have to be careful not to hold their breath while ascending because the expanding gas in the lungs can actually rupture them.
 
 
grant
20:34 / 17.11.05
Not to mention the joy of air embolism as the dissolved gasses come out of solution in the form of bubbles in your bloodstream....

OK, here's a question. I had a friend who was a "nitrox" diver. These are guys who go really deep and, like, hang out with the gulpers and angler fish so they can't breathe normal air. They breathe a special nitrogen-oxygen mixture.

What's the nitrogen doing in there?
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
23:19 / 17.11.05
Air is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, Grant.
 
 
■
23:55 / 17.11.05
I think the question is: why not just use oxygen? It's probably more expensive, but given they're risking their lives, why are people still using nitrogen in the mix when diving? Do lungs need nitrogen?
 
 
STOATIE LIEKS CHOCOLATE MILK
00:06 / 18.11.05
Surely pure oxygen would get them all spaced out? I seem to remember such a phenomenon being a staple of space opera at one point.
 
 
Char Aina
00:52 / 18.11.05
yaeh.
too much oxygen makes you high.
if you have ever played with one of those 'energy can' or 'oxyspray' thingys outta the innovations catalogue, you'll know how impractical breathing that stuff all the time would be.

it'd be fun...but it wouldnt be the best for complicated and dangerous work.
unles you rate playing twister as complicated and dangerous.
its fucking perfect for twister.

do divers play much underwater twister?
 
 
grant
01:52 / 18.11.05
I think pure oxygen is also unhealthy. Lemme look.

The wikipedia entry on nitrox is sort of terrifying. Nitrox, I didn't know, is simply a combination of regular air with oxygen.

Pure oxygen won't just make you high -- it causes oxygen toxicity, which can lead to retinal damage (blindness), permanent lung damage and convulsions.

The wikipedia on other breathing gases has a few genuinely terrifying moments, wherein they explain why hydrogen doesn't make a very good oxygen admixture. Not only will it make your voice squeaky, it'll also make you explode.

Hydrogen (H2) has been used in deep diving gas mixes but is very explosive when mixed with more than about 4 to 5% oxygen (such as the oxygen found in breathing gas). This limits use of hydrogen to deep dives and complicated protocols to insure that oxygen is cleared from the lungs, the blood stream and the breathing equipment before breathing hydrogen starts. Like helium, it distorts the diver's voice.

If you follow the links, you do find this gem:

4.2 Krypton (Kr) and kryptonox

Krypton is a noble gas, but not suitable for diving use. Krypton (Kr) (oxygen + krypton = kryptonox) causes dizziness. Krypton is also very expensive gas.


So I suppose the nitrogen is there because *something* has to be, and it beats most of the alternatives.
 
 
matthew.
04:02 / 18.11.05
Another question from me. This time not science.

Could somebody use the simplest language possible and explain the difference between Marxism and Communism and Socialism and whatever Stalin-ism or etc?

I stress simple language, because when it comes to economics, my eyes glaze, and my body goes white like that ET fellow.

By the way, the erosion answer for my planetary size disparity was revelatory! Thanks.
 
 
■
08:38 / 18.11.05
Oh, lord.

VERY simply and with sod all nuance:

Marxism is the position that as long as a few people control all the capital they will exploit workers until they can't takes it no more and the workers rise up and take control.

Communism is when everything owns everything and, ideally, everyone gets what they needs and works as much as they can. Generally thought only possible via revolution predicted by Marxism. Falls apart (some would say inevitably) when bastards such as Stalin suck up all the power again.

Stalinism is fascism under the guise of communism.

Socialism is reckoning Marx was probably right, but realising that revolution ain't necessarily a good thing, so let's make sure the workers get looked after at the expense of the capitalists.

Let the arguments begin.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
10:00 / 18.11.05
Mat, I think that's a bigger question than this thread is likely to be able to sustain. How about a thread in the Heaad Shop?
 
 
All Acting Regiment
14:26 / 18.11.05
When the pope makes a big speech, does he not get really scared? And does that not mean he has to do the "imagine pople in their underwear" thing? But he's not allowed, is he?
 
 
Axolotl
14:32 / 18.11.05
Naah, he can do what he likes, he's the Pope, it's like the ultimate get out of jail free card.
Plus I reckon if you've got the balls to go around telling the world that you are God's favouritest person in the world, and actually believe it deep down (as I guess the Pope must), then I think in comparison making a speech would be a piece of piss.
 
  

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