"I don't think all "desire" is socially constructed - not 100%, anyway. Sexuality (which, I grant you,
is not the same thing as desire) appears to include a 'hardwired' (for want of a better term)
component. There's compelling - if confusing - evidence from research into transsexuality (and, to
some extent, homosexuality) that pre-natal hormonal factors play a large part in influencing one's
perceptions of gender and gender/sexual behaviour. It's not a huge logical step to suppose that
other, more esoteric 'disorders of sexual object' (and yes, I'm aware that transsexuality might
more reasonably be viewed as a 'disorder of subject') might combine environmental, societal and
'biological' elements in a similarly complex fashion."
We agree, Ganesh, I suspect more than we disagree: sexuality is clearly a complex matrix of forces, but I'm pretty convinced that it's all shot through with cultural construction. Probably this is just a matter of where one puts the emphasis, but what I'm harkening to goes to the very centrality of desire as definitive of sexuality, which is a fairly recent phenomenon (i.e., the fact that heterosexuality was invented AFTER the word "homosexual" came into existence, sometime in the latter half of the 19th c.) Both words indicating something quite different that what most of us here mean, today, when we use them, and both constructed within a discourse of non-normative, abherrent sexuality. Does that mean that I think no one "desired" before the late 19th c? That there weren't men who had sex with men or women who had sex with women or women who had sex with men, for that matter? no. no. and no.
What I do believe is, sure, there may be "biological" explanations for how desire happens, these explanations may even suggest that sexuality has prenatal roots, that the object of desire may be "hardwired" to some degree, but those studies can only be undertaken in a culture that has already defined sexuality according to cultural norms of the time, and the results of those studies thus are interpreted in that ever-evolving context.
The problem that I see is that many queer people want to hang on to biological explanations of desire, as if that will somehow solve problems. But it won't because it's still likely to be medicalized, seen as a disorder. I can't seek to cure a disease, but I can't change my history, and the way my history has deeply shaped me.
So I don't believe in the kind agency that is often (wrongly, simplisiticaly) attributed to the kinds of cultural constructivist claims that others have made (Judith Butler etc), but I do believe that sexuality is deeply, deeply culturally constructed, to the point where it is virtually meaningless to claim that any sexuality is "inherent." I believe heterosexuality is a deeply culturally constructed as any other form of sexuality--possibly even more so!--even as culturally constructed as, say, race, even perhaps as culturally constructed as religious beliefs. |