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On teaching horrors and lies II

 
 
Cat Chant
12:44 / 28.07.05
I was just going to bump this thread, but I think that has too much of a focus on the question is there anything that shouldn't be taught, which isn't my main problem here.

I'm tweaking a first-year theory course for an English Literature BA and am currently in the process of working out which books to set - in particular, here, which books to set on the "gender and desire" part of the course. I'm especially interested in teaching about the relationship between compulsory heterosexuality, gender identification/practice, and desire, and I have a personal preference for teaching apparently "straightforward" (with the emphasis on the straight) texts, to show how their characterization and narrative, which often appear "natural" to the viewer trained in Anglo-American heterosexuality, are actually constructed and constrained by compulsory heterosexuality (for example, in the queer theory part of the "cultural analysis" module I taught last year, I showed the film Me Without You and tried to demonstrate how its whole narrative is driven by the effacement of homosexual desire).

So when I was thinking about what to teach on this course, my brain was tiggled and I remembered this blog post on Hemingway's East of Eden as a blatantly homophobic book which yet lets a proto-trans subjectivity show through, and I wondered about teaching it in a way that could be based around such a reading.

The downside of this is that it also reminds me of the time that one of my fellow Teaching Assistants used a violently transphobic article by Julie Bindel for teaching purposes (I talk about that a bit in this thread on the article), and my own feeling that there is (potentially) a violence in a teacher using her power to force students to be exposed to profoundly upsetting and disturbing texts (this is one of the reasons I'm reluctantly not setting any Dennis Cooper - it would be different if it were an optional course with some warning that students will encounter emotive and distressing material, but I think it's a bit unfair to make it compulsory.

So - what do people think, both about this specific example and about the issues it raises?
 
 
All Acting Regiment
19:36 / 28.07.05
You talk about the potentially violent/agressive power that the teacher has in displaying violent texts, or texts about horrors and lies.

Perhaps one of way of negating this would be to show, in some way, that you yourself find the text distressing, or asking students how it makes them feel.

You could present them with a range of critical opinion on the text to show them that if they are scared or repulsed by it, that's fine- that their "human" reaction does not make them intellectually "weak" compared to the hardened, intellectual, "un-human" teacher (who has "mastered" the text enough to teach it).

I feel that it is the teacher's removed position of power- the authority imbalance- which allows the "violence" to occur; one of the students probably wouldn't get the same effect from presenting the same text.

Also, look at how suited the texts are to the students; are they the most accessible text on the subject? (Should they be?)

When I was at sixth form college, for example, the Tutors chose to teach us Catcher In The Rye instead of A Clockwork Orange- both books dealt with the idea of male adolescence and identity; Catcher, though, uses friendly, informal language whereas Clockwork Orange is, well, Clockwork Orange, and our tutor thought we would find it easier to analyse Catcher for this reason.
 
 
Lurid Archive
23:14 / 28.07.05
I have no idea what it is like to teach distressing material, and I'm curious about it. Does Bindel's article really qualify as "profoundly upsetting and disturbing", even if dealt with in a transfriendly environment which is critical of the content?

I mean, I can certainly see how it offensive and actually rather weak, but it did appear in a mainstream newspaper. Also, students might potentially find lots of things rather offensive. For instance, do you consider the potential for offending a possibly deeply conservative student? This has come up in cases I've read about in the US where students have complained about academics' views. Have you heard about the whole David Horowitz Academic Bill of Rights and its attempt to curb the left wing bias in academia?

I'm asking because I'm not sure where you are coming from with your relectance to upset students. Is this all students, or do you have in mind the creation of a particular trans, queer, woman friendly enviornment? For instance, how do you react to Horowitz article here?


A student at Bowling Green University in Ohio had enrolled in the ROTC program and was planning on getting a commission in the Army upon graduation. ... he decided to take a lecture course on the Viet Nam War -- purely out of his interest in the subject.

The professor turned out to be a '60s leftist who regarded America as an imperialist monster and the Viet Nam War an expression of America's inherent racism and capitalist greed.

....

Of course, a professor who regards his classroom as a political platform for indoctrination is not likely to respect the rights of students who disagree with his point of view and this professor was no exception.

...

[The student] stayed in the course but could not overcome the professor's hatred for someone who was defending this country and the freedoms we all enjoy. At the end of the term, the professor gave the student a failing grade.


I guess I'm asking you to answer your own question. Who decides what is hateful or distressing?
 
 
MJ-12
23:18 / 28.07.05
As an aside, East of Eden was Steinbeck.
 
 
Tryphena Absent
23:41 / 28.07.05
Also, students might potentially find lots of things rather offensive.

You might not remember this but about two and a half years ago I was very distressed and offended by the approach to a holocaust module that I ended up doing in my third year of my undergraduate degree.

I wrote about it a bit on barbelith but I'd rather not link to it because frankly I don't like to recall it, even through a quick scan of the thread now (I also find it a little embarrassing but understand why I had to go on about it so extensively). It effected me profoundly because of familial experience of Europe at that time and it left me feeling very isolated. Despite this I don't think offensive articles do offend you if your lecturer makes it clear that they don't think it's a positive and clear representation of an event/group.

The material, if it's concise and vaguely intelligent helps too. Watching something like Schindler's List is aggravating when you feel that the person teaching you doesn't understand how tough your emotive reaction to the hard material is. I think that to treat such pieces objectively as a lecturer is almost a betrayal of your students because as you do so you're effectively dismissing their emotional response to the raw information they're recieving. So basically I think you're okay with teaching hateful or distressing material as long as students understand that you're not dismissing a piece of fiction as automatically meaningful.
 
 
Disco is My Class War
04:30 / 29.07.05
Ah, that would be because I was talking about Hemingway's The Garden of Eden.
 
 
Regrettable Juvenilia
08:22 / 29.07.05
The professor turned out to be a '60s leftist who regarded America as an imperialist monster and the Viet Nam War an expression of America's inherent racism and capitalist greed.

How's this for an answer:

The professor's analysis of the Vietnam war was correct, therefore he was right to teach this truth and right to fail the student for not recognising it as such. The student believed a series of most foul lies, and it is his own fault if he could not be disabused of them.

Creating a "trans, queer, woman friendly enviornment" is good, and upsetting, failing, distressing, emotionally hurting or otherwise pissing off people who hold views counter to this is also very, very good. How could it be bad?

I understand that's a problematic answer, but I think it's more helpful than further moral relativism.
 
 
Cat Chant
09:17 / 29.07.05
that would be because I was talking about Hemingway's The Garden of Eden.

There are, of course, indeed more issues than the queer/trans-friendliness of the text at stake in my teaching it, like being able to remember the title - thanks, Mister Disco.

Will get back to this thread later - thanks for the responses.
 
 
illmatic
10:16 / 29.07.05
...upsetting, failing, distressing, emotionally hurting or otherwise pissing off people who hold views counter to this is also very, very good. How could it be bad?

Becuase in taking such active relish in pissing people off because they hold views counter to yours, you're likely to further entrench their position?
 
 
lord henry strikes back
12:07 / 29.07.05
Flyboy, while your kind of rant (and to be honest I agree with your analysis of Viet Nam, it's the 'I am unquestionably right' attitude to which I object) might fit nicely into a left-wing student publication, do you really think that it has any place within the arena of rigorous academic study? To take this kind of stand closes off debate and, as such, completely misses the point of this kind of studying. I would imagine (hope) that in the case outlined above the student was actually failed because he flew off on an America is Great tangent and failed to back it up from the source texts. If this is the case then he should have been failed. If, however he actually was failed for presenting a well structured, fully backed up, right wing analysis which the teacher simply did not like for political reasons then there is a problem. As I do not know the facts I will not comment any further.

I really think we should leave the 'I am right and therefore... well, I'm right' to the creationists and their like. Sorry, off topic a bit, but I felt it needed to be said.
 
 
Ex
13:58 / 29.07.05
Can I briefly expand this, partly in the light of Lucky Liquid's response:

Creating a "trans, queer, woman friendly enviornment" is good, and upsetting, failing, distressing, emotionally hurting or otherwise pissing off people who hold views counter to this is also very, very good. How could it be bad?

On first reading I thought it was way off mark also, for the same reasons as LL.
But having reread it, I wanted to swing by and check that Flyboy meant (roughly) 'people who are attempting to prevent the creation of a trans, queer and woman-friendly learning environment should be generally poked' rather than 'people who are transphobic misogynist homophobes should be poked in educational environments'?

I know it sounds like a subtle distinction, but I have a learning contract with my students that they are going to approach discussion in a respectful manner. ('Respectful' includes a bunch of stuff, some of it suggested by each group, but always not making assumptions about gender/sex, not attacking someone's self-definitions, trying not to make sweeping extrapolations from personal positions. All that. This to an extent protects students with all manner of views – although it tends to do a disservice to essentialists and absolutists, and favour relativists, and I’m chewing that one over in my own work.)

I don't require my students to sign up to a particular set of opinions.
This gets bloody hard if someone is determined to express an unpleasant opinion in a lip-service 'respectful' way. It's a bloody difficult judgement call at what point to bring the smack in to preserve a friendly learning environment. I can give examples if it's useful, but this seems a bit threadrotty.

So I'd say that if someone has agreed to assist in constructing a certain teaching environment, and then messes with that environment, they can be warned, and ultimately, poked. Which I hope was what Flyboy was saying (although I get to exclude students if necessary, so I'd probably just ask them to leave rather than run through his list - I have a very different responsibility in the education/safe envirnoment/poking balance as a tutor than I do to people on this board, in that pub, or in my own lounge).


Anyway. It's never easy to spot what will hurt students. I've taught the same thing several times to different groups and different concerns come up each year - emotional sore spots, particular group biases. Some are really left-field – I was totally unprepared in my first stint teaching gender studies for the number of very traditional Christian feminists. Or the number of students who have had plastic surgery. I agree that showing your own 'working' is helpful – as Legba stated, showing that you yourself find the text distressing, or asking students how it makes them feel..

I think this works as part of a student-centred pedagogic approach, and doesn’t work separately from it. If you’ve handed over a certain amount of authority in what is discussed and how it is discussed, there can be a separation between Teacher as Figurehead of Knowledge and the Knowledge under consideration – you are no longer wholly identified with the texts, as their handmaid and sacred interpreter. And the texts are hopefully themselves no longer associated with Knowledge – they’ll be some debate about the canon, or different approaches to literature (it’s similar, I think, in many other humanities subjects). So the student, ideally, feels much more like an agent interacting with texts, rather than someone who is being primed to have a particular correct response to Knowledge.

This is my fabulous synchronised ideal, as it fits together all my opinions on literature, reality, teaching and learning. It’s not as idyllic as I think - like the agreement for a supportive learning environment I mentioned above, it favours those who like uncertainty and want to make their own intervention, and can confuse those who are looking for concrete solutions.

In practise, it can also really confuse students who aren't used to having the balance of authority shifted towards them – they don’t know what mental work they should be doing, they’re trained to retain facts, it becomes frustrating because they feel they don’t know enough to be able to engage with the debate.
And I find particularly that I end up as the only teacher – or one of a couple - who do this. Other tutors are offering solid factual information. This can inspire – which is great – or it can lead to students saying ‘My tutor set me this horrific bit of trash and they don’t even know what they think about it. This course has been terrible.’

I’m going on a bit because I can’t tell if I want to offer critical pedagogy, or personal experience, or Top Tips. Do excuse the long-winded response.
 
 
illmatic
15:03 / 29.07.05
Once again, Barbelith has articulated most of what I wanted to say, better than I could. I've only done one year, as a trainee teacher, so far, but I was particularly struck by this: I've taught the same thing several times to different groups and different concerns come up each year - emotional sore spots, particular group biases

I think most of this is down to my current ignorance/learning curve, but this year, I've found you need an incredible amount of insight into the sensitivities of your particular students - my making off-hand comments about Jesus was certainly noted by some of my students, for instance. It didn't affect things too much but it did surprise me, and showed me how easy it is to assume that students share your particular biases (I suspect this may indicate a cultural shift in the popularity of religion as well - again, my assumption was that everything would be the same as it was when I was at college).

I think some of this emerges from the particular style/attitude that I'm trying to cultivate as a teacher. I'm trying to be a lot more conversational than dictatorial, and this informality leads to these kind of slips. Time will tell if this is the right attitude or not (I'm not teaching undergraduate level - I'm doing A level and equivalent, so the tension between discipline and informality becomes a lot more pronounced).

This ties in with points made by both Legba and Ex to get back to Ontopica. There is a tension between being a purveyor of "teh knowledge" and a facilitator. I would certainly like to feel I could allow my own uncertainity in reading a text show through, and share this with a group, but I suspect this approach would only work in certain course areas at the level I'm teaching at.

More to say on this, but it's 5.00 on a Friday so school's out for the weekend anyway. I've got to say, though, contemplation of these issues reminds me of what an excellent, stimulating job teaching can b Far superior to twiddling around with Excel spreadsheets which is what I'm doing for the rest of this summer.
 
 
Cherielabombe
21:34 / 11.08.05
I've found you need an incredible amount of insight into the sensitivities of your particular students

So true. Obviously ELT is in many ways quite a different field than further education, but I think the above comment is true for all teachers. I personally find that different classes have different "personalities" and will like and be sensitive to different things, as has been suggested in this thread.

Obviously to some extent, "what is hateful and distressing" is subjective, and isn't the whole purpose of teaching to expose students to new ideas? That said,in my teaching, I certainly plan my lessons with those sensitivities in mind.

But I am very big in the humanist aspect of language teaching, and in language teaching, I am sure that there may be times in which you might want to upset students to make a point, but I don't know really when that would be. I will be pondering that one!
 
 
modern maenad
08:22 / 01.09.05
Deva et. al. - Been meaning to add this into mix for ages - its a Guardian (obviously) article about a course 'Unpopular Texts ' taught in English Dpt at Wolverhampton Uni. Its an entire course 'dedicated' to offensive texts, and cultural/emotional/legal etc. responses to them.
 
 
Tom Coates
10:46 / 01.09.05
I'm surprised by my reaction to this thread, particularly given that I've taught undergraduate courses as well. Particularly in the humanities, 'truth' is generally a question of authority and the mechanisms of the academy are based upon distributing this authority throughout the academic community through things like peer review and the like. If the academic community comes to a conclusion in aggregate based on evidence that the Vietnam war is an evil immoral thing (a strange thing for academics to do, but certainly not uncommon), then the teacher as a responsibility to teach that stuff as the 'current state of thinking', as well as to reflect reasonable divergent views. Someone shanghai-ing a course as a platform for their own politics and not giving a good overview of a the current discourse is failing their students. Similarly they are failing their students if they don't allow them to come to their own conclusions when confronted by the evidence and the current academic consensus, as long as they can construct effective cases for it.

Or at least, I would argue that this is true for people in the earlier stages of their undergraduate work. As students are taught to be more questioning and have greater access to the intellectual tools they need to be able to interrogate positions they are confronted with, AND are able to choose the courses they wish to take, then they will get exposed more closely to an academic's work in progress and probably start to refine their focus. Again, any arguments they make that engage with the material presented to them, or which they can support with reference to respected authorities and which show awareness of the issues should be rewarded, whether or not they are in conflict with their teachers views.

So I think that a student does have a right not to have their education co-opted from giving them a sense of a discipline towards the promulgation of a particular academic point of view.

What I don't think a student has a right to is not to be challenged. Learning in a graduate context in the humanities is about being exposed to different points of view, arguments that you might find challenging, and to learn to question them, interrogate them and - by extension - interrogate your own preconceptions and assumptions. Some of these assumptions may be deeply held and challenging them may be considered offensive by some people - frankly that's their own problem. I think an academic has a responsibility to challenge their student's assumptions, tastes and prejudices by presenting alternative points of view and asking them to work through them and come to a conclusion. If they still end up holding their original beliefs then they will at least have created a firmer foundation for them. If they do not then it should be because they have been convinced by the evidence in front of them, and ideally they should have a more critical view of assumptions in general, and will start assembling their own hybridised approach to the situation and come to some new conclusions.

As to whether or not students have a right not to be subjected to alarming or distressing material - well, part of me wants to say that trainee medics don't get that option and I don't see why other students should be able to step away from asking the questions they need to ask or from learning the things they need to learn if medics cannot. So the question comes down to whether or not the material is necessary or 'gratuitous', which I think must come down to whether or not an individual can make a case for the material being relevant and significant - which itself will end up as a question of consensus or support in the academic community in which the teacher operates.

Personally, I would concentrate on how much choice the individuals have in whether to undertake a course or not, and being as open as possible about the content in the course before people take it. If they have no choice, then one should be more able to assert that the material is of fundamental importance than if the students can decide to do a different course. I don't think there's any need for a warning, though - if the course is about "Representations of Rape in Ancient and Modern fiction" for example, then the course description should talk about rape as a politically charged and emotive issue, in which issues of abuse and violence and power are core, that in the course the student would be examining literature and film in which rape is depicted or issues of rape are explored and asks the studentry to examine questions concerning the nature of rape as a political force, the reality of depictions of rape, etc etc. If the student is unable to determine that this might be a difficult and unsettling course, then they're just a bit dumb. Maybe a warning in the first session of the course that it's impossibe to cover the subject without there being material that people might find troubling wouldn't hurt, but I don't think it's the core of the enterprise.
 
 
sdv (non-human)
10:46 / 01.09.05
Deva/etc

Isn't this as much about the profound difficulties of pedagogic practice, as it is about the difficulties of teaching texts that contain material that we/you might find objectionable ? It reminds me of a statement made by an old teacher of mine - who said that they thought (quoting Freud I think) that 'Pedagogy was the most difficult thing to do, after psychoanalysis)' (ignoring the analysis aspect...) What she was attempting to address was the realtionship between teaching practice, students and the impossible task of he works themselves. Which bizarrely, I seem to remember as being texts of Eliot and Heidegger...

Notwithstanding this - isn't the underlying issue not the material but what you think pedagogy is for in the early 22st C ?

steve
 
 
Tom Coates
10:48 / 01.09.05
And in your particular case, I'd say as long as you thought you were treating the subject fairly and offsetting violently transphobic material with less violently anti and some politically pro / individual point-of-view stuff, then I don't think i'd have a problem with it.
 
  
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