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Christianity - the end point of Paganism?

 
  

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grim reader
12:13 / 03.04.08
Hi folks

I 'reverted' to the Roman Catholic Church, meaning I was brought up in the faith, stopped attending Mass about the age of 16 or so, then came back at the age of about 25. In the intervening years, i was influenced by a lot of ideas about the nature of the sacred such as buddhism, neo-paganism and magic (I was very interested in the Kaballah and would still love to see a serious orthodox take on it).

I know most people on this board consider themselves pagans, magicians, or something similar, so wanted to throw out this link to a Catholic apologist called Mark Shea about paganism. It describes well the place I found myself in when confronted with the choice between treating Jesus as one of a number of essentially imaginary deities, or (as the Church claimed) the One True God who had entered history and become incarnate as a man. In the end, I found the Church was the only thing that even claimed to fulfill the pagan promises that attracted me away from it in the first place!

I post an extract of the most pertinent part of Mark's article below, but the whole thing is worth reading. Reactions, critiques, questions welcome.

The first thing to note about paganism, is the last thing that I note: it is seeking something. Paganism is, according to G.K. Chesterton, a search. Chesterton had a very high regard for pre-Christian paganism. He famously said that paganism was the attempt to reach God through the imagination. He declared, “Paganism was the largest thing in the world and Christianity was larger; and everything else has been comparatively small.” The thing it is seeking is the thing we all seek: the thing St. Thomas says we can’t not seek—happiness.

But that brings us to our second point: namely that paganism takes two basic forms: pre-Christian and post-Christian. Pre-Christian paganism was, says philosopher Peter Kreeft, a virgin. Post-Christian paganism is, he adds, a divorcee. And that matters enormously because there are two basic reasons people ask questions: to find something out and to keep from finding something out.

Pre-Christian paganism was (for the most part) an attempt to find God. It was (as we shall see in our next discussion) often alloyed with all sorts of error and hampered by original sin. But the fundamental goal was a search for God. As such, it was ordered toward reality, though much hampered in the pursuit by the effects of sin.

Post-Christian paganism is, first and foremost, a search for an escape from God. It is a hunt for the blessings of heaven without the trouble of submitting to heaven. As such, it is ordered toward unreality, though much hampered in the pursuit by the work of the Holy Spirit.
 
 
Gypsy Lantern
14:43 / 03.04.08
I haven't got time this afternoon to read the article in full, but your summation of it does come across as rather problematic in its depiction of "paganism" and its interactions with Christianity. I would say that the word "paganism" itself actually presents a few problems as a concept, as it is formulated from a Christian perspective and with a Christian bias. That is, other spiritualities that flourished before the advent of Christianity probably did not consider themselves "pagan", and this is by definition a pejorative term later appended by Christians to describe these earlier faiths.

I'm also not sure what you're getting at with "a number of essentially imaginary deities". I can assure you - having had close encounters with both gentlemen - that Shango is just as real as JC. My own spiritual road is very obviously post-Christian, in that it incorporates both "paganism" and Christianity into a cohesive and pragmatic whole. For me, the two positions are not in conflict but complement one another.

My working model of deity is that the full spectrum of "pagan" Gods are akin to Saints or Archangels in a purely Christian model, and collectively function as emanations of the One God that is all things in the universe. Through devotion to, say, Oshun, I come to understand the part of God that is present in the world as beauty, love, joy, pleasure, femininity. Through devotion to Ogun I come to understand the part of God that manifests as civilisation, building, conflict, competitiveness. Through devotion to Christ, I can understand God the Son, an aspect of God in its highest emanation, that has much in common with deities such as Obatala, Oxala and Dambala. Peace, love, compassion, humility, spiritual teachings for the planet.

From a Qabalistic perspective, God is the whole Tree of Life. Its highest aspect is the White Light of Kether, and we can come to understand God through this lens, just as we can come to understand God manifested through the lens of Netzach, Geburah, Binah, etc. There is no part of the Tree that is not of God, just as there is no part of the Universe that is not of God. I have space for all of the mysteries of creation in my cosmology, and all are refractions of the One Light. It is possible to consider deity as the many, and it is possible to consider deity as the One. These are not mutually exclusive positions, and to argue otherwise is to participate in the sort of meaninglessly ignorant tribal war that has plagued our species for centuries and got us no closer to an understanding of the essential nature of the mysteries we are each trying to model in our diverging spiritual systems and traditions.

So to be blunt, it's both incorrect and a little patronising to be told that I am searching for "an escape from God", on the grounds of my polytheism, when my devotion to many deities are, for me, a road towards better understanding the multiplicity of experiences and modes of being that the One God has chosen to manifest itself as in the universe at large. I cannot conceive of a One God that is not "all things", therefore to understand the One God and how this Divine concept relates to and interacts with nature, humanity and reality as we know it, I look towards the many ways the Divine actually expresses itself *within* nature, humanity and reality as we know it.

This is essentially what "paganism" attempts to do, with its many deities which are each expressive of certain core "mysteries of existence". Classical "paganism" - in a lot of its forms but not exclusively - tends not to have the greater concept of all of these mysteries collectively comprising the One God. For me, this over-arching sense of the One God that is All Things in the Universe, is one of the most beautiful and transcendent aspects of Christianity, and I really have a lot of time for this conception of deity. I am personally interested, not in a return to classical "paganism" that rejects 2000 years of Christianity and pretends its cultural impact on the west never happened, and sets up this false dichotomy between these Gods over here and that God over there. I am interested in an outlook on spirituality that is truly Post-Christian, in that it draws from both Christianity and "paganism" in an effort to better understand the essential truths of spirituality that I believe both perspectives are attempting to fathom in their discourse.

I think the extracts from the article you have posted just seem to betray the author's ignorance of the subject at hand, and tend to suggest that he hasn't really spoken to many articulate "pagans" about their beliefs. I am certainly not a "divorcee post-Christian looking, not for God, but for something—anything—else". Attitudes like this are at best self-serving and self-congratulatory, and at worst, simply promoting uninformed, ignorant and unnecessary caricatures of the religious beliefs of others.

Lots of mileage in this thread though, so thanks for posting.
 
 
*
16:48 / 03.04.08
Is the only monotheism under discussion here Christianity? Because that may be just as problematic as the blanket declarative statements about "Post-Christian paganism", which label encompasses a vast number of different theologies.

I'd like to share some of my thoughts as someone co-practicing mystical Judaism and Post-Christian paganism, but I don't want to derail the discussion into an inquiry into the merits of Judaism as a valid monotheistic faith.
 
 
grim reader
17:47 / 03.04.08
Hi Gypsy Lantern

It is pretty clear that 'pagan' in the Chestertonian sense is not intended perjoratively, any more than 'Christian' is meant as perjorative these days even though it was meant to be when coined. As for whether pre-christian religions called themselves pagan, i don't know if they did or not, but if you will allow that the term is being used in a technical (rather than polemical) sense you will see, i hope, that it serves merely to distinguish monotheism from polytheistic or pantheistic beliefs. And as i understand it, there are many self-declared pagans around these days, so its not really a case of christians branding others.

I don't know who Shango or the other deities you mention are. I don't doubt you have had encounters with apparent deities, just as I have. But the question is whether they have any reality outside of our imaginations, and I could not say with any certainty that they do. The way you place Jesus Christ on the same level as other deities is not dissimilar to how I treated Him before committing to Catholicism. I was happy to pray to all sorts of beings, rationalising them as aspects of the same God. However, one particular problem with this as i see it is that Christ himself was the incarnation of the jealous God of the Hebrews who commanded 'Do not have any other God before me'. In the New Testament, too, there is a clear rejection of what were considered superstitious beliefs which clouded the truth as Paul and company saw it. Whatever Jesus it is you are placing on the same level as these other deities is not the one that walked this earth and who is recorded in the biblical texts, because He would never allow himself be marginalised as just another god among many. It was grappling with the challenge of Christ's historicity which eventually forced me to admit all this spiritual stuff did in fact find it's fulfilment in Christ's church.

Your working model of deity is interesting as far as it goes but it is, at the end of the day, man-made. The claim of the Christian is that their way is God-made, a claim which has to be examined and ultimately either rejected or affirmed. I don't see how it can be absorbed within a polytheistic model and remain true to Christ.

So to be blunt, it's both incorrect and a little patronising to be told that I am searching for "an escape from God", on the grounds of my polytheism...

You have clearly taken offense at the 'divorcee' characterisation of post-christian pagans. I never accused you of searching for an escape from God. I realise you have not read the original article, but would recommend you do so (it isn't very long). When you check it out, you will see this remark:

Now it should be noted here that merely living in the 21st Century does not automatically make you a post-Christian pagan. It is quite possible for pre-Christian pagans to exist in this day and age.

I honestly don't know whether your paganism can be classified as pre- or post-christian. In the terms of the article, you would only be fleeing God if your understanding is post-Christian. The question is, have you grappled with the claims made by Christ and his Church? I suspect you have not, otherwise you would not be under the impression that Christ can be placed alongside other deities as equals. Therefore I'm quite prepared to accept that your religious practice is 'pre-christian' in the sense that it is an attempt to find God, not escape from Him. I say this not out of arrogance, but out of an honest belief that God is truly to be found in Christ.

@ id.entity.thing
I certainly have nothing against you discussing Judaism here if you consider it relevant. As far as I'm concerned, Jesus is the incarnation of the God of the Hebrews.
 
 
harmonic series
18:42 / 03.04.08
First,

Could you more clearly define what you consider pagan? Do you mean any polytheistic religion or you talking about 1 in particular?

Incidentally, Wikepedia comments that, "The term "pagan" is a Christian adaptation of the "gentile" of Judaism, and as such has an inherent Christian or Abrahamic bias, and pejorative connotations among Westerners." I mention it here because I am slightly offended at this lumping together and broad generalization of all things 'pagan' (the word of course simply meaning from the country or country folk).

I will assume until corrected that you mean people who practice Wicca for pagan.

Commenting on the Mark Shea excerpt (which quotes G.K. Chesterson): This passage is riddled with abstract, highly personal and unfounded beliefs:

First, this article presupposes that their is only one specific capital G, God. But how can one argue paganism, a polytheistic practice, based on a situation that has nothing to do with it. Unless you want to define God...

"Paganism is an attempt to reach God through the imagination." What does this mean? In Christian churches does God or Jesus walk in at every service and shake everybody's hand, give a speech, eat brunch with the followers afterward? No, he doesn't- and thus, the people in the church and in the faith are thinking about God with their minds- which is, of course, their imagination! Okay, so, let's say this very vague statement about paganism and imagination was true- it would be exactly the same for Christianity.

"The first thing to note about paganism, is the last thing that I note: it is seeking something." (Pretending this statement isn't laughingly vague) I think, if anything, paganism (here Wicca) seeks less than Christianity because it works with what is already there, what is visible, the seasons, the harvest, the amount of light which exists for each day while Christians 'seek' the abstract eternal life, passage into heaven.

"The thing it is seeking is the thing we all seek: the thing St. Thomas says we can’t not seek—happiness." Paganism is seeking happiness? Who told you that?
Is the statement saying that people don't like to suffer? Surprise! No one likes to be in pain because they're not supposed to- pain is a biological warning that things are not working properly. So, people want to feel good. Christians want to feel good, pagans want to feel good, atheists want to feel good. Everyone wants to feel good. Thus, "Paganism... is seeking something...happiness", effectively says nothing specific about paganism, but rather a general statement about having nerve-endings and neurons.

Finally, you ask, "Is Christianity the end of Paganism?" No: a polytheistic belief does not necessarily lead to Christianity. Why would it? Because as you feel, "In the end, I found the Church was the only thing that even claimed to fulfill the pagan promises that attracted me away from it in the first place". What were these "promises"? Were they outlined for you somewhere or was it your own creation of beliefs based on what you personally desired. Wear something that fits. If Christianity fits you, great. If Buddhism fits you, I think that's wonderful. But why, why would somebody content with their 'pagan' belief system change to Christianity? So, I suppose the answer is, if somebody is not fulfilled by their pagan belief system, they may adopt Christianity. Or they may not. A catchy title all the same.
 
 
grim reader
21:49 / 03.04.08
hey harmonic series

I am slightly offended at this lumping together and broad generalization of all things 'pagan' (the word of course simply meaning from the country or country folk).

Your questions surrounding the use of the term pagan are perhaps best cleared up by following the link I presented in the original post. I did not re-publish the entire article here because I didn't think it was appropriate to rip of Mr Shea's work like that, nor to post an unnecessarily long item on this forum. I think I also covered that ground in my post to Gypsy Lantern, which perhaps you did not get to see before posting yours.

It is worth considering, also, that Shea and Chesterton consider the word 'pagan' to be more or less synonymous with 'human', and are not at all antithetical to the pagans.

By the way, I don't see any evidence in the article that Shea is only talking about Wiccans. As for Chesterton, I don't think Wicca was around when he was writing about this stuff.

To respond to your other points:

First, this article presupposes that their is only one specific capital G, God. But how can one argue paganism, a polytheistic practice, based on a situation that has nothing to do with it. Unless you want to define God...
Well, that’s called Christianity. I’m not sure what exactly your objection is here.

"Paganism is an attempt to reach God through the imagination." What does this mean? In Christian churches does God or Jesus walk in at every service and shake everybody's hand, give a speech, eat brunch with the followers afterward? No, he doesn't-

In actual fact, yes, He does, according to orthodox teaching. Jesus, who is God, makes himself present through the Mass - he makes the bread and wine his body and blood (the doctrine of transubstantiation).

...and thus, the people in the church and in the faith are thinking about God with their minds- which is, of course, their imagination! Okay, so, let's say this very vague statement about paganism and imagination was true- it would be exactly the same for Christianity.

You seem to be very defensive about the fact it has been suggested that the gods are imaginary. I don't have a problem with the sacred nature of the imagination, so it doesn't upset me that you have pointed out that I and other Christians use our imaginations, as we use the whole of our being, in our worship. However, we also maintain that the perfectly valid yearning for sacrament, expressed through the imagination and felt by Christians and pagans alike, only makes a connection to reality through the figure of Christ.

"The first thing to note about paganism, is the last thing that I note: it is seeking something." (Pretending this statement isn't laughingly vague) I think, if anything, paganism (here Wicca) seeks less than Christianity because it works with what is already there, what is visible, the seasons, the harvest, the amount of light which exists for each day while Christians 'seek' the abstract eternal life, passage into heaven.

You paint a very sad picture of Wicca that sounds a bit like burying one's head in the sand, satisfied as it is with the merely visible. That sounds to me like the post-Christian form of paganism critiqued by Shea and Kreeft. Your characterisation of Christianity, in the case of Roman Catholicism at least, is just incorrect and sounds closer to the Gnostic heresy. We seek the Kingdom of God, which is where God's will is done. That is Heaven but His will can also be done on earth, whence it becomes Heaven. There is nothing abstract about this, as there is nothing abstract about Christ's resurrection; Jesus was raised in body, and ascended to physically occupy heaven. By contrast, the resurrection myths abstractly map onto cycles of the seasons and so on.


Finally, you ask, "Is Christianity the end point of Paganism?" No: a polytheistic belief does not necessarily lead to Christianity. Why would it? Because as you feel, "In the end, I found the Church was the only thing that even claimed to fulfil the pagan promises that attracted me away from it in the first place". What were these "promises"? Were they outlined for you somewhere or was it your own creation of beliefs based on what you personally desired.

In answer to the 'why would it', my contention is that Christianity is true, which is as good a reason as any for a truthful search to turn it up as 'the answer'.

As for the 'promises', that is a most valid question. My own spiritual search has been for something that verified and articulated the sense of the sacred that I think most of us feel instinctively merely by dint of being human. Paganism seemed to promise that, and maybe seeing that promise there was my error. Whether or not this was the case, paganism never lived up to it.

Wear something that fits. If Christianity fits you, great. If Buddhism fits you, I think that's wonderful. But why, why would somebody content with their 'pagan' belief system change to Christianity? So, I suppose the answer is, if somebody is not fulfilled by their pagan belief system, they may adopt Christianity. Or they may not. A catchy title all the same.

That is a laudable, open minded and tolerant attitude, and one which I would have agreed with heartily before being 'struck by the lightning bolt', so to speak. However, there are a couple of objections to such an attitude:

1)Christianity doesn't necessarily 'fit' in any comfortable manner. It makes very high demands upon its followers, demanding acknowledgement that we are sinners. If it was a mere matter of finding something that fits, I think Christianity would be very unsuccessful, because it is often a challenging and uncomfortable faith, which brings me to the second objection:

2)The reason that people still become Christians despite it's uncomfortable and challenging nature is because they think it is True, and, surely, the measure of a belief system is not whether it makes us feel warm and fluffy inside, but how much truth it contains.

Many thanks to all for a most thought-provoking discussion.
 
 
*
22:40 / 03.04.08
I certainly have nothing against you discussing Judaism here if you consider it relevant. As far as I'm concerned, Jesus is the incarnation of the God of the Hebrews.

I understood that to be your position when you identified yourself as Catholic. As far as I'm concerned, he was a good man, a good Jew, and a good Rebbe who knew his Torah. I hold that Moshiach is potential in all people, not a literal individual, whether this Yeshua ben Yosef or any other. The difference is a doxical one, and it doesn't prevent me from regarding your religion as valid—or, I presume, the reverse.

Good. Now that we're both clear on our respective beliefs...

I find honoring Divine unity in my Jewish practice extremely fulfilling. And I find the practice of honoring Divine plurality in the form of my pagan practice extremely fulfilling. Each kind of relationship with the Divine has its Holiness for me. If I related to the Divine only as a unity, I might eventually come to forget Its distinct presence in each of the infinite things. If I related to the Divine only as plurality, I might eventually come to forget that Holiness transcends apparent differences.

Like GL, I don't accept the dichotomy between this "real" God and that "imaginary" one. If there is a Divine at all, it must transcend our limited and limiting categories. Then the real God over here and the imaginary God over there are the same thing viewed from different perspectives. To call part of it imaginary is nothing less than a failure of faith. The moment you say that God is not this or not that—for instance, that there is nothing of God in a Hindu shrine or in a tree or in pig flesh or in a gay pride parade—you have declared that you can only conceive of a God who is not infinite, a God who is limited by human reason. To me that is blasphemy, nothing less than putting a mask before the face of God. And the moment you say that God is only this or that—that God is only goodness, or only the creative force, or only one being, or only feminine or masculine—you do the same. This, I believe, is what is meant by saying "You shall put no other Gods before my face" (a more literal translation, I am told, of the Hebrew that is commonly rendered "You shall have no other gods before me"). It means "Do not misunderstand God as residing in God's totality in the golden calf. God resides in the golden calf no more than God resides in the living calf, the living human, or the living earth."

You seem to be saying that Jesus is not just a manifestation of the Divine, but the totality of the Divine made flesh. I hear that's your doctrine, and I respect it, and it has no bearing on my experience of the Divine—in the Unity I call HaShem that you call the God of the Hebrews, or in the plurality of the Gods I know.

Your argument so far is not very developed. You've said that other Gods are imaginary, that Jesus is real, and that the real Jesus cannot be treated as a manifestation of the Divine in the way that the Gods are. I'm not offended by the description of the Gods as imaginary or by Jesus as real; what I find myself stuck on is your acceptance of these terms as opposites. I also find myself troubled by the logical loophole you have given yourself here: if any of us have a relationship with Jesus that is different from yours, then we have a case of mistaken identity. It's true because it is true, and other people's experiences are not true in the same way, because you didn't get struck with them by a lightning bolt. So far this argument isn't very compelling to me. I hope you'll develop it further.
 
 
EvskiG
23:21 / 03.04.08
Hoo boy, I don't even know where to start.

It was grappling with the challenge of Christ's historicity which eventually forced me to admit all this spiritual stuff did in fact find it's fulfilment in Christ's church.

First, the historicity of Jesus is questionable. Second, even if he did exist, the idea that the Gospels (which, of course, contradict each other, including on some critical issues) provide any record of what he said or did is even more questionable. Third, there's an important distinction to be made between the historical Jesus (to the extent he existed) and his teachings (to the extent we know what they are) and the idea of Jesus as Christ, which was created by a guy (Paul) who never met Jesus and seems to have had drastically different ideas than the people who actually may have known him (like Peter/Cephas and James).

If you want, we can discuss the issue in excruciating detail, from Josephus to James the Just to the Essenes to the Ebionites to Hellenistic aretalogies to apotheosis narratives. (Or I could just suggest that you read a few books, just as you suggested we read the above article.)

As far as I'm concerned, Jesus is the incarnation of the God of the Hebrews. . . . Christ himself was the incarnation of the jealous God of the Hebrews who commanded 'Do not have any other God before me'.

You don't seem to have a very, er, Catholic view of the Trinity, which (while noting that the Father and Son have the same substance/essence) usually equates the God of the Hebrews (why did you choose to use "Hebrews," rather than Jews, by the way?) with God the Father rather than Jesus.

The question is, have you grappled with the claims made by Christ and his Church? I suspect you have not, otherwise you would not be under the impression that Christ can be placed alongside other deities as equals. . . . I say this not out of arrogance, but out of an honest belief that God is truly to be found in Christ.

Too bad, because it sounds like arrogance.
 
 
EvskiG
23:30 / 03.04.08
Ah, found my Catechism.

According to the Catholic Church itself, "the Church calls 'Incarnation' the fact that the Son of God assumed a human nature in order to accomplish our salvation in it."

The Son, not the Father, is what was "incarnated" -- made flesh in the historical person of Jesus.

If you believe that sort of thing.

And seven angels can dance on the head of a pin.
 
 
EvskiG
23:50 / 03.04.08
Christianity doesn't necessarily 'fit' in any comfortable manner. It makes very high demands upon its followers, demanding acknowledgement that we are sinners.

Seems to me that, like shoes, different forms of Christianity fit different people in different manners, some of which are more comfortable than others, some of which demand more than others, and some of which emphasize sin more than others.

And some (maybe even most) forms allow varying degrees of commitment. Not everyone has to be a monk.

The reason that people still become Christians . . . is because they think it is True, and, surely, the measure of a belief system is not whether it makes us feel warm and fluffy inside, but how much truth it contains.

Of course, the fact that one thinks something is true does not mean that it is true (or contains truth), and does not even provide any meaningful support for whether it is true.
 
 
Tuna Ghost: Pratt knot hero
01:17 / 04.04.08
First, the historicity of Jesus is questionable. Second, even if he did exist, the idea that the Gospels (which, of course, contradict each other, including on some critical issues) provide any record of what he said or did is even more questionable.

See this earlier thread for a discussion about the historocity of Jesus of Nazareth. Some relevant parts:

In The Historical Figure of Jesus, E.P. Sanders used Alexander the Great as a paradigm—-the available sources tell us much about Alexander’s deeds, but nothing about his thoughts. "The sources for Jesus are better, however, than those that deal with Alexander" and "the superiority of evidence for Jesus is seen when we ask what he thought."[59] Thus, Sanders considers the quest for the Historical Jesus to be much closer to a search for historical details on Alexander than to those historical figures with adequate documentation.

Personally, I happen to agree with this (also the fact that virtually every scholar I've spoken with does not have a problem believing that someone who would eventually be referred to as Jesus lived and taught and was eventually put to death for sedition by Rome speaks volumes for me. An appeal to authority? Maybe.)

It should be noted that claiming that the relatively few contradictions in the synoptic Gospels prevent a consistent message from being transmitted is simply not true. Whether the message provided in the Gospels is the true message is debatable, but really, I'm not sure how anyone can claim to be able to pick out the "true" message from all the different opinions, many of which differ only slightly.

In the first three centuries, there were many different branches of Christianity, or rather, a much, much wider range of beliefs and not much in the way of organization. The reasons why the Catholic Church came to be what it is and why the Nicean Council choose the books it did is a very interesting story. I made a thread that goes into this, you can find it here.

Here's the bit from Elaine Pagels that starts off the thread:

It is the winners who write history--their way. No wonder, then, that the viewpoint of the successful majority has dominated all traditional accounts of the origin of Christianity. Ecclesiastical Christians first defined the terms (naming themselves "orthodox" and their opponents "heretics"); then they proceeded to demonstrate--at least to their own satisfaction--that their triumph was historically inevitble, or, in religious terms, "guided by the Holy Spirit."

But the discoveries at Nag Hammadi reopen fundamental questions. They suggest that Christianity might have developed in very different directions--or that Christianity as we know it might not have survived at all. Had Christianity remained multiform, it might well have disappeared from history, along with dozens of rival religious cults of antiquity. I believe that we owe the survival of Christian tradition to the organizational and theological structure that the emerging church developed.


Third, there's an important distinction to be made between the historical Jesus (to the extent he existed)...

...do you mean to say that the Historical Jesus might have existed only a little bit or something? I don't think you meant to say that.

and his teachings (to the extent we know what they are)...

Personally I think it's a safe assumption that he said a lot of things to a lot of people, who in turn told a lot of other people.

and the idea of Jesus as Christ, which was created by a guy (Paul)...

I've never really heard this idea spelled out before...what's your basis for this?

who never met Jesus and seems to have had drastically different ideas than the people who actually may have known him (like Peter/Cephas and James).

Fair enough. Having never known Christ, Paul was never eligible to be one of the Apostles after their ranks started getting thinned. The remaining Apostles, according to the gospels, specifically required that an applicant must have known Christ and traveled with him for a while to be considered as one of the twelve. This played a big role in the idea of Apostolic Succession.


Moving on...

Your argument so far is not very developed. You've said that other Gods are imaginary, that Jesus is real, and that the real Jesus cannot be treated as a manifestation of the Divine in the way that the Gods are.

I agree that his argument is so far not very developed, but I don't think it would take much to defend that last bit. I can assure you I treat Christ and Hermes, who I claim as a patron, as very different entities. While I grant the possibility of treating them as the same sort of chap, I really can't see anything of value coming from that.

On a final note, I'm not sure there is much to be gained by taking "measure" of a belief system, or that using the amount of an ill-defined "truth" as a yardstick to see how they size up to each other is very wise. Even if we used something like consistency to help us, I don't think anyone would get very far.
 
 
EvskiG
03:47 / 04.04.08
"The sources for Jesus are better, however, than those that deal with Alexander"

Sanders is a theologian, not an archaeologist or historian.

Alexander was a king and military commander, and we have a unbelievable amount of contemporaneous evidence of his existence and reign, from archaeological evidence such as coins and statues to various entirely independent third party narratives. With Jesus, we have no archaeological evidence that he existed, no contemporaneous written records, and the only roughly contemporaneous narratives that do remain (for example, Josephus) have been transmitted over almost two millennia by parties that were (to say the least) not disinterested, leading to all sorts of interpolations.

also the fact that virtually every scholar I've spoken with does not have a problem believing that someone who would eventually be referred to as Jesus lived and taught and was eventually put to death for sedition by Rome speaks volumes for me. An appeal to authority? Maybe.

You say a certain percentage of unnamed scholars you've spoken with hold a certain view? That's pretty much by definition an appeal to authority.

It should be noted that claiming that the relatively few contradictions in the synoptic Gospels prevent a consistent message from being transmitted is simply not true.

I wouldn't say they're relatively few, and some of them are fairly important.

To choose one example, what did Jesus say on the cross, and how did he die? To choose another, who visited his tomb afterwards, and what did they see?

To choose an even better one, was Jesus resurrected? The earliest versions of the Gospel of Mark don't say so -- they only say that his body was gone. (It also says that the women who discovered this were afraid, and said nothing to anyone. That creates a paradox: did they tell, which means that the narrative in the Gospel is false? Or did they not tell, which means that there's no way the Gospel truthfully could narrate that it happened?)

Whether the message provided in the Gospels is the true message is debatable, but really, I'm not sure how anyone can claim to be able to pick out the "true" message from all the different opinions

If any of them are the true message at all.

the historical Jesus (to the extent he existed)...

...do you mean to say that the Historical Jesus might have existed only a little bit or something?

and his teachings (to the extent we know what they are)...

Personally I think it's a safe assumption that he said a lot of things to a lot of people, who in turn told a lot of other people.


I meant that IF he existed he may or may not have had some teachings that coincide with some of what is attributed to him. (If he didn't exist, the issue is moot.)

And I don't think it's a "safe assumption that he said a lot of things to a lot of people, who in turn told a lot of other people," if by that you mean it's a safe assumption that he said some or all of what was attributed to him in the Gospels -- which were written several decades after his death (if he ever lived) by people who didn't know him.

and the idea of Jesus as Christ, which was created by a guy (Paul)...

I've never really heard this idea spelled out before...what's your basis for this?


You've really never heard this before?

Here's the basic argument: Jesus was a charismatic teacher who, like Hillel, Sabbatai Zevi or Menachem Schneerson, had a bunch of Jewish followers who saw his teachings as wholly Jewish in nature. These followers included his brother James and his pal Peter.

On the other hand you had a guy named Paul who never met Jesus and never mentioned Jesus' teachings in his writings. (Check and see.) Rather, Paul preached about his personal experience with a dying and reborn god in the Hellenic mystery cult tradition who he just happened to identify with Jesus. The two sides disagreed about doctrine (compare Galatians to the Epistle of James), Paul eased up on dietary restrictions, circumcision, and whether to focus on gentiles, and his side eventually won.

A recent book on the subject is How Jesus Became Christian.
 
 
*
03:54 / 04.04.08
Tuna: There's a significant difference between "these two people are different people, with different habits, desires, goals, practices, and even cultures, but still the same order of being" and "these two people are such a different order of being that the reality of one invalidates the reality of the other".

And taking the measure of belief systems is precisely what the original post sets up.
 
 
Digital Hermes
05:02 / 04.04.08
Grim's original post, as well as the essay he quotes, only logically follow if you take as true certain precepts, such as Jesus was Christ, most of the Christian and/or Catholic dogma shebang. And Grim's further defense of that article also relies on those suppositions.

GL's response of (and correct me if I'm misrepresenting) a plurality of deities operating under a God Who Is All, and if you can conceive of something, well, God's There Too, has a fairly sound reasoning, something that can snuggle up to Christian perceptions and accept them as another facet instead of a right/wrong dichotomy. (This is pretty close to my own Gnostic leanings.) So the entities and god-forms that interact with a practitioner are different paths, not mutually exclusive.

Grim's own rejection of that reasoning has less to do with a refutation of those points, and more a re-iteration of Catholic dogma, which itself was decided on long after Christ or even the Apostles. Theologians like Aquinas pondered subjects like this for years, and even then were not comfortable in their positions, as much as resigned to them. Leading theologians today often seem to embrace this pluralistic view, Thomas Merton (a Catholic trappist monk) as a specific example.

I suppose what I'm getting at is that the pluralistic deity view that has been presented elqouently requires a stronger debate than, QUOTE: 'Whatever Jesus it is you are placing on the same level as these other deities is not the one that walked this earth and who is recorded in the biblical texts, because He would never allow himself be marginalised as just another god among many.'

To claim that another persons view of Jesus must be misplaced based on perceptions on an inherently unstable text falls into the tautology again; Grim, we have to agree with you to agree with your logic. If we're not sure we agree with you, then the rest of the position becomes untenable.

One could try to make the case that Jesus is the BEST path towards God, and try to provide the reasons why. I'm more of the mind that Jesus and (pre-Christian and post) paganism of whatever stripe you're calling it can be looked at as different attempts to reconcile or understand the ineffable, mysterious and meaningful world that we find ourselves in, and to understand that ineffable energy that connects us to everything. Non-physical and physical entities alike are all possible inside a Creation that can contain anything. Christianity as not an end-point (which is kind of apocalyptic anyway) but a stepping stone.
 
 
Tuna Ghost: Pratt knot hero
06:17 / 04.04.08
Sanders is a theologian, not an archaeologist or historian.

I'm sure Sanders is aware of everything you've written concerning Alexander and Jesus. As am I, and anyone else who has investigated the subject.

You say a certain percentage of unnamed scholars you've spoken with hold a certain view? That's pretty much by definition an appeal to authority.

Very well. You try it. Ask around, see what impartial scholars have to say on this subject.

I wouldn't say they're relatively few, and some of them are fairly important.

I disagree on both counts, and as far as I know, the synoptic gospels are still thought by scholars to have originated from the same source (the postulated "Q document". Actually, I'm not sure Mark is thought to have come from Q, it think it might also be thought to be a source for the other two).

And I don't think it's a "safe assumption that he said a lot of things to a lot of people, who in turn told a lot of other people," if by that you mean it's a safe assumption that he said some or all of what was attributed to him in the Gospels -- which were written several decades after his death (if he ever lived) by people who didn't know him.

That's not what I meant. I meant exactly what I wrote.

You've really never heard this before?

Here's the basic argument: Jesus was a charismatic teacher who, like Hillel, Sabbatai Zevi or Menachem Schneerson, had a bunch of Jewish followers who saw his teachings as wholly Jewish in nature. These followers included his brother James and his pal Peter.

On the other hand you had a guy named Paul who never met Jesus and never mentioned Jesus' teachings in his writings. (Check and see.) Rather, Paul preached about his personal experience with a dying and reborn god in the Hellenic mystery cult tradition who he just happened to identify with Jesus. The two sides disagreed about doctrine (compare Galatians to the Epistle of James), Paul eased up on dietary restrictions, circumcision, and whether to focus on gentiles, and his side eventually won.

A recent book on the subject is How Jesus Became Christian.


Will take a look at the book next time I'm in Borders, thanks for the recommendation. I really don't have a problem with Jesus' Christhood being bestowed long after his death; there were early christians who never bought into the resurrection idea anyway. What does it say about the conflict in regard to the fact that both books were still included in the new testament by the Nicean Council? I'm not denying that Paul had a huge influence on the development of the Church, nor am I denying the political and organizational factors the led to one doctrine being accepted over another. I just don't see how this gives strength to the idea that Jesus never existed, or how it has anything to do with the synoptic gospels.
 
 
Tuna Ghost: Pratt knot hero
06:29 / 04.04.08
Tuna: There's a significant difference between "these two people are different people, with different habits, desires, goals, practices, and even cultures, but still the same order of being" and "these two people are such a different order of being that the reality of one invalidates the reality of the other".

I realize that. I don't think that the the reality of one invalidates the other. I also don't happen to think that they have the same order of being, and that treating them as if they do will not get you very far.

And taking the measure of belief systems is precisely what the original post sets up.

I'm not sure what you mean by saying this. I still don't think it's a productive use of anyone's time, or that anyone here is equipped to do it.
 
 
Gypsy Lantern
10:42 / 04.04.08
Grim reader,

OK, so since your argument essentially seems to amount to: "My perspective is correct, because (my interpretation of) Christianity is ultimately *true*, therefore your perspective can only be false and imaginary", I'm not sure if there is much to be gained from interacting with you any further on this subject. Grim, indeed. But, for my sins...

Your interpretation of Christianity is as problematic from my perspective, as my interpretation appears to be from yours. The only difference is that my perspective strives not to patronise and belittle other people's experiences of the Divine, whereas your perspective appears to be wholly founded on this project and requires all other formulations of spirituality to be "imaginary" in the light of your "lightning bolt" of revelation.

As I said earlier:

"These are not mutually exclusive positions, and to argue otherwise is to participate in the sort of meaninglessly ignorant tribal war that has plagued our species for centuries and got us no closer to an understanding of the essential nature of the mysteries we are each trying to model in our diverging spiritual systems and traditions."

I was really hoping that you weren't going to march down that well-worn road, but you seem to be fully committed to telling people that their religious experiences are false and imaginary, whereas as your religious experiences are "the one true way" just because you happen to say they are. Has our planet still not suffered under enough of this bollocks? Are you aware of how your perspectives on Christianity expressed here are directly contributing to the total obfuscation of the actual positive message and teachings of Christ? All you are doing here is drowning out all that is good and precious about the faith that you profess belief in, behind the deafening noise of stagnant waters hitting a filthy wall in a pissing contest that never ends.

You could have, for instance, started a thread here about what you have personally learned from the teachings of Christ, how you have enacted those teachings in your life, how your faith has helped you come to terms with the mysteries and challenges of being alive as a human being in the 21st century. You could have posted any number of informative and meaningful reflections on Christ and Christianity, but you didn't.

You instead decided to strongly assert that everyone on the planet who has a different understanding of and relationship with the Divine from the one that you adhere to, is a deluded fantasist lost in an escapist spiral of their own imaginings and incapable of perceiving the objective and fundamental *truth* of God, reality and the nature of our existence. A truth that you personally happen to be privy to, by dint of a magic lightning bolt that we are supposed to accept is somehow more valid and authorative than the succession of lightning bolts that may have landed on any number of other contributors to this forum who sustain a meaningful spiritual practice, myself included, and which continue to land on a regular basis.

I think your main error here is in assuming that your own unsatisfactory and unfulfilling experiences with "paganism" are somehow universal and representative of everyone else's experiences within this homogenous idea of "paganism" that you are constructing. You seem to be operating from the position that the types of experiences you end up having in areas such as "paganism", magic, and presumably everything else that isn't your specific interpretation of Christianity, are qualitatively inferior to the types of experience that you have later encountered in the context of your current faith. I think this is quite a common trope among those who have recently had profound religious experiences or conversion, but it is also hugely narcissistic and not particularly helpful in terms of actually communicating anything valuable or important about your own experiences to others.

Speaking from the perspective of someone who has an active, meaningful and fulfilling religious life - and who regularly has visionary and revelatory encounters with the Divine that I consider qualititively identical with instances of such that are depicted in the Bible - all of which have emerged within the context of magical practice and what you would probably define as "paganism"; I'm inclined to speculate that the reasons why your own experiences in these areas were unfulfilling and unsatisfactory, is that you were probably just a shit magician. There's a lot of them about.

I'm happy that you have since found an expression of religiousity that suits your temperament and that is working out better for you than your flirtation with "paganism". If you are capable of communicating anything constructive to the board about this without belittling and invalidating the religious beliefs and experiences of others, that would be great. At the moment though, I think your posts here lack the basic levels of self-awareness and self-critique that are required to communicate anything effectively in this forum, and I can't see this thread going anywhere more interesting than a tiresome slanging match between a "true believer" and the deluded infidels. I'm tired of that record.

Whatever Jesus it is you are placing on the same level as these other deities is not the one that walked this earth and who is recorded in the biblical texts, because He would never allow himself be marginalised as just another god among many.

I never said he was marginalised as another God among many. For me, and for the many millions of adherents to African Diaspora syncretic religious faiths, Christ occupies a space in relation to God and humanity that is somewhat different from the space occupied by the Lwa or Orisha. The Christ that I have personally encountered - and whom, I might add, I have a relationship with every bit as meaningful as your own - does not require that the religious faiths of cultures other than the Hebraic be considered invalid and imaginary, in order for a person to accept and benefit from his spiritual teachings. He has bigger fish to fry than that, and so have I.

Your working model of deity is interesting as far as it goes but it is, at the end of the day, man-made. The claim of the Christian is that their way is God-made, a claim which has to be examined and ultimately either rejected or affirmed.

Why do you think that the spiritual traditions of Africa, India, or pre-Christian Europe are "man-made", whereas the spiritual traditions that informed Christianity are "God-made"? Again, you just seem to be saying "What I believe is true and what you believe is false", and I shouldn't really have to point out that that isn't a particularly compelling argument. For the record, I don't consider my conception of deity to be "man-made" as it comes from direct and sustained visionary revelation of God, Christ and the Orisha. I believe that the letter of Christianity is open to so much differing human interpretation, mistranslation and misunderstanding that it cannot fail to be as "man-made" as any other religious or spiritual tradition on the planet. No matter the "truth" of the initial spiritual revelation, there is always going to be a human filter that confuses matters - what is known as the Ape of Thoth in the western esoteric tradition.

You paint a very sad picture of Wicca that sounds a bit like burying one's head in the sand, satisfied as it is with the merely visible.

You paint a rather sad picture of someone apparently incapable of recognising his God in the turn of the seasons, the heat of the Sun, the light of the Moon, the bountiful expanse of nature, the truth of your five senses and the bloom of the present moment. If anyone is burying their head in the sand, and apparently incapable of respecting and celebrating the Divine as it has actually chosen to manifest in the visible and physical world, as the trees that give us oxygen, the water that our survival is dependent on, and the full range of our God-given human experience from the smile of a lover to a kick in the balls - I think it might well be you.
 
 
This Sunday
12:17 / 04.04.08
Two God Enter; One God Leave. So it is written. Oh, and Allahu Akbar, Buddha I loves ya, and Jesus, you still owe me a twenty after that time at the place with the thing. (Jesus does indeed come by and have brunch with me twice a week.)

It's just as easy and sensible to ask if Paganism (once we work out what it is and why it's a united front) is the end point of Christianity. Seeds exploding from an old dead hunk of fruit or such. It can't just be that Christianity is ostensibly a younger/newer tradition than some others, and therefore their replacement, because they invent new religions downtown every third Tuesday in every major city in the world. It can't be a case of its adherents believing it to be the truth, because that's adherents of pretty much anything, and you'd get into a whole mess trying to sort through and figure which is the true or correct Christianity, anyhow.

But if it has to come down to a cage match, Thor's got that hammer and stuff, and Cousin's a bit psychotic and probably cheats. So Jesus only takes it if he busts out his supersatellite from behind the moon and pink laser of loves everybody.
 
 
grim reader
13:34 / 04.04.08
Just to clear up some confusion, the 'lightening bolt' remark I made could equally have used the term 'when the penny dropped'. It was a way of describing a realisation on an intellectual/rational level. I was describing the point at which I began to understand Christian arguments and give them a fair hearing. This was an experience of equal parts horror and delight (because in all honesty I was quite content following the whole "its true if its true for *you*" philosophy, and still would be if it hadn't been shown to be intellectually untenable). What I was NOT trying to describe was an experience of the 'Paul on the Road to Damascus' or 'Gypsy Lantern meets Shambo' variety.

I have not the time to respond to all of the most interesting points above, but will take the time to respond to Gypsy Lantern. Clearly, GL, you've taken offense. I didn't intend to upset you, but I do reserve the right to differ with your view. If I were inclined to be as thin skinned as you I might take offense at some of the ways in which you've characterised my arguments, but I'd prefer to keep this on the level of reasoned discussion of ideas rather than getting upset, emotional and personal. It is just absurd to get upset because I say that my perspective is true. Generally, folk argue a position because they think it is true. I'm pretty sure you are arguing with me because you think you're right and I am wrong, so you're making truth claims, too.

On the 'imaginary gods' point, you seem determined to paint me as being a hater because of this. I've got no problem with the imagination, I love the imagination. However, I asked the question, "whether they [gods] have any reality outside of our imaginations"? Apart from Christ I've not seen any evidence that they do, but I'm not saying the evidence isn't there. Instead of whining about what a fascist fundamentalist nutjob I am, how about helping me see where I am wrong?

Apologies to everyone else for disregarding the other posts, I hope to get round to a fuller response soon.
 
 
Gypsy Lantern
13:49 / 04.04.08
I haven't taken offense, you have just been coming across as particularly arrogant and dismissive of other people's religious beliefs and experiences.
 
 
Gypsy Lantern
13:54 / 04.04.08
On the 'imaginary gods' point, you seem determined to paint me as being a hater because of this. I've got no problem with the imagination, I love the imagination.

I do not consider my Gods to be "imaginary". It is massively frustrating and offensive to be told that one's spiritual beliefs and experiences are "imaginary" by a total stranger on the internet who is also claiming that their own conception of deity is "the one true way". What's so difficult to understand about that?
 
 
electric monk
13:58 / 04.04.08
You have every right to a different view, and no one is saying you don't. What you don't have a right to is sole ownership of "truth" or claims of same. That's not the environment we try to foster in the Temple. If you're going to engage in discussion here, you'd do well to keep in mind that everyone here will have their own personal truths and that these are not invalidated by your personal truths.

It would also be beneficial to your argument if you avoid characterizing people's responses to your posts as "whining", calling people "thin skinned", and continually implying that people's deeply-held beliefs are all in their head. These are the kinds of statements that anger people and shut down discussion instead of opening it up. Put simply: Treat people like you want to be treated.
 
 
electric monk
13:58 / 04.04.08
x-post there.
 
 
Gypsy Lantern
14:06 / 04.04.08
It might also help if you didn't drag this debate down to the "Jebus" level by misspelling the name of the fourth King of the Yoruba as "Shambo".
 
 
grim reader
14:08 / 04.04.08
Apologies, didn't realise I was mis-spelling. I of course meant Shango.
 
 
Less searchable M0rd4nt
14:13 / 04.04.08
Good gravy, what an annoying thread.

Calvin, it's really simple: you KEEP telling polytheists (and let's ditch the "pagan" for now, since not all polytheists would identify as pagan) that their Gods are imaginary whereas your God is really real. It's very annoying. To me, my Gods are bloody real, sometimes choosing to interact with Their faithful in a very direct way. Telling me that you think Their imaginaryness is just ducky isn't going to make me like your position any better. If I was talking to, say, a Hellenist who insisted that all my Gods were imaginary whereas the Hellenic Gods were real, (or even to a co-religionist who insisted that our Gods are real and everyone else's are imaginary), I wouldn't be any happier.

It's offensive to tell me that your God is the real thing and my Gods are daydreams which is kind of what you're doing here. Assuring me that I'm a terribly cute little heathen and sure to grow up into a big strong Christian one day really doesn't ameliorate that.
 
 
*
14:15 / 04.04.08
Okay, I find myself bored again.

It's a fairly common occurrence that someone with a "one true faith" mentality comes and makes several statements that are to them perfectly obvious and offensive to no one—except that they are framed in such a way as to set up a dichotomy between their "one true faith" and everyone else's manmade delusions. This would be fine, except that the arguments that they use to support their own positions are not arguments that they accept of others' positions. Because of this, the "one true faith" model simply ends discussion. People who patiently continue to respond to it are accused of being thin-skinned or overly-defensive, and no one can get anywhere useful.

If you have come here to practice bringing the gospel to pagans, may I suggest that next time you focus on your own religion and how it has changed your life for the better? It's just more effective at getting people to continue a conversation for longer, and thus spend more time thinking about what you have to say.
 
 
Rev. Orr
14:49 / 04.04.08
Great, that sure told the newbie.

Obviously we all have proper arguments ready for when our precious enlightenment might be challenged by someone on our level. Right, chaps?
 
 
Less searchable M0rd4nt
14:55 / 04.04.08
Thanks Orr! Very helpful. Perhaps now you'd like to outline the parts of the linked article you fund most convincing, or write a rebuttal of the points raised by the meany mean old meanies?

Oh, by the way, Calvin's not a n00b. He's been here since 2002, almost as long as I have and longer than some of the other posters in this thread. Still, nice try.
 
 
Less searchable M0rd4nt
15:01 / 04.04.08
Also thanks for reminding me exactly why I started avoiding the Temple.
 
 
All Acting Regiment
15:11 / 04.04.08
I'm interested in the notion that one way of looking at things has to be 'the end point' of another way, or that there are 'end-points'. I mean, I know ideas can be said to feed into one another, but quite often old strands of thought are re-awakened. The idea of 'end-points' just doesn't seem to fit how ideas work.
 
 
Rev. Orr
15:20 / 04.04.08
Mordant, perhaps it was the sub-Dan Brown of Ev's 'teh sekrit ending of the Gospel of Mark they didn't want you to see' or maybe it was the description of Nag Hammadi as the Catholic church's path not taken despite it pre-dating Christ. Maybe it was the assertion that archaeologists and historians are academics but theologians are not that got my goat or maybe I got irked by the outdated and erroneous explanation of q that leaves out the didarche theories that are gaining ground at the moment. I don't know, it might have been the point when the thread descended into a cage-match and three different people claimed that they were bored by the debate.

I explicitly acknowledged the weakness of the opening post and its following support - hence my mistakenly assuming that the poster was new. So, thanks for dragging this down to the personal level. Thanks for reminding me why I don't post in the temple. Barbelith may be dying, yadda, yadda, yadda, but I never expected this sort of crap from you.
 
 
grant
15:26 / 04.04.08
(AAR came along after I wrote this offline and said the first bit quicker.)

grim reader, quoting Shea:
Paganism is, according to G.K. Chesterton, a search. Chesterton had a very high regard for pre-Christian paganism. He famously said that paganism was the attempt to reach God through the imagination.

Shea's actually doing something a little smarty pantsish here, which is flirting with constructing a pagan straw man. (Which is a metaphor that kind of tickles me.) Anyway, Chesterton's really famous line about paganism is the one Shea does not quote - Chesterton said he was happy about the renewed modern interest in paganism because the last thing the pagans did was convert to Christianity. I suppose this is simply a reworking of the same formula Shea is citing - paganism was a big search that reached a conclusion in Christianity (particularly the kind of Christianity the pre-Christian people were exposed to - that is, pre-Reformation Catholicism). It's a kind of evolutionary or ontological theology, which is nicely persuasive.

However, Chesterton was writing during the dawn of the pagan revival - he was 10 years older than Gerald Gardner and died two or three decades before various flavors of neo-pagan religions really took off in popularity. So it's possible to turn that ontology upside down, historically, and say that the last thing Christians seem to be doing (from our perspective a century later) is converting back to paganism.

(This, incidentally, is a very similar argument to those used to condemn Catholicism by those upstart evangelicals, who become very uneasy around icons of Mary and feast days of various saints.)

(Double especially in the case of various Afro-Caribbean syncretic religions in which, say, the line between lightning-struck St. Barbara and lightning-strking Shango gets intentionally blurred.)

That does bring up two other points:

One, that it's hard to really say what "paganism" is, since it's not univocal or orthodox. There are many paganisms. Other people here have already pointed that out.

Two, that "paganism" does not necessarily mean a flight from submission to God. It can, in many contexts, mean an even graver submission to a different conception of what God is, how God works and which words about God one can trust. Christians (orthodox or otherwise) are not the only pious people who fast, pray and self-sacrifice.
-----

Ev:
You don't seem to have a very, er, Catholic view of the Trinity, which (while noting that the Father and Son have the same substance/essence) usually equates the God of the Hebrews (why did you choose to use "Hebrews," rather than Jews, by the way?) with God the Father rather than Jesus.
And
The Son, not the Father, is what was "incarnated" -- made flesh in the historical person of Jesus.


This is actually a misunderstanding of the mystery of the Trinity - there's no essential difference between the persons of the Trinity, therefore it's doctrinally correct to say that the God of the Hebrews (or Jews, or Israelites) was made flesh in Jesus: one in being with the Father, through Whom all things were made is how the Nicene Creed puts it.
 
 
grant
15:34 / 04.04.08
Oh, and just because nobody else mentioned it, Shea's confusion between Tori Amos and Jewel does his rhetorical stance no favors.
 
 
electric monk
15:38 / 04.04.08
(Pssst! Joan Osbourne.)
 
  

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