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Abduction as a cognitive process?

 
 
ciarconn
21:50 / 30.04.02
What does abduction mean in cognitive sciences/epistemology?
A friend of mine asked me on that. She said something about a Pierce, I think, who spoke about "induction, deduction and abduction"
Can anyone clear this to me, please?
Is this somehow related to the old concept of abstraction?
 
 
The Monkey
23:56 / 30.04.02
Dictionary definition of "abduct" is all I can find, "take away (espe. person) by force or fraud; (of muscle, etc.) to draw limb from normal position."To extrapolate from there, I think the cog sci meaning is a process of inferrence using elimination...but I'm really just guessing.
 
 
Rev. Orr
07:51 / 01.05.02
Are you sure you didn't mis-hear the word "adduction" which is to cite a precedent or to construct an argument based on previous works regarded as unquestionable? It was the basis of most medieval reasoning and seems alive and well today (as in "but Grant Morrison says...").
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
07:51 / 01.05.02
C.S Peirce, I assume - American. His idea of "abduction" was originally a version of inference or hypothesis - essentially, accepting a conclusion on the grounds that it best explains the available evidence. So, if somebody comes into your house, and he has wet hair and is wearing galoshes, one could abduce that he had walked to your house in the rain.

It has another, far broader Peircian meaning, which I am a bit hazy on, but basically concerns the process of examining every available hypothesis and how one accepts or discards them, based on the assumption that the universe tends to continuity (synechism). So, I guess, it makes more sense to hypothesise that the hair is wet because it is raining than that it spontaneousloney became wet or was dampened by elves, both because walking through rain has observably made hair wet before and that the comprehended effect of rain is to make hair wet. Having recently wahed hair also makes hair wet, but walking through non-rain having just washed your hair does not necessitate galoshes, and so on.
 
 
ciarconn
11:57 / 01.05.02
Thank you, I will pass the information with due credits
 
 
gahnett
02:40 / 27.12.12
Peircean abduction has a specific structure. He says,

The surprising fact, C, is observed.
But if A were true, C would be a matter of course,
Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true.

You can write this as simply as, you have C, infer A goes to C.

So, just think about that problem really deeply paying special attention to what you MUST have for something to be a surprise (specific expectation) or a suspicion (uncertainty).

So basically, it's a simple tool for generating the best hypothesis to test under uncertainty.
 
 
jgbell
06:38 / 04.01.13
Abduction is a process I've often heard spoken of in relation to design thinking as well. For example, What is Design Thinking? by Roger Martin offers the following:

"Whether they realize it or not, designers live in Peirce’s world of abduction; they actively look for new data points, challenge accepted explanations, and infer possible new worlds."
 
  
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