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Recent or Next, New Theories – What are they?

 
  

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Suprabahpoo
05:15 / 07.12.03
I readily admit that this question is ill-formed, and further apologies if this is ground already covered elsewhere. This is also an overly broad topic. I suppose it’s generally a two-part question.

First - I’m simply curious as to what the recent or emerging theories are – late 20th or early 21st century? Or even...hazard a guess as to what ‘next, new’ theories are or might be? (with names of theorists, if you want).

I’m fairly new to all of this really. I’m currently slogging through undergrad courses, and have been eating up the theory where I can get it lately. Completely indiscriminately. Last semester was a narrative theory & literary criticism class. This semester taking a class on learnability theories & an amazing anthropology of race class with a heavy dose (Foucault, Said, Stuart Hall, etc.). Next semester possibly taking a Game Theory course being offered and/or a Post-Colonial Lit & theory course.

So I’ve got my big anthologies to plunder through. Some things resonate with me more than others, obviously. But I want to know what’s not in my big literary criticism anthologies, or what’s new? (queer/postcolonial both recent relatively; what about globalization, game, play, emergence, chaos, fractal, germ, epidemic theory). (some of those aren’t “new,” by any means). But what is new....in general?
(Douglas Rushkoff has been (or will be) doing some interesting courses at nyu – post-linear narrative; ‘theoretical perspectives on interactivity.’)

Second – what are the limits of/for certain theories? Do various science or math theories belong, at all, in the world of literary criticism? Etc...

I literally fried my brain last semester – reading various narrative theorists/theories, along with reading Conrad’s ‘Heart of Darkness’ a couple of times for two different classes with attendant criticism. By the time I had to write my one “big” paper for a ‘Modernist Novels’ class, my brain was trickling out of my ears and I was trying to imagine what ‘HoD’ would look like if it were a (fractal) image. In the paper I moved towards doing a general deconstruction type thing on readings/interpretations of the novel as a whole (Bakhtin influenced), but I was imaging/wanting to get at some sort of ‘fractal theory’ reading (w/out even knowing what...I’m...talking...about). All that stuff about the water and time/temporal considerations – where any “part” might reveal the “whole.” Babbling.

I know this is a ridiculously cross-disciplinary question. I’m reading head popping, skull cracking stuff. It hurts...but it’s fun. Is it all really up for grabs, to some extent? As long as, y’know, you can make the theory “work” for you? Or is that just getting sloppy and undisciplined?
 
 
Tom Coates
13:55 / 07.12.03
This is actually a pretty fascinating question, and I suppose the first question that we should be asking is how far has what you're being taught moved on from what I was taught and teaching ten years ago - that move seems to me to be a good way of getting a sense of the larger trends.
 
 
Quantum
09:06 / 08.12.03
To narrow the focus a little, what are the new theories coming into prominence?
As Tom says, we could start by looking at what's taught now (any more students care to share?) compared to the recent past, but we know that teaching lags some way behind the cutting edge, so what new theories are emerging now that will be taught in ten years?
 
 
diz
13:57 / 08.12.03
i think that there's a really fertile ground at the place where Baudrillard's theories regarding simulacra, Foucaultian ideas about power/knowledge and discursive identity, and memes and memetic theory converge.

i also think that the convergence of chaos/complexity theory and the social sciences will accelerate, as social networks built on new school information technology makes the self-organizing behavior of complex social systems more evident. Howard Rheingold's Smart Mobs is a great primer on this.
 
 
Suprabahpoo
14:12 / 08.12.03
My initial post/topic is a bit vague. My ambling might be from short exposure to many different things and not being well versed yet in any particular theories. To break it down a bit, I could sum up what I’ve had in various classes.

The professor for my Narrative Theory course basically designed her syllabus as a chronological “narrative” of narrative theory – various selections by Henry James’ “theory of fiction”; to formalism & structuralism (Bakhtin, Propp, Greimas); post-structuralist theorists (Barthes, Kermode, Booth, Chatman, Genette); Marxist theorists (Lukacs, Jameson); Feminists theorists (Susan Winnett, Rachel Blau DuPlessis). I might have some of this out of order or in the wrong “camp.”

The Literary Criticism course followed the expected trajectory – very brief exposure to Marxist, psychoanalytic, queer, post-modern, post-structural theories (very, very short readings by Deleuze, J.L. Austin, Freud, Marx, Benjamin, Derrida, Foucault, Lyotard). One of his underlying intents was to address the growing fear/anxiety/disdain for theoretical discourse in academia or contemporary culture (that’s another whole thread...).

The learnability class (‘Learning, Language, and Computation’) is this cross-disciplinary kind of course – moving from innate theories (most reading people in the Chomsky camp – like Stephen Pinker) to the opposing views held by connectionists/emergence theory.
Linguistics vs. neural network models.

The Anthropology of Race class is essential designed around three guiding structures-Pt 1 was numerous introductory articles around the anthro. of race & early thinkers and ‘Racial Formation’ (Franz Boas, DuBois, Omi/Winant, Vijay Prashad, etc.; plus a couple of ethnographies – White by Definition (Creoles) by V. Dominguez, and Blackness & Race Mixture (in Colombia) by P. Wade). Pt 2 is “Racial Discourse” – more articles, as well as Foucault and Said. Pt 3 (post-Foucault) is “Dilemmas of Resisting Racism” (Paul Gilroy, among others).

I’m just rattling off lists of theorists and theories here. Guess I’m wondering two sorts of things. My questions might sound a bit naive & dumb here, having only scattered readings and articles here and there (with a few exceptions - Foucault). On a basic level (in literary theory/criticism) I’m just wondering what comes “next?” After many competing, contradictory schools of theory (feminism, marxism, etc.), after swimming around in a world of post-structural, post-colonial, post-modern theory (deconstruct everything), what then? What might emerge from all of “that?”

There’s also, I think, some really, really interesting, out-there ideas happening in the world of anthropological theory. Reading a Paul Gilroy essay now which is sort of going against the fifteen or so articles by various authors that I just read previously to it, in that he’s criticizing various antiracist ideas, organizations, modes of resistance, etc, and seems to be going for “abandoning” the idea of “race” completely (& imagining a new kind of humanism).

I’m also generally wondering what sorts of interesting, new theory courses might be popping up at various universities. If I did some quick web surfing through various university offerings & programs I’d answer my own question. I’m intrigued by Rushkoff’s “post-linear narrativity” and “theoretical perspectives on interactivity” (teaching Grant Morrison & P-orridge next to Foucault, McLuhan, etc).
As well, my school has a first-time “Game Theory” course next semester. The professor emailed me the syllabus....maybe I’ll post some info. on it...

I’m ambling around here, I know....
 
 
Suprabahpoo
14:31 / 08.12.03
Thanks Tom & Quantum for suggestions on ways I might try to narrow the focus a bit. Great reply also dizfactor - really interesting stuff...

To babble a bit more about my fractals/Heart of Darkness thing above. I was thinking about that sense of repetition in the novel (stuff in the beginning about the Romans sailing up the Thames and seeing "savages"), all that stuff about the water (reflections, ripples) the idea of Marlowe's narrative as a repetetive thing, and Conrad's rhythmic language, etc.

So I was thinking about fractals. I know fuck-all about fractals, except that they look pretty. I did some surfing, and found some Yale site for a course on "fractals in literature and music."
Which, y'know, I thought was just great - fractal theory meets literary criticsm, or something.

It might not have been a class exactly, maybe just some inspired academic. I'll try to find a link maybe...
 
 
Widing
19:47 / 08.12.03
I'm studting contemporary aesthetics an media/communication knowledge. I sould recomend you two german theorists that really has inspired me with their essays:

Wolfgang Welsch has written the book "Undoing Aesthetics" (1997) which has some really inspiering thoughts on reality and the public space. He talks about the hyperaesthetisation, the urban millieu as a clean, beautiful construction. His theorys could explain why graffitti must be ugly or why our thoughts are aesthetically constructed. He has also writteb Aesthetic Thinking, but I haven't read that one.
ISBN: 0 7619 5593 3

My other tips is Friedrich Kittler, who should be translated to english, but I don't now any titles. He combines synth music with german romantics. A wounderfull media analysis of three paradigms. 1800, 1900 and 2000. Very intresting stuff. Especially in war times like now.

Nice topic!

I'm currently writing an aesthetic theory with some friends on particpatory arts and culture. But it woun't be published untill next year. And probably only available in swedish.
___
http://interactingarts.org
 
 
griffle
00:07 / 02.01.04
Hello suprabahpoo! what course are you doing, you seem to be looking at so much? I am going to study Social Anthropology next year. I have very recently read a biography of Hjalmar Schact Hitler's early financier, 'the innocent anthropologist' i cant remember who it is by but it is very good and 'the dispossessed' by Ursula Le Guin.
 
 
dahlia
13:02 / 07.01.04
in my field (sociology, social theory, anthropology and the like), Foucault is going out of fashion (and i use that word intentionally), although the post structuralist influence can still be felt, eh in Nik Rose's work on 'governing the self', about how power relations are internalised by individuals and hence self-monitoring replaces the need for others to control and manage. there is a growing movment to bring class back in, influenced in part by the newly fashionable but sadly deceased Bourdieu.

there's also a turn away from post-structuralism visible in theories such as 'actor network theory', which aims to bring in an understanding of how things (technology) influence societies.

What's needed is a sohpisticated way of addressing neo-darwinism and evolutionary theory that counteracts the emphasis on the biological underpinnings of human behaviour.
 
 
El Presidente
17:05 / 20.01.04
Deleuze is THE major concern of critical theory at the moment, and there is a reexamination of Foucault in light of Deleuzes writings. I would really recommend both parts of Capitalism & Schizophrenia by Deleuze & Gutarri, they contain ideas about everything and the primary goal of the books was for them to be read by teenagers before they were indoctrinated into the capitalist mindset and instead become first woman, then animal, then imperceptible (or Invisible if you will).

D&G's are vast and sprawling, but can be approached from any angle you desire as they cover almost everything anyway.

For an easier and more transparent entry into specifically Deleuzes work I highly recommend 'Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy' by Manuel Delanda. The book is primarily concerned with Deleuzes Ontology (so essentially a shortcut to understanding everything he ever said, or at least understanding the frame work into which everthing else is placed) and approaches it from the study of NON-LINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS which is one of the cutting edge areas of mathematical research at the moment. Its dead easy to get into and combines both cutting edge science, maths and philosophy which can't be bad.
 
 
Mystery Gypt
19:40 / 20.01.04
so... Non-Linear Dynamical Systems? sounds hot... how about a couple words on what that's all about?
 
 
Jackie Susann
21:47 / 20.01.04
Deleuze is so over! You could be cool quoting D&G in the late 90s, but now it's strictly the punk rock of theory (i.e., for people who think boring 20 year old transgressive poses are some kind of cutting edge). And I would hardly say Intensive Science is an accessible introduction, I found it dense and boring as fuck.

The cutting edge at the moment seems to me to be dissing Agamben. As far as I can tell, this means in, say, two years the cool thing to do will be to defend him against all these attacks, so true theoretical hipsters will be working on his stuff now, setting themselves up to be included in the first Agamben anthologies (bound to be seeing cfps soon...)
 
 
Creepster
21:59 / 20.01.04
I think Lacan is in the process of becoming truely influential, because of the promenance and credibility of his interpereters (ie Miller, Zizek, Copjec, Zupancic etc) and the increasing availability of translations. also i think it is a testament to the compelling truth of his work and its vast complexity that it might achieve international influence late. corraspondingly there should be a declining interest in Delueze, Derrida( though less so), and "post-structuralisms" generally. following the hypothetical though there might be an increase in intrest in the things important for understaNDING lacan, such as structuralism, Freud (though it might go without saying), hegel, heidegger etc..
 
 
El Presidente
18:06 / 26.01.04
I really really do not see anyone with any sense promoting a return to essentialism.
 
 
Creepster
23:18 / 26.01.04
is that a response to my post Mr. Presedent? where is the essentialism?

i suppose thats common-sense you refer to as sense.
 
 
Jackie Susann
04:41 / 27.01.04
Actually, I think it is both inevitable and already in progress - see, for example, Manuel de Landa, Eve Sedgwick, Elspeth Probyn, and no doubt others who are not leaping to mind. It's not a return to essentialism as such, but a recognition that the supposed critique of essentialism isn't particularly good at distinguishing babies from bathwater.
 
 
El Presidente
14:27 / 29.01.04
Well apart from the fact that Delanda is a Realist or Neo-Materialist I guess you could say he's returning to Essentialism....
 
 
Jackie Susann
22:27 / 29.01.04
whatever he calls himself, he's forever taking potshots against anti-essentialist arguments. he does it in both nonlinear history and intensive science and a bunch of essays and stuff. also if we're being picky i would question whether de landa counts as someone with any sense but no, i guess i like him.
 
 
alas
22:43 / 29.01.04
From my vantage point--which is getting dated as i've been out of grad school a few years--I think there's still some work that's trying to maintain the political impetus to theory, problematic as those linkages are, in that it's obviously complicated by the insights of people like Gramsci, Foucault, D&G, etc . . . . So work on Marxist/postMarxist but pro-exploited classes readings of globalization that seek to explore, in more sophisticated ways the connections between the global economy, its history, and what we used to call the "superstructure" . . .cultural artifacts. How does the mulinational-driven economic theory drive/ connect to cultural production on all levels? What is the relation between the stories told in our multiply mediated environments and ideology?

Who are the best people to read, these days, on these topics?
 
 
Skeleton Camera
02:13 / 30.01.04
I attended a lecture today on the relationship between visual cultural and Deleuze/Gottari's "rhizome" thinking, which would begin to define the concepts of visual culture independently of art-history-criticism dogma. The idea of the rhizome leads to a much more synthesizing or synergetic approach to art and its relations to philosophy, science, et al. I'm continually at odds with art-world dogma and divisionistic thought as a whole, so this came as a breath of fresh air.

Not to mention the perceived similarities between rhizomes and memes. If the idea behind rhizomatic thinking is the creation of concepts, or the formation of concepts, that sounds very similar to memetic theory and memeplexes...
 
 
Creepster
02:17 / 30.01.04
this is truely a false dichotomey though, to comflate psychoanalysis and essentialism opposed to ""post-modernism"". the oedipus complex is not apriori and it is in each case always 'particular'. as such it is in time that the psychoanalytic subject is formed.

this dichotomy is designed to obviate the contingent, founded, symbolic subject of the unconscious, the subject proper for lacan, in the service of the the transendental ego of the philosophical/christian traditions that has a soul or a will opposed the substance proper of the external world. subject/object. thus descarte lives in your postmodern valorisation of cosciousness which is the real essentialism.
 
 
Pepsi Max
11:41 / 04.02.04
Dead Crunch Pirate> I work for a multinational IT services company and in a seminar 6 mths ago, one of the presenters name-checked Deleuze as a key influence. Given that Deleuze & Guatteri did their most interesting work in 70s, your punk analogy is quite apt from the perspective of their fans - altho their work itself reminds me more of prog (have you ever weighed A Thousand Plateaus?) - an attempt to wield different areas together that was only partially successful then and a little embarrassing now.

Anglo-American humanities academics has been strip-mining 20th Century European thinkers and writers for the last 30-40 years. I hope to fuck we're not heading for a Lacan revival, I find him completely incomprehensible.

Elsewhere, the dire financial straits affecting many universities have been mentioned. I sincerely hope one side effect of this will be to force "Theory" academics to examine disciplines they have previously thought beneath them.

Innovation comes through starvation and pressure and people (including academics) only learn when they have to.
 
 
Creepster
19:54 / 04.02.04
i agree with Dread though, we are in the midst of Lacans great postumos come back. and because of its grounding in praxsis (theory/practice) i think this trend will be a long-term one set to change the theory stage.

Lacan assumes a thorough knowledege of Freud, so without that one comes to the task of understanding Lacan with a very considerable handycap. thats not all he asumes though. an idea of structuralism also helps and koyeve's hegel and perhaps heidegger. he makes good use of notables in the field of logical positivism. Freud though is the most important.
 
 
J Mellott
17:30 / 05.02.04
When I graduated in 2002, Foucault was noticeably on the decline (in literary studies, at least). As for a possible re-emergence of Lacan, I really don't see it happening unless feminist film theory all of the sudden becomes important (read slightly relevant). I am musing thoughts of returning to school, but not in literature. Not only because here in the States its next to impossible to get an academic job with an English PhD unless you're a genius, well connected, or smart enough to predict academic fashion while in your dissertation planning stages. Existentialism could make a comeback if it allied itself with the findings of particle physics.

In my absence from the classroom I have finally realized the main two reasons I wish to avoid the critical theory minefield of literary studies. First, I think critical theory seems mostly incompatible with any sort of empirical testing. It falls into that lovely realm that logicians like to call "meaningless". That doesn't mean I think critical theory lack any value, its just that you cannot evaluate the claims of critical theory in terms of true/false/maybe. Second, critical theory often tries to vocalize the non-verbal, a definitionally hopeless project. Kristeva appears particularly horrible from this perspective.

Or maybe Robert Anton Wilson's work influences me far more than it should. Who knows?

I will make one assertion. I think critical theory is in for a neo-platonic backlash. The books of Julius Evola could be involved. Scary.
 
 
Jackie Susann
21:46 / 05.02.04
Creep - I meant a (for want of better phrase) pro-essentialist movement was in progress, not a neo-Lacanian one. I think the latter is highly unlikely, given the most prominent contemporary Lacanian, Zizek, gets his appeal almost entirely from personal charisma and the ability to translate more or less anything (including Lacan) into Zizek-ese. I think if Zizek has a really strong influence on new theoretical trends, it won't be in the specifics of his theory but in making unexpected re-readings of other theorists hip.

Also, Lacanian theory grounded in praxis? Whuh?
 
 
Creepster
05:08 / 06.02.04
Dread - thats very pessimistic. only fashion no truth. well it brings us promptly to the virtue of praxis..

yes praxis of course. the psychoanalytic "practice" of interpreting dreams, jokes, parapraxises, guided by psychoanalytic "concepts" or "theory", = "praxis".
 
 
Jackie Susann
02:11 / 07.02.04
Do you really think academia's a meritocracy, though? And I don't think fashion is opposed to truth anyway. Take the current enthusiasm for Deleuze (or past ones for Derrida, Foucault, Lacan, whoever); it's obviously a trend, but that doesn't mean good work doesn't come out of it.

And if that's praxis, so is lit crit (interpreting texts guided by concepts). It's a very broad definition.
 
 
Creepster
04:46 / 07.02.04
no its not necessarily a meritocracy, but the zizek charm you allude to has more than a little to do with perspicacity, which i think has something to do with the ground of praxis.

well i didnt want bore you with detail but when in psychoanalytic practice, the meaning of the symptom is revealed, made conscious, the symptom disappears. so no its not at all equivalent to "lit crit" (note the strong potential for a slip of the tongue).
 
 
Jackie Susann
20:53 / 08.02.04
I think Zizek can be incredibly insightful, and his early stuff is obviously brilliant, but I think more and more he is coasting on his charisma, re-publishing the same book with different ostensible subjects. At this point, I think he's the Seinfeld of critical theory. Like, the show's about nothing except the amusing foibles of the lead character.

And, without getting into an extended debate on the nuances of psychoanalytic practice, I just don't think it works like that. Or that well. Or that it works at all. Isn't the point of Lacanian theory that the ultimate 'symptom' is the subject's conscious identity, making analysis interminable and necessarily incomplete?
 
 
Creepster
22:00 / 08.02.04
no i dont think so. perhaps its more ambitious than classical freudian analysis as it aim at a transformation of the drive and so might take longer than otherwise.
 
 
Jackie Susann
04:44 / 09.02.04
But it's not as if you're ever actually cured - analysis has no end point, either for Freud or Lacan.

Maybe this should move to a new thread on Lacan etc.?
 
 
Creepster
21:49 / 09.02.04
i dont mind if you start one, but im just as happy here.

well what do you mean cured? cured of what?

the symptom, such as obsessions, hysteria, or whatever, is 'cured' when the pathogenic 'idea' expressed metaphorically in the 'symptom' is 'put into words' or made conscious. Freud's motto is "where 'it'(id) was so i(ego) shall be".
 
 
sine
20:01 / 29.03.04
Just curious: is the question of this thread confined to the bleeding edge of the liberal arts/humanities i.e. criticism? If so, I still have contributions, but I'm just back from grad school at Cambridge, and conversations there have also left me fairly up-to-speed on Law, Economics, Physics, Theology...is there room for these here?
 
 
bjacques
12:58 / 30.03.04
Funny you should ask.

Astronomy: I remember when Jupiter had only 12 moons, Saturn had 9, and Pluto had none, never mind the tenth thingy they found 2 weeks ago, the water ice at our moon's poles or the traces of salt water on Mars. The last one's causing a major re-think of theories.

(more thread rot)

Did anyone ever apply evolutionary niche theory to human history, marrying Great Men to social forces? It seemed like an obvious thing to when working out why the US and Germany both suffered Depressions, but the US got lucky in 1932, electing FDR instead of someone like Hitler. Unless serious historiography has superseded both categories.

I figured someone here would know the answer to this.

(/thread rot)
 
 
bjacques
13:02 / 30.03.04
Economics: Somebody finally created a model that does away with the fiction that all players in the market are perfectly knowledgeable *and* always act in their own best interests. Got the Nobel Prize, too, if I recall correctly.

I'm waiting for someone to better tie politics to economics. Democracy isn't worth anything if voters can't get the day off to go vote, or that popular votes can be effectively nullified by lobbying or international economic treaties.
 
  

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