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Religion

 
  

Page: 123(4)5

 
 
elene
09:32 / 16.03.06
I haven't time to answer you immediately, Lurid, but I will later this afternoon. In the meantime, thank you and alas for not just letting the whole thing drop. I'd have felt really bad had the thread ended there. That's all this mornings post was about, actually.
 
 
sdv (non-human)
10:41 / 16.03.06
elene.

Where you said that it is not possible to argue for "God the universe" - actually the philosophical work of Spinoza effectively does argue precisely that position. Where he states "God, or nature" what Spinoza is arguing is that "God <> nature" (In section four of the ethics) are precisely equivilant. What Spinoiza does is refuse any anthropomophic notion of god/gods or transcendent beings.
Effectively allowing on the one side a militant aetheism or non-militant aetheism to exist, more interesting for you I think is that it also enables a profound religious position which refuses the anthropomorphic notion of gods... (Those hideous representations of transcendtal figures that all resolve to the human.... are rightly refused).

The other important point to note is that even a miltant aethiest such as myself doesn't find this particularly unpleasent or unacceptable because with the 'god <> nature' concept effectively Spinoza is marking the universe as god... Which in no sense allows god or anything else to break the 2nd law of thermodynamics (for example)...
 
 
sdv (non-human)
10:58 / 16.03.06
Alas,

Where you say "...But outside this Western tradition, religion is not a matter of "belief" or "truth you must work for on your own"..." You really need more historical detail around this concept because before the scientific/industrial revolution (in thought) of the 17th century (Kojeve)it was the case that the indo-european monotheistic religions also functioned in the way you describe. With the 17th C the increasingly secular change, effectively emasculated all religions because they ceased to be the primary means through which legitimation took place.

The critical point is that the secular defends the legitimation of power using science and scientists as opposed to pre 17 century where theology and priests legitmated the excesses.

(Zizek/Badiou's post-secular move/interest in St Paul is hardly an advance.... I don't know who to feel the most sympathy for god/jesus/st paul or lenin...)
 
 
alas
11:26 / 16.03.06
Man, you're right, on coming back to this, that the metacommentary tags alas is wearing do look rather like a biohazard suit. I was genuinely feeling so kind of excited that someone was willing to open up as you did on this topic. Because...my life is this kind of mix, and my own brain doesn't necessarily speak well across those boundaries, but when I approach doing so, I do feel like I gain insight from it. I don't post in the Temple, but art is vital to my life and, at the very least, I often find metaphor and imagery to more accurately describe experience than the kind of language that typically passes logical muster.

I also really didn't want your post to be greeted with a kind of "headshop silence"...I haven't had as much time for barbelithing these past few days and the next two weeks are likely to be almost nil. But, anyway, sorry about the tongs and rubber gloves effect...

I think it's exactly this point, It's an important part of what it has meant to be human for thousands of years at least, and is of relevance to the psychology of martyrs, including suicide bombers, saints and mystics, heroes and poets and our contemporary clash of the civilisations, that's part of what I am experiencing up there in my negative reaction to Zizek's arguably quite "respectful" comments, and possible to some degree in Lurid's. This sense that a) somehow we in the rational intellectual set actually do subject all our behaviors to rigidly rational scrutiny and are already thoroughly self-aware adults, and b) that doing so would be indisputably a good thing.

I'm not arguing against all rational argumentation (after all, by using "point a, point b" I'm at least involving the accoutrements of it--I'll let you decide if my explanation is proceding at all logically/rationally), but I do believe it has its limits. We are, as Woolf says [subliminal message: go read A Room of One's Own and post in Books], creatures of illusion. no matter how "rational" the person, we function on the basis of certain stories we tell ourselves. We are all creatures of "myth." This does not mean "throw out all attempts to be rational, then." It's an issue of awareness and acceptance that there is no human without a body, without blind spots; there is no position that does not create a frame work, and there's no framework that does not cut something out of the picture.

It's so deeply human to be so, that I am strongly skeptical of the impulse to define adulthood in the way that Zizek is, and most especially when the focus is on some irrational, childlike Other, as in Zizek's argument, which smacks of Orientalism, to me.

I quoted Judith Butler in the Policy thread on anger--because I think emotions are also part of this boundary making around the purportedly rational, and that some people's emotions are more visible, more likely to be marked as "irrational" than others.

These people then don't quite qualify as "adult man," and they can be examined and controlled by the rational men, who never have their emotions examined by the other in any way that needs to be taken seriously. We are the ones holding the interrogation light in their eyes, safe in our assumption that all our own myths have been safely explored....Which, as I say, echoes to me of all those old men of my youth asking me about the state of my soul, because the power dynamic and approach are the same: you, child, need to prove that you are in a state of grace on my terms. I'm under scrutiny; they hold the light. That power dynamic, which is implicit in many discussions of religion (cutting both ways), creates blind spots and silences and shapes the discussion.

[And I still haven't addressed the content of your argument, elene, really, in anyway that does it justice.]
 
 
alas
11:42 / 16.03.06
effectively emasculated all religions.. (my emphasis)

Right, it effectively placed religion increasingly (but not wholly or immediately or across the Western cultural spectrum--see the Pope and US Christianity) into the realm of the "Other"--of women, children, and "primitives" ... Do you see myth working here? I do. Rationality arising as the more truly, more fully "masculine" mode of legitimation.
 
 
elene
12:10 / 16.03.06
Everything I can say about this subject is primitive and simplistic. I mention Fear and Trembling but I can't even completely parse it and there's a lot more like it. I'd like to raise my contribution above the personal, but I can't.

I don't think one can imagine, name or picture God, or enumerate God's attributes without ceasing to deal with God. Doing any of these things limits God in some way, and that is impossible. There is no copy of God and nothing can stand in for God. I can only use the word God here because we're pretty well agreed we don't know what that means.

A direct consequence of this is that one cannot know anything of God, one can only experience God directly, or trust another's experience. Moses encounters God and the people follow Moses.

Because I cannot know anything of God, any encounter with God is an act of faith. I must recognise that this is indeed God and I must trust that recognition and above all I must have faith in what God tells me, meaning I must obey it.

On the other hand I can't claim to have ever needed any faith because what I've learned from experiences of this kind, which one might well describe as altered mental states, has been directly and obviously true, and never opposed to my own moral position.

As I'm about to post this I see that sdv and alas have posted again and I fear the thread's likely going to plunge right out of my depth, but I'm very pleased it's not dead.
 
 
elene
13:21 / 16.03.06
Hi sdv, I thought I'd said that one can't argue against that, which was what I initially wanted to do - I know that's odd considering how I went on from there.

Given the way words work, the notion that God and nature are equivalent attempts to trap God in the web of meaning, something I don't believe one can do. Likewise, though I think there is an opposition of God and human, I feel we need to see God as other than ourselves, I suspect that must also be an illusion. So I find this approach of Spinoza's very suspect, not that I'm in a position to judge. I ought to read Spinoza of course. Well, I did when I was fourteen, but I need to read him again.

... in no sense allows god or anything else to break the 2nd law of thermodynamics (for example)...

Yes that's very convenient, but it's not God.
 
 
elene
13:27 / 16.03.06
Hi alas, I was only joking. I did feel you posted precisely to save me from Headshop silence though. I did need saving. Concerning A Room of One's Own: I've read about half way online, which I find rather uncomfortable, and my own copy arrived from Amazon yesterday, along with Golding's translation of the Metamorphoses. I will read it first, but I've also got Robert Fisk's The Great War for Civilisation, Roger Penrose's The Road to Reality and Norman Davies's Europe next to my bed, so it's going to make me feel guilty. It's a great book though and I'm very pleased you've so strongly emphasised reading it.

Sorry I didn't hook more directly onto your post concerning Zizek. I strongly agree with you, of course. I was wrestling with myself over talking about this particular experience for a long time. It's more than I'd have liked to have said, but leaving anything out would have given an incorrect impression.

I too think that the rational mode of thought and discourse, the canonical mode which, with the appropriate lapses and decorations suitable to middle-aged men, is also the mode of business, is mainly there to assert a privileged position, from which some may judge the rest and order them according to their will, exactly as Plato's worldview as described in that passage from Butler raises Plato and his friends high above women & children, foreigners & slaves.
 
 
sdv (non-human)
15:44 / 16.03.06
alas,
Your placing of religion into the realm of the Other is not right - because it presumes that the Other is in some sense irrational, rather than just oppressed. Releigion and faith is not irrational rather it's a rationality that is not falsifiable.

In addition what the movement towards the secular succeeded in doing was preventing the reoccurrance of the 30 year war. Because it removed the ability of religion to legitimate acts of social and political violence. (This was moved to other knowledges - science etc).

One of the most dangerous contemporay ideas is that the Other (as you present it) might be advantaged by a faith based or religious turn. In truth the current social and historical evidence is that faith and religion if it ever reached the levels of social and political legitimation that it had in the 16th C and before would immediately become more oppressive than the current secular arrangements....
 
 
alas
02:03 / 17.03.06
sdv: I am not arguing for some return to religion OR for some belief that religious hegemony would be the salvation of the oppressed. I'm trying to argue that the power dynamic that operates when politicized versions of either religion or scientistic / "rational" thought gain hegemony is virtually identical. It involves myths of childhood and adulthood, and--as your post (inadvertantly?) pointed out--myths of masculinity and femininity.

Let me unpack: whatever philosophical system gains ascendency, in this culture, it typically becomes, de facto, adult and masculine. Just because, in the West, religion has been feminised (and I am not alone in thinking it has been feminized in many ways, but, as I said, not perfectly or consistently) this does not mean that I in any way pin any hopes for women's liberation in any ascendancy of religiosity. Feminization is merely a mode of discrediting ideas in our culture, and in no way signals an actual alliance with the interests of women--quite the contrary. It makes the ideas so marked easier to undermine in the political field.

elene--I remain interested in your thoughts; I am really glad they are here, because they really demonstrate, to me, the complex vectors of these arguments. To oversimplify your point: God is not religion.

The ground(s) of all being. The all. The is. The becoming. Change and Permanence. Some stumbling attempts to name the understanding(s) that all of the scientists, poets, mystics, philosophers who I most love seem to be grasping towards, deeply aware that their work is an always already partial and incomplete expression of a bigger picture. The best realize that we inevitably see through a glass darkly; that each new insight tends to usher in a slew of questions and confusions.

The worst stand up and say: I have the Truth in my left hand--hard and firm and with very clear boundaries--and a light in my right hand, to shine in your eyes to see if you are worthy of my Truth or not.

I distrust any "science," "religion," or "philosophy" that loses sight of the limits on our human perceptions, and which begins to believe itself to be free of story, free of myth, pure, disinterested in politics and power (even as it is accruing power to itself, or trying to do so).

Not all religion deludes itself in that way; not all science/philosophy does that: but people are capable of presenting each of them as pure and free of myth, and many practicioners operate as if this is their implicit assumption.

I know that the histories of philosophy, science, rationality and religion are at once distinct and interwined, long and complicated, and that I haven't done any of that justice here. I, personally, do believe that falsifiable approaches to knowledge are vital to the kind of world we live in, because knowledge exists in the realm of the political. I don't believe it's the only way, truth, light in this world, however.

As I said from the start, given the realities of our contemporary situation, a secular state is necessary, vital. I fight for that, because the alternatives are frightening. But it doesn't mean that this those of us who seek this goal ourselves lead a wholly rational, mature, and self-aware existence--nor does it mean we can or should to lead the world to this kind of "adulthood." Nor does it mean we've found God (But I did. Under the fridge! Ze was there all the time!)
 
 
elene
06:45 / 17.03.06
Thanks, alas, you say many things I'd like to have said. I too want a secular state, obviously, but I too distrust obvious truths that someone else must tell me. I too want and I depend upon falsifiable knowledge. It's also close to my nature, I've been best trained as a physicist. I obviously don't need religion where I can apply quantum electrodynamics, and I hardly need God where I can apply a broad humanistic ethical system. Nevertheless, the known borders the unknown, that comes before it and surrounds it.

I've been trying to get to the core of what I've been saying. I'm trying to present religion's components as I see them, so that we don't over-simplify religious experience.

I'm convinced religion can be seen to consist of two parts of which one can't be regulated, that I call God, though perhaps I ought to call it the divine, while the other is a regulating mechanism, an ethical system, commandments, rules and regulations. These have approximately the relation of nature (god) to science (ethics), or perhaps the market to the economic system, or perhaps the id to the ego. Ethics claims to be a true model of the divine, and a religious system seeks in various ways to harness the divine to the needs and actions of people. The divine is then only apparent in itself in the exceptions to this order.

There is another aspect to this. As my identity consists of how I experience myself and how others experience me, not just one of these, and these both refer to the unknown me creating herself from moment to moment, so there is not only the monolithic church viewing the divine in our experience and regulating our interaction with it, but also each single believer.

My personal religious experiences do not constitute religion in the same sense as my mother's prayers or again the catholic catechism do. The catechism is obviously a set of rules, with explanations of God's nature consisting of references to further rules. My mother's prayers sought to use the heavenly economy of the church to benefit those she cared for, both dead and alive. I've had direct encounters with the unknowable under great stress with direct benefit to my spiritual, or psychic, health and ability to cope with the problems of my existence. Law, myth and ritual, and the unknown.

I'm afraid I've a very busy day ahead today, and don't know when I'll get back to barbelith.
 
 
Lurid Archive
07:46 / 17.03.06
Without wanting to poke you, alas, I find these sorts of statements unconvincing,

whatever philosophical system gains ascendency, in this culture, it typically becomes, de facto, adult and masculine

it effectively placed religion increasingly...into the realm of the "Other"--of women, children, and "primitives"


I realise that there are lots of qualifiers and I see more or less what you are doing, but I just can't help but feel that behind all that you are implicitly supporting the very narratives you are seeking to undermine. I guess there are two points I'd make here.

One is that religion is actually extremely popular and very much part of the mainstream (ok, it depends where you go...but I think this is supportable). As an atheist, I pretty much expect hostility to my position. (Equally, I think there is some hostility to overt and powerful expressions of religiosity. Private and unobtrusive belief is left.) So this whole "othering" narrative strikes me as an attempt to claim underdog status in a world where religious belief is actually the norm - even in secular Europe, I think that France is the only country one could argue was atheist. The UK has a state established religion, Germany has a majority of Christians, Spain and Italy Catholic, and so on.

Second, I've seen the concept of 'rationality as masculine' used many times. On the majority of these occasions it is a simply sexist statement. I'm sure you'll believe that female mathematicians (with whom I've seen this most often) get this line and they don't tend to be very happy about it. While you aren't saying it like that, I think you are relying on that well understood narrative in order to make your point. That is, you aren't satisfactorily pointing to where and how this power dynamic is in play (at least to my mind). Rather, we are to accept it because rational argument is masculine - everyone knows that, after all.

Personally, I do think an adult way to behave is for participants in a debate to express their views openly, if respectfully, without patronisingly making accomodations for the belief systems of those they disagree with. I do accept that Zizek does sound patronising in a different way, perhaps, but his basic point is surely sound.

As for rationality being insufficient and limited, and that human experience requiring more than that...yes, I think this is clear. Don't I say that above as well? I'm never sure who these points are directed at.
 
 
Persephone
10:28 / 17.03.06
Second, I've seen the concept of 'rationality as masculine' used many times. On the majority of these occasions it is a simply sexist statement. I'm sure you'll believe that female mathematicians (with whom I've seen this most often) get this line and they don't tend to be very happy about it.

If the statement is used to mean that rationality is of and for men, then it is sexist. And indeed, the word "masculine" pretty much lends itself to that interpretation. Suppose, though, that there is a usage of "masculine" that operates independently of --and perhaps prior to-- "men." Ditto "feminine" and "women." It's this other masculine/feminine --for which I do wish there were other words-- that I think more usefully informs this argument...
 
 
alas
21:17 / 17.03.06
Persephone--I think I have an idea of what you're getting at; by "prior" do you mean not necessarily preceding in time but also broader than in some other way? I'm not sure I'm getting it. I'd like to hear more.

Lurid: I take your points, and I accept that it's possible I'm overstating my claims...but I'll need some time to think on this. I do not want to slide into the trap (which I realize I'm perilously close to--the qualifiers truly are genuine) of saying "science and religion are both just faith systems; everyone just decides which one they believe in. So you can't teach science in schools if my kid can't pray in school." That way madness lies. I suspect that's where some of the defensiveness I'm sensing in both you and sdv is coming from. I'm trying to clarify.

I'm not directing the last narrative against you, or against anyone--I'm walking you all (hi internet! hi lurkers!) through my perspective, because I am feeling like it's regularly being broadened in ways that are not what I intend, and then attacked on what feel to me to be the "edges."

The one point I will quickly address is: I've seen the concept of 'rationality as masculine' used many times.... I think you are relying on that well understood narrative in order to make your point. That is, you aren't satisfactorily pointing to where and how this power dynamic is in play (at least to my mind).

I was pretty directly responding to sdv's point: With the 17th C the increasingly secular change, effectively emasculated all religions because they ceased to be the primary means through which legitimation took place.

Would you say he is relying on a narrative of masculinity there to make that claim? Do you agree with the claim? I'm interested, genuinely.

I don't know what to do with the fact that "emasculated" is a word that is in our language and carries that baggage. I don't think sdv "owns" it; I think it comes from something older and bigger than him. I think this may be the thing Persephone's pointing to, but I can't be sure.

I'm also thinking of a old, but still pretty interesting (and possibly not in ways you might expect) book in my own field by a woman named Ann Douglas The Feminization of American Culture. That book partly touches on the history of the still observable phenomenon that while clergy are still overwhelmingly male in US churches, the parishioners/believers are significantly more likely female. I suspect that there's a similar gender disparity in other Western countries.

You are right that atheists are often regarded with suspicion, that is especially true in the US, it's also true that religious people use scientistic arguments (e.g., creation science/intelligent design) because the language of science is the language they perceive that they need to use to legitimate their belief in the Bible. (Which is to me a form of idolatry, which I did, very gently, once explain to my fundamentalist sister. She, well, never did answer that claim. I think she didn't because to her christians are the underdog...)

Definitely we should avoid patronizing. However, despite that it's what I do here, and/or am perceived as doing, I'm not always sure that debate, as it is typically and historically practiced, is the best model of engagement, especially across lines of difference. Which is, again, partly why I especially value things like elene's more esoteric contributions; they shake us out of this debate modality. They move us in a different direction and help avoid what grant calls "sameyness."

I'm genuinely frustrated, because I am pretty sure that you and I and sdv in some ways agree more than is apparent in this thread; I think there's a polarizing effect that results from the modes in which we engage. That's what I'm struggling to get at in everything I'm saying here: there's a history to these modes of engagement; there are discourse styles that have power and legitimacy within certain communities; and people have differing levels of access to those discourse styles.

I think that matters in ways that aren't being fully attended to, here. So I keep feeling like you're attacking my wings and not seeing the body of what I'm saying. Which may mean that the differences are actually bigger than we realize, and we're not communicating well across the lines that divide us because we can't see them clearly.
 
 
Lurid Archive
11:42 / 18.03.06
With the 17th C the increasingly secular change, effectively emasculated all religions because they ceased to be the primary means through which legitimation took place. - sdv

Would you say he is relying on a narrative of masculinity there to make that claim? Do you agree with the claim? I'm interested, genuinely. - alas

Relying on a narrative of masculinity? Arguably, yes, though not conclusively. While "emasculate" does rely on such a narrative, it isn't clear that this is meant to do more than provide a metaphor. Its far less clear, to my mind, than your use of masculinity, which starts in scare quotes but doesn't quite stay there.

Do I agree with sdv's point? Not entirely - though the point isn't really developed enough for me to say too much about it.

Certainly, in Europe, power moved away from the church over a long period and, gradually, these societies became more secular. I'm not enough of a historian to be able to tell you how and why this happened, but I think that secularisation was more a effect of this decrease in political power than its cause - nation states and their rulers would be significant here. I'm pretty sure that the 17th Century is far too early to mark a clean break, where religion is used as a legitimating device for the use of power, and I suspect I also strongly disagree with sdv about the extent to which this has been replaced by "science".

I'm not always sure that debate, as it is typically and historically practiced, is the best model of engagement, especially across lines of difference.

Fair enough, I suppose. In a sense I'm willing to see what other options there are, but I also worry that an actual change in style will likely exclude the kinds of contributions I make. (I'm just back from a trip to Italy where most of the conversations I had relied on a consensus building approach to discussion. Challenging "common-sense", even when it amounts to gibberish, is much more difficult in that kind of environment.) Having siad that, I think there are various ways to interact with others that isn't a debate form...but these are much harder on a BB.

I think there's a polarizing effect that results from the modes in which we engage.

To an extent, yes. I just don't see that as such a terrible thing. I mean, beyond the frustration, are you feeling upset or disrespected? Because, if not, then I think that this form of oppositional interaction can be very valuable in defining and refining our own positions.

So I keep feeling like you're attacking my wings and not seeing the body of what I'm saying.

Maybe. I think you are right that I am coming to this with a certain history and experience of these kinds of debate which means I am going to make you work hard before I grant your points. Am I just being difficult and contrary? I don't think so. I think your points about styles of debate influencing the discussion are right - but this point could very well be made to argue precisely against what you are saying. Since when has rational discourse been a default position in human affairs? Is Bush, the most powerful man in the world, an epitome of rationality?

I think that arguing from the general (style effects substance) to the specific is really rather difficult and I'm often wary that such an argument is little more than an example of question begging.
 
 
elene
07:52 / 21.03.06
I'm considering starting a new thread called "Is it possible to have moral values without religion?" but, although the title is quite clear we very obviously lack an agreed definition of religion. We can either go with the notion that religion is any structure of beliefs, rituals and ethics constructed on the golden rule and an awareness of the unknown, personified or not, or a new definition must be agreed upon. I'm unwilling to count either simple cults or belief systems like that expounded by Adolf Hitler, religions. The restriction of religion to theistic belief is also unacceptable. Claims that the golden rule is an automatic consequence of evolutionarily blessed altruism are interesting but irrelevant.

I know this was touched on earlier in this thread with talk of apathy, loonies and wavelengths but unless my memory is failing me religion was almost consistently presented as the converse of atheism, i.e. theism, which is unacceptable.
 
 
*
08:01 / 21.03.06
What, then, is the converse of religiosity? Interesting point.

I'd also like to venture that there certainly religions with ethical systems which aren't based on any articulation of the Golden Rule.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
08:10 / 21.03.06
Well, I think we should probably start by looking at the phrase "the golden rule" - does that really apply to all religious people (a), and does it not apply to any non-religious people (b)?

Along with "what is religion?", I think there's the question of "what can religion usefully describe?" - a slightly different question.

Let's go back to the roots. Religion refers to binding, to knotting together - it refers to the obligations of following a belief system. So, I'd probably say that religion in that sense implies at least an acknowledgement of the existence of a structured set of beliefs with a set of demands that need to be followed - observance, in effect, followed from the top down. Does that cover everything? Probably not, but it does serve as a rough rule to divide a religion, a cult, a personal spirituality... I'd say that religion also involved if not theism then belief in a superhuman force with great power - does it also need to have a belief that this force (or these forces) take an interest in and affect human life?
 
 
Lurid Archive
09:08 / 21.03.06
We can either go with the notion that religion is any structure of beliefs, rituals and ethics constructed on the golden rule

If you are going to insist that certain ethical principles are automatically "religious", even when a person denies the religious origin of their own moral intuitions, then you are setting yourself up for either a very frustrating or a very short discussion. It makes a pointless argument, because you can just define arbitrary elements of morality - even all of it, if you want - as "religious". That kinda makes the question of whether morality is religious redundant.
 
 
elene
09:08 / 21.03.06
Yes, that's true, id entity. At one end of what we might describe as religion is total awe and submission before the unknown. No ethics are required and all rituals are pleading and sacrifice.

I'm willing to accept that as one extreme, and relating to the divine in this way as a cornerstone of religion, but not as its single defining nature. Sacrificing to appease the beast is all well and good but it's not our complete religious experience. The other extreme of religion is not like this at all, though of course fate and the unknown are still there and still central.

As soon as we move beyond the essentially personal dread at all-powerful fate, even if it is a whole people united in personal dread, we encounter the need to regulate our interactions with others and it does seem that every religion throws up the golden rule at this point.

I think the converse of religiosity is irreligion or anti-religion, where religion is either seen as of no relevance, or as harmful.
 
 
elene
09:12 / 21.03.06
... kinda makes the question of whether morality is religious redundant.

So you agree with me, Lurid, given this - very plausible - definition of religion?
 
 
Lurid Archive
09:18 / 21.03.06
Errrm, no. I think you are seeking to claim as religious lots of things which aren't. You may as well claim all science as religious, given that most scientists have historically been religious. Its a silly way to argue.
 
 
elene
09:24 / 21.03.06
I don't think Buddhism, for instance, obligates one to believe very much, Haus. What one might take a rules are far more methods. If one wishes to go where Buddhism will take one, one may use these techniques. I could be a very religious person and never belong to any religious community, never sacrifice, never obey, and only respect the divine in the broadest sense of having awe at the wonder of birth, life and death. I do not think I could do it without following the golden rule though.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
09:47 / 21.03.06
I don't think Buddhism, for instance, obligates one to believe very much, Haus.

Really? Could you support that with evidence? Somebody who belonged to a recognised Buddhist group - say, a monk - would generally be assumed to believe in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sanghas, say.
 
 
elene
10:13 / 21.03.06
Somebody who belonged to a recognised Buddhist group - say, a monk - would generally be assumed to believe in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sanghas, say.

Oh yes, certainly.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
10:16 / 21.03.06
Sorry, called away. To expand - while I can see somebody saying "I am religious" without needing to follow the precepts of a religion, I have more trouble with the idea of someone saying, say "I am a Buddhist" without believing in at least some of the tenets of Buddhism, or "I am a Christian" without at least a consideration of the generally-accepted tenets of Christianity.

So, one could perhaps have one's own spiritual beliefs and a system, both conceptual and behavioural, to which one cleaved devotedly but which was entirely idiosyncratic, and make a claim to be in those terms religious, yes. However, I don't entirely see how that would include or preclude adherence to the golden rule as a condition.
 
 
elene
12:12 / 21.03.06
Sorry, I'm busy too, Haus.

I don't entirely see how that would include or preclude adherence to the golden rule as a condition.

Yes, you're right. I can hardly claim that YWHW combined with the Law of Moses don't constitute a religion and there's no sign of the golden rule there whatsoever. Well, as far as I know.

I'm way out of my depth with this. I'd completely neglected to consider rite-of-passage practices, probably among many other religious forms, while replying to id entity, and I've no idea at all of most religions, though I suspect most are some form of animism.

O.K, my definition is inadequate.
 
 
elene
12:23 / 21.03.06
Sorry I'm not all there today,

Deuteronomy 6:5
Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.
...
Leviticus 19:18
You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD.


OK, this is unsurprisingly restrained to "your people," but there it is. That's no proof, of course.
 
 
elene
12:38 / 21.03.06
As I suggested in "Things that have been worrying me [2]" socially well-integrated people will behave morally in the average and according to exactly the golden rule. It can also be seen as the foundation of the best strategy for various games that imitate life, I think. The canonical universal extension of this average behaviour is the golden rule. We associate religion with moral restraints and behavioural rules, therefore this abstraction and moral extension of a best behaviour we already manifest will certainly be codified in any religion that should appeal to socially well-integrated people.

Crude - no time, sorry.
 
 
sdv (non-human)
15:40 / 21.03.06
elene,

Before you continue raising the myth that religion spirituality have a ncessary relation to morality and ethics (which has not be proven or well argued here) could you clarify if you accept the actual history of human religious practice, which requires the acknowledgement that religion has a past that contradicts it's discourse.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
15:49 / 21.03.06
Hmmm - I think that's the weakest angle to go in under, sdv. Might be better to look at the golden rule as assumptive best extension of morality first.
 
 
Lurid Archive
15:59 / 21.03.06
Actually, I think that sdv is right in challenging the notion that religion and morality are so closely related - that this point is so often taken for granted is evidence of the theistic society we live in. Arguing the case from a historical perspective would involve a certain amount of cherry picking.

Personally I think the weakest part of what elene is saying is the implication that anyone "socially well-integrated" is religious. One has to either deny the validity of non-religious self identification, or maintain some rather odd beliefs about the immorality of the non-religious.

That the golden rule is essential for morality...is debatable, I suppose. But it doesn't strike me as a particularly weak point. That is, of course, rather different from saying that it is an essential ingredient of any religion.
 
 
elene
16:11 / 21.03.06
Well, I think it's the simplest extension with the required symmetry, Haus. If there's no additional reason that speaks against it that would normally make it the privileged solution, like a geodesic or an s-orbital.

I'm out of my depth, sdv, but it seems that any system of knowledge is either morally void or will be distorted when applied in a political context. In the stoning thread we find that the relevant religious text contains a prescription of lashes, nevertheless stoning is carried out.

I'm dropping the argument. It was fun, but it felt like trolling.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
16:26 / 21.03.06
Sorry, Lurid. I was trying to suggest nicely that sdv make a gentler engagement with the text. However.

Personally, I still think we could do with a thread on whether religious values are necessary for moral values to be held, but I have a feeling that Elene is the only person who would have even attempted to argue that they were, so perhaps without her there's not a lot of profit in so doing.
 
 
*
17:52 / 21.03.06
I think you're missing my point, elene. I'm saying that the golden rule, which I understand as "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you," is not the basis for all religious morality. For example, although I don't know much about Sufism or the individual Tariqa, I have read Sufi thinkers arguing against the golden rule, saying it's too pat and not everyone has the same needs, so there are many situations where it is harmful to do to someone as I would have them do to me. If I'm thirsty, and they're on the brink of starvation, and I give them water, I'm not helping. It's like the apocryphal French noble supposedly saying "Let them eat cake."

What I'm not saying is that religions exist which don't have ethical systems. I think it's impossible for people to live without an ethical system, because I think of an ethical system as any system for guiding decisionmaking based on benefit vs. loss/harm. A purely selfish ethical system is still an ethical system, even if I don't think it's a very good one. I'm willing to be a bit more flexible here, though. While all people have ethical systems (I believe), I suppose may be religions which don't codify ethical systems into the belief structure.
 
  

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