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Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity

 
  

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rosie x
18:00 / 19.09.07
Before I sign off for the night I've got to say that I just love what shockoftheother wrote up-thread:

The challenge I level at men who advance the Crowley-style sacred whore is this: go out and get paid for sex that you don't want. Get fucked for money, by a man you're not attracted to, even if you're straight. Until that happens I don't see how you're taking it seriously, really. Because that's what it's about, it's real and it happens. 'Whore' isn't another word for a sexually-liberated person, it has a whole history and culture surrounding it, and it's generally not an especially pleasant one.

That is just really well-said. Thank you for that.
 
 
trouser the trouserian
07:02 / 20.09.07
Great post shock! However:
...I don't see it commonly forming a locus of identification for women but an idealised, hypersexualised fantasy by male magicians.

Whilst I agree with you regarding the hypersexualised fantasy idealisation, I think this whole "sacred whore" notion is much more pervasive. For example Loraine Hutchins (link above) relates the popularity of the "sacred prostitute" tropos to the growth of feminist neopagan and new age writers:

Though ... Stone clearly eschews sacred prostitute, as a term, her comments captured the feminist neo-pagan and New Age movements' imaginations about contemporary women's growing erotic autonomy and ironically, despite her cautions, the terms Sacred Prostitute, Sacred Whore, or sometimes Temple Harlot, have persisted over the past quarter century since she first released When God Was a Woman in 1976.

She also cites the influence of Deena Metzger and Nancy Qualls-Corbett. Here's a quote from the latter:

As the embodiment of the goddess in the mystical union of the sacred marriage, the sacred prostitute aroused the male and was the receptacle for his passion . . . The sacred prostitute was the holy vessel wherein chthonic and spiritual forced united.

So I can't help wondering how other goddess-feminists - such as Barbara Walker or Mary Daly - have treated the image of the "sacred prostitute".

here's an article by Cosi Fabian which is interesting in this respect as she discusses how she found the work of feminist writers on "sacred prostitution" empowering - a good example of the self-identification process I was referring to earlier.

See The Whore and the Holy One for a further discussion of these trends:

This basic motif of sexually and politically empowered priestesses in the ancient world, especially the in the Near East, who took men of their own choosing as lovers is repeated again and again within contemporary discourse on the sacred whore. The current prevailing viewpoint among many scholars of the ancient Near East would seem to be that temple prostitution never actually existed, or if a form of this institution did exist, it certainly was not the feminist Utopia that some contemporary women and men envision (Bucher 1988; Henshaw 1994; Leick 1994). Nevertheless, the concept of its existence was put forth by so many for so long that the notion has achieved a certain hegemony within much of the discourse on the ancient Near East, and other ancient goddess worshipping cultures, that is difficult to displace. The archetype of the sacred harlot has crept into our cultural consciousness ...
 
 
rosie x
08:47 / 20.09.07
XK said…

Folks can get their heads around a person forced into prostitution more readily than one selecting it. Harder still I think is the concept of sharing something one values highly at no cost. This seems to be really difficult to comprehend in our culture. It's hardier to think about temple priestesses performing/celebrating/sharing their sexual interactions not for profit or scapegoat obligatory duty (where the inherent shame is transmuted by the sanctity of the task).

Really? Maybe among the general population, yeah, but among many neo-pagans and occultists it seems like the quite the opposite case. Folks are so desperate to embrace the idea of sacred prostitution in antiquity (as some kind of feminist utopia) that they’ll happily ignore all evidence to the contrary, investing heavily in imagined narratives, and projecting their contemporary experiences upon people who lived thousands of years ago, in an entirely different world than ours: a world which we can only speculate about.

It could be a problem of etymology. In the English language there are no words that describe a sexually empowered woman in a positive light. The only words that describe highly sexed women are derogatory: slut, slag, whore, hussy, tart, bitch, harlot, tramp, the list goes on and on and on. So it’s not surprising that a lot of women, lacking a verbal frame of reference for empowered sexuality, seek to reclaim some of these terms, and by doing so validate themselves. Fair enough…what else are we going to do?

But where exactly, does this leave individuals who are still victimized by the sex industry? Sure, many people get into it of their own free will, and some of them enjoy what they do. That’s fantastic, and good for them. We’ve all got to make a living somehow, and it generally pays to have a job that you like.

Many people don’t do it by choice though. Or do it as a last resort because their options are so limited, so bleak and so insufficient. When your employment opportunities amount to working in a sweatshop for 50 cents a day, it can be tempting to consider other options. Especially if you’ve got people who are dependent on you for their subsistence: namely children or other family members. This is not imaginary: this is the plight of millions of individuals living on this planet at this very moment in human history. If you can make a week’s pay by giving one blow-job to a fat Westerner with a heavy wallet, then why sweat it out in the factory for pennies? For the sake of morals? What do morals mean in the face of desperation?

This has nothing to do with sexual empowerment.
 
 
rosie x
10:26 / 20.09.07
Trouser, thanks so much for (even more!) great links. I find it fascinating to read about the experiences of these women. And it does appear that, historically valid or not, the archetype of the “sacred whore” exerts a powerful influence upon their sexual and spiritual identities. It wouldn’t be the first time that anyone idealized the past…

What I also find interesting is the privileged position of these individuals. Prostitution is a much easier business when you live in a wealthy Western country, have a comfortable home from which to work, are able to set your own prices and get paid what you think you are worth, are able to practice safe sex, are able to screen your clients and demand respect from them, and finally, are able to call it a day at any time and go do something else. Like retire, or go and write poetry, or get a PhD, or maybe teach sacred sex workshops in California, something nice like that.
 
 
Ticker
11:45 / 20.09.07
aye, the layers of experience being collapsed are quite troubling.

We have people currently being exploited and oppressed, possibly people in antiquity having similar or totally different experiences (a spectrum seems reasonable) getting bundled in.

It could be a problem of etymology. In the English language there are no words that describe a sexually empowered woman in a positive light.

I think this is very true and as a result the language is dipping into the lexicon of the powerless. Courtesan is the closest term to neutral I can think of from antiquity and surrogate/sex worker in the modern. Whore and prostitute are used as insults and threats and are certainly not neutral.


I emailed a currently practicing sacred sex worker for input on this thread and got this response (THANK YOU!):

XK wrote:
"There are people doing this who I respect a great
deal and I believe if historical sacred prostitution
was proven to be a fabrication these folks would still
be doing their current work. However, they are basing
a large part of their work on these texts."


I'm likely one of these people XK is speaking of, and
got a nudge towards the thread, so I'll chime in.


I'm a Neo Pagan. Not a Thelemite. Not a
reconstructionist. I heard of the idea of "sacred
prostitution" from vaguely spiritual sex-radical
writers, and it rang such a bell for me. I'd done a
bit of sex work at that point, but I'd had some
nagging sense I was "doing it wrong." Unfortunately,
the writers saw it as being sex-positive and
uninhibited, not as being in a service profession.

Not too long after that, I had a dream (or a vision,
or whatever it was) of sacred prostitution in a
cultural setting. It was like watching a vivid
interactive documentary, not like a normal dream at
all. It was clear in the vision that what I was seeing
was not one specific historical culture, but a
representation of a concept, an abstraction made
concrete so I could understand it.

I've looked in to a bit of historical information
since then, because I was curious to see how well it
fit what I saw, but my work is based on this dream and
my intuition, not any text. (I really liked Wives of
the God/King. I've given up trying to make any sense
of Crowley.)


I provide ritual sexual services on occasion in a
quasi-professional capacity. Whether or not money is
exchanged, it is a "client" type relationship - not
friend, not lover. It is just someone who came to me
for a service that I am (spiritually) obligated to
provide. There are strong "professional" boundaries.
That is why I call it "sacred prostitution" - not to
reclaim anything, but because it seems accurate and
makes it clear I am describing transactional
interactions, not personal ones

The way I see it, by doing this work you are
expressing Divine Love through the body, and this
Divine Love is accessible to all. I can set clear
boundaries and rules, but anyone who agrees to those
rules and doesn't disrespect the Goddess is equally
welcome. It isn't about me and my preferences. I can't
say, "Oh, I'll do X, Y, & Z with you, but only A & B
with you."

The whole idea about this being so "empowering" misses
the mark - it is very humbling, in a way. You have to
put your ego aside to a huge extent to be able to do
it right. Because doing it right isn't about getting
the client off or making money or feeling sexually
empowered - it is about embodying Divine Love. It is
in a literal energetic sense, Making Love. Manefesting
Love. And I find that if I do it right, and set up my
ritual space right, I pull down that Divine Love
energy. Then it is like looking at the world through
the eyes of the Goddess, and everyone is equally
beautiful and desirable. It really is something
different than just doing sex work and deciding it is
a spiritually valuable thing.
-JT
 
 
rosie x
15:15 / 20.09.07
JT, thank you for your contribution, it was really beautifully written. And XK, thanks for posting that!
 
 
Ticker
16:47 / 20.09.07
cool. I know you want to keep the focus on how modern readings of ancient practices are distorting those practices/ancient people but I thought it would be good to get some direct input from folks in the field right now. Glad to know you found it useful!

JT is super awesome for responding to my hasslhoffing.
 
 
grant
17:31 / 20.09.07
The whole idea about this being so "empowering" misses
the mark - it is very humbling, in a way. You have to
put your ego aside to a huge extent to be able to do
it right.


This is also how sex is used ritually in West African secret societies - a form of initiation, sublimation of the self.
 
 
Quantum
18:03 / 20.09.07
Two bits of tangent, sorry- one of the google ads for this page says "How to Be the Woman Men Adore ... and Never Want to Leave!" which is a bit ick. Secondly, I just totally don't understand this;

157. If any one be guilty of incest with his mother after his father, both shall be burned.

After his father? Both who? How could you be guilty of incest with your mother before your father got there, you wouldn't exist, or maybe it's only a burning sin if you do your father first and then your mother? Then burn them both? I don't get it.

Anyway, I wanted to say this thread is fascinating.
 
 
Ticker
18:33 / 20.09.07
trouser those links are badass. thank you.

from The Whore and the Holy One link above:


Sacred whores are redefining cultural constructions of prostitution, as Shannon
Bell points out; “Postmodern prostitute performance artists have traced their lineage back to the sacred prostitute; in doing so they have produced a strategic genealogy that undermines and displaces the modern construct of the prostitute” (Bell Anthropofogy of Consciousness [9(4)] 1994:19). Ultimately, the new cultural possibilities being generated by the mythology of the sacred whore are more relevant to our contemporary situation as feminists than are the ever lingering problems of temple harlotry's historicity.


Contemporary sacred

whores draw upon the legends of temple harlots in the ancient world for inspiration and spiritual nourishment, and some are attempting to recreate those traditions. It is the belief of these women that whether or not temple prostitution was a factual historical event, the myth and its attendant sacred whore archetype contains powerful possibilities for shifting cultural consciousness.


this kind of dovetails with what I quoted upthread:

Archeological artifacts gain their historical and cultural meaning through discourse. Their function as an ideological and persuasive force in society is the domain of visual rhetoric. As a form of rhetoric, the artifacts contribute to “doxa,” – the general knowledge upon which judgments of “good reasons” and arguments within the public sphere can be based. If the linkages between doxa and its referents become too tenuous, a crisis of legitimacy within civil society could result.

Scholarship employing rhetorical-critical theory suggests that both the physical and symbolic dimensions of archeological and cultural artifacts influence how people and societies renegotiate identity. Such renegotiation is a common and continuous process, of cultural import during periods of societal renewal.


What we are looking at isn't just the fantasy life of some male hetero magicians projecting a golden age view of Teh Woe-man (which isn't to deny that is a reasonable accusation to level at some authors/practitioners) but that the 'visionary' or outright incorrect ahistorical framing of the role in antiquity is being used to renegotiate identity. Such renegotiation is a common and continuous process, of cultural import during periods of societal renewal.

The problem for me becomes the lack of ownership around this agenda and that those holding it are content to view their assumptions about the people of antiquity as valid. Content might be a poor word choice here because I think they are invested in establishing current legitimacy based on ancient precendent where none may have existed (or not in the context to make it one for one interchanagble).

the quest for validation, legiitmacy, and inspiration in the face of such strong opposition is to be supported but the need for respect of other's experiences is still a core value (it is after all what many of these folks are fighting for themselves).

Even the cringeworthy het-ma-gician could fall into this category of trying to renegotiate some restictive element of their current societal package (I think this is more the case than not) by appropriating the mantle of legitmacy from elsewhere. but it is too problematic and creepy when not remaining in dialogue with the source and the owners of the experience. We may make some allowances based on privilege, those with less may take from those with more, but I still think this is incorrect as the dead of antiquity have absolutely no privilege or ability to speak for themselves.

So how do we address the misappropriation of other's culture and experience when we seem to require historical precendent for renegotiating current social identity?
 
 
Ticker
18:55 / 20.09.07
This is a pure HS crossover thought I'm so going to get in trouble for but to dig in a bit, I suspect the privilege of white male magicians freely misappropriating because they occupy the top of the power structure is more comfortable to critique than misappropriation by those with significantly less or no current societal privilege.

A whore/prostitiute is pretty much at the bottom of any power structure I can currently think of and I believe the terms are used as insults to disempower people for exactly that reason. Modern sex-workers are using whatever they can get their hands on to improve that. As a supporter of those efforts I'm invested in exploring ways to still critique misappropriation and suggest other tools of empowerment.

Those with power and privilege often resort to pointing at their lacks as justification for misappropriating from those with vastly greater lacks without acknowledging merely being able to appropriate from another is a form of privilege.
 
 
rosie x
10:55 / 21.09.07
XK: I know you want to keep the focus on how modern readings of ancient practices are distorting those practices/ancient people but I thought it would be good to get some direct input from folks in the field right now.

I’m actually well up for hearing as much input from contemporary sex workers as possible: it's their voices that matter the most. These are precisely the voices that are missing from antiquity. There is no writing of their first hand experiences. It’s a vast historical silence, open to, and filled with, intense speculation.

I found JT’s contribution very moving, and very inspiring. Mostly because the inspiration behind hir work emerges from personal, spiritual experiences: not from historical speculation and assumptions about what people may or may not have been doing thousands of years ago. I think that such a position is quite indicative of a strong faith in one’s magical work: what one is doing right here, and right now, at this very moment. It doesn’t need to rest on trumped up, false histories. It doesn’t need to be validated by an imaginary, Utopian past. It can stand on its own, without historical props. Quite refreshing!
 
 
Unconditional Love
12:28 / 21.09.07
It would seem it stands on the shoulders of something far older, Love.
 
 
Katherine
12:29 / 21.09.07
Sorry Wolfangel I don't get that, could you explain?
 
 
Unconditional Love
14:42 / 21.09.07
If you go back and read the last paragraph of JT's description it pretty much for me at least gives away the whole meaning and integration.

Sacred lover seems to be a better descprition to me than whore. I think whore was used as an analogy to Binah, and i am being kind, Binah gives form from her blood or waters to the world, providing limit (saturn).

Its the love between chokhma and binah, beast and babalon, that creates, or jesus and sophia. Love is the central tenet, the crux of worship and devotion.

Christianity gives license to that language with negative connotations because it is an act of unbrdled love and creation, that is based on a cosmological heresey to an orthodox christian. So the context is given a negative meaning through the use of language.

But that love takes place free of cultural connotations, that is where the problem begins, we use the narratives of dead and living cultures to describe a cosmological process that is essentially outside of all culture, transcendent love yet at the same time runs through everything. ie it gives itself to everything freely without restraint.

The thunder perfect mind comes to mind as well.

Take into consideration i speak only from my own experiences of love through relationships and through devotion, i am not speaking from the view point of somebody whom has tried to engage this process from the point of offering love as a service.

This also goes into the territory of exploring as to whether love and sex are seperate issues or one and the same, and if they are seperate what has created that seperation and how can that divide be healed. Which i think is something else that JT's post points towards.
 
 
Princess
15:30 / 30.09.07
Well, if we are keying in the voices of current sacred sex workers, have people heard of Princess Kama?

She is a a self styled Devadasi in London. She is critical of what she sees as a biased and negative view of devadasi culture. She believes all men reflect the the divinity of her male gods but she reserves the right to turn down anyone who voted for the current U.S. governemnt.

Sorry this is a bit of a stub, but I can't search too deep into the site as it's not my computer. The owner, for various reasons, can't really afford to have sex worker's blogs on her computer.
 
 
Olulabelle
07:21 / 23.10.11
Bump
 
 
Pyewacket The Elder
00:05 / 01.11.11
My luverley ladee humps
bump
bump
 
  

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