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The moral case for moral cases.

 
 
Jackie Susann
21:27 / 17.03.05
I wanted to start this thread after being thoroughly depressed by the moral case for abortion (and, to a lesser extent, the execution) thread. I was particularly unimpressed by the way the demand (request?) for a moral case automatically assumes a normative bias that seems intrinsically (or just stubbornly) resistant to actual situations, history, etc.

Can you argue about the morals of abortion without situating the whole question in terms of the history of patriarchal control of women's bodies, sexualities, and reproductive capabilities? On what basis does the flat psuedoneutral perspective get to be the one that asks the question? What is being elided when the (apparently) key question becomes the largely abstract, quasi-scientific one of at exactly which point the thing in a womb is 'actually' a (potential) human being?

Doesn't any question posed as 'Make a moral case for...' beg the question, in that it has already made a decision about where the burden of proof lies - and this decision is based on a social concensus that has a history, a history that is necessarily written out of the question?

Could I fit any more clauses in a question?

Etc.
 
 
sleazenation
22:16 / 17.03.05
I have a feeling that the 'moral case for' thread construction was just a well-meaning but poorly realized attempt to energize debate on a variety of subjects in the headshop at a time when the board was facing a significant influx of new posters...

It was a laudable goal, but has fallen foul of the problems Dreadcrunchiepirate outlines above.
 
 
Lurid Archive
22:48 / 17.03.05
Can you argue about the morals of abortion without situating the whole question in terms of the history of patriarchal control of women's bodies, sexualities, and reproductive capabilities?

I think it may depend in part on what you mean by "situated". The question, to many here, is received in countries where the right to abortion has been established for some time and many of us can't remember a time when that was different. The legality and the rights that go with abortion are already part of the landscape and the argument that women have a right to control their bodies has been largely won. Now, one might want to argue that a historical perspective is nevertheless necessary to bring to the forefront. Maybe. But I don't see why that has to be the case (given that in a short post, a great deal of simplification is going on). And if you are arguing that it is the only perspective worth considering, then that rather proscribes the terms of the debate, doesn't it?

On what basis does the flat psuedoneutral perspective get to be the one that asks the question?

I'm not sure what you are asking here. Perhaps you are complaining that a presumption toward the correctness of a dispassionate *tone* is stifling? I'm not sure I see that happening, if that is what you mean.

What is being elided when the (apparently) key question becomes the largely abstract, quasi-scientific one of at exactly which point the thing in a womb is 'actually' a (potential) human being?

The opposing view that that it isn't a key consideration? Surely that thread has a bunch of opinions, each of which presents a particular point of view highlighting a aspect of the debate. I don't really see any uniformity at play in the thread itself.

Doesn't any question posed as 'Make a moral case for...' beg the question, in that it has already made a decision about where the burden of proof lies - and this decision is based on a social concensus that has a history, a history that is necessarily written out of the question?

Yes, it does. But equally, you can't ignore history by supposing that the question is *not* a moral one and never asking it, can you? I suppose I am speaking from the position of a person who sees the question as, essentially, valid. I think your criticism does apply to some questions - what have Muslims ever contributed to our society?, for instance - but even then, I'd probably want to engage in it if I thought it were being asked in good faith. Hmmm. Or maybe not.

Is that what you are really saying, Crunchy? That you don't think it is valid to have a moral debate on abortion and/or the death penalty since the people who hold opinions on the other side to you are beyond communicability? Certainly, I think that that can sometimes characterise moral debate and abortion in particular.
 
 
hoatzin
08:51 / 20.03.05
Modern society seems to consider morality as a set of rules that we should all obey, and that morals take precedence over every other value. Perhaps we should consider that our ideas of morality originate in Christianity and Greek philosophy, and that in fact most of our lives are governed by chance happenings rather than 'right thinking'.
Maybe we should try and free ourselves from historically derived preconceptions,but that does not mean that discussions of what feels right or wrong to us is not valid.
 
 
sleazenation
11:30 / 20.03.05
Modern society seems to consider morality as a set of rules that we should all obey, and that morals take precedence over every other value

I'd actually disagree with this most strongly. Modern society actually considers the law to be the pre-eminent set of rules we should all obey. Morality is variable. Adultry is viewed by many immoral - but it is not illegal in most western states. No matter your personal morality, pre-meditated murder is still illegal.
 
 
Our Lady Has Left the Building
16:19 / 20.03.05
As Sleaze guessed, I started these deliberately bluntly stated threads because new people are in Barbelith and I felt it was important that we have some activity going on to justify them being here. I rewrote them several times before posting because I kept starting to add clauses and stuff and in the end I thought deliberately simple was the best.

Can you argue about the morals of abortion without situating the whole question in terms of the history of patriarchal control of women's bodies, sexualities, and reproductive capabilities?

Yes. But if you feel that that perspective is needed, you know where the 'Reply' and 'New Topic' buttons are ;-)

Look down the page, we've had an average of about two active threads a fortnight for months, arguing in the Policy about opening the board or sending people emails is deck-chairs on the Titanic behaviour if Barbelith is sinking...
 
 
hoatzin
08:18 / 21.03.05
Modern society actually considers the law to be the pre-eminent set of rules we should all obey. Morality is variable. Adultry is viewed by many immoral - but it is not illegal in most western states. No matter your personal morality, pre-meditated murder is still illegal
I don't think so ! Legal systems are riddled with historical preconceptions to a much greater degree than morals, and for the most part laws are obeyed because fines and other punishments are the outcome if they aren't. Personal morality is not imposed by any outside agency. It isn't possible for us to vote that ideas are immoral in the same way that we can change laws. In fact pre-meditated murder is legal in some US states and other parts of the world, in the form of execution.
The point that morals are variable is the point that I was trying to make.
 
 
elpis eutropius
12:36 / 21.03.05
I was wondering why the threads were begun as questions of morals rather than ethics? Is there need for a 'moral case' instead of an 'ethical choice'? Doesn't the word 'moral' imply an authority group (the church, traditionally) that dictates what is right and wrong, and this is then enforced through social pressure? In debating a 'moral case' for or against an issue, do we take ourselves to be that authority?

So, morals vs ethics. Would it have been more beneficial to frame these threads as ethical questions?
 
 
Our Lady Has Left the Building
17:07 / 21.03.05
To me, the moral choice is the personal one and, as the abortion thread was the first one I started, I was concerned that the only argument I can use to justify abortion to myself is 'woman's right to choose! woman's right to choose! Make her deal with it!' so as to avoid dealing with the psychological reprecusions of the fact I don't like abortion and I think abortion is a bad thing. Now, it that a moral question or an ethical one?
 
 
Jackie Susann
03:44 / 23.03.05
To clarify (I hope), this thread wasn't meant as a criticism of the 'moral choice' threads but a way of asking questions about their presuppositions. I did contribute to the abortion thread, but also felt that it was worth asking meta-level questions somewhere separate. (Obviously I know where the 'new topic' button is, I started one didn't I?)

My general point is that I don't think you can separate moral questions from historical and political ones, as many people like to try and do. Morals exist in situations, not as free-floating valuations that demand extremely implausible hypotheticals to discuss (i.e. the position that to debate the morals of execution we need a case in which we are asbolutely certain of guilt, i.e. a case that will never actually occur).

L'Anima, I am not questioning the neutral 'tone', but which way of asking the question is assumed to be neutral - where the burden of proof goes. We are asked to make a moral case for abortion, and not (for example) for restriction or regulation of abortion. This - like any particular way of framing a question - tilts the range of possible answers in a certain direction.

I am also inclined to disagree that most (many) of us read this question from countries where the right to abortion is established. In Australia (where I'm writing from) it's only technically legal for a doctor to perform a termination where the mother's well-being is in danger. This is mostly enacted as if it were a right to abortion on demand, but is (in a moral sense) pretty different from the legal position that a woman has a right to control her own body. Possible restriction on this policy has also been a recent subject of mainstream political debate.
 
 
elpis eutropius
15:28 / 23.03.05
To me, the moral choice is the personal one and, as the abortion thread was the first one I started, I was concerned that the only argument I can use to justify abortion to myself is 'woman's right to choose! woman's right to choose! Make her deal with it!' so as to avoid dealing with the psychological reprecusions of the fact I don't like abortion and I think abortion is a bad thing. Now, is that a moral question or an ethical one?

So would you say that by giving all ethical responsibility to the woman herself we are shirking the morals ("killing is wrong") involved?

I suppose I have a personal dislike of the concept of the 'moral' when it implies a clear-cut question of black and white, right and wrong, and something that is agreed on, "the way we should behave". With complex issues there may not be a 'right', only different kinds of 'wrong' that have to be evaluated against each other. When this evaluation takes place in a theoretical discussion, I'd prefer to call it a question of ethics.
 
 
Our Lady Has Left the Building
11:00 / 25.03.05
Seraphina- That's the only way I'm currently able to deal with it at the moment. It's not ideal.

Dread Pirate Crunchy My general point is that I don't think you can separate moral questions from historical and political ones, as many people like to try and do. Morals exist in situations, not as free-floating valuations that demand extremely implausible hypotheticals to discuss.

And of course our lovely friends on both the Left but mainly the Right are the ones that like to do this for their own ends. But can we fight them back on their own ground?
 
 
Lurid Archive
13:19 / 25.03.05
My general point is that I don't think you can separate moral questions from historical and political ones, as many people like to try and do.

True but, equally, there isn't one universally agreed upon history and political background that you can deploy. In the topic in question I think I agree that there wasn't much attention paid to historical context, but then it was a short opening post that wanted to explore a question in a particular direction. So, when you say,

This - like any particular way of framing a question - tilts the range of possible answers in a certain direction.

I think you are right, but that this point doesn't really say very much. You essentially have a criticism that can be deployed whenever a question is asked, and are choosing to deploy it here as if this case is particularly significant. I dunno, you could be right, but going "meta" here kinda feels like a way to avoid engaging in the issue.

Maybe I'm being a little unfair. I do agree that the abortion debate is often used as a way to attack women's rights. And that is important. But, equally, I think that there are genuine concerns with the welfare of a foetus. So I find it hard to judge a question about the legitimacy of abortion an unfair framing, since that seems to imply that there is no reasonable grounds on which one might object to abortion. And as for context, there is little stopping anyone in the thread from supplying what they feel is appropriate.
 
 
nyarlathotep's shoe horn
22:28 / 26.03.05
continuing down our variagated path...

I think that discussing and defining an ethical/moral basis/bias helps to determine who you wish to exclude from your community (virtual, physical, or theorhetical)...

what behaviour is unacceptable, and how do you best deal with those who embody such behaviour?

are we in the process of (re)defining this community? or is this an exercise in exercise?

ta
pablo
 
 
Our Lady Has Left the Building
15:58 / 07.04.05
I think this community is always in a certain state of flux, it's normally called the 'Is Barbelith dying?' conversation...
 
 
alas
20:47 / 07.04.05
Doesn't the word 'moral' imply an authority group (the church, traditionally) that dictates what is right and wrong, and this is then enforced through social pressure? In debating a 'moral case' for or against an issue, do we take ourselves to be that authority?

Yay, someone else who is on the ethics team! I raised this issue, but did so much less clearly, on some earlier thread a few monts ago--i.e., that I preferred the term ethics to morals, and was shot down, I tell you. The point was made that ethics and morality were simply synonyms; I was sure this wasn't precise, but I looked it up in a couple of dictionaries, and found no joy for my position.

(Someone with google-fu will maybe find the earlier thread. Sorry that I can't be bothered...)

Anyway--using the term "moral" does charge the conversation more, gives it a kind of "kick" that ethics doesn't which suggests to me that this is exactly right: we're desirous of making ourselves a governing authority when we use the term "moral," rather than exercising a willingness to let other individuals determine their place in the game depending on (their view of the) circumstances in which they are operating. I think there is a more democratic dimension to the term "ethical" than to the term "moral." Some might say relativistic.

So, are we right that the term "moral" implies a kind of top-down dictation of behavioral norms that ethics does not?
 
 
elpis eutropius
10:42 / 08.04.05
Thank you, alas!

Here's the thread, I believe.

I did find some things to support making a distinction between ethics and morals but I'm short of time at the moment so I'll come back to this later.
 
 
Lurid Archive
12:31 / 08.04.05
So, are we right that the term "moral" implies a kind of top-down dictation of behavioral norms that ethics does not?

No. But I'm happy for people to read "ethics" whenever I write "morals".
 
 
Jackie Susann
16:01 / 08.04.05
Among other people, the philosopher Gilles Deleuze made a distinction between 'ethics' and 'morals'. For Deleuze, 'morals' a transcendental principles that are applied to specific situations (he thinks this is bad, pretty much) and 'ethics' are part of the situation, they don't pre-exist it. I don't know if that helps.

Anyway, in response to the position that any question slants its answers a certain way so who cares - well sure. But a) this doesn't mean we shouldn't reflect on that slant and b) a thread called 'The moral case for abortion' with the summary 'Is there one?' offers a particularly decisive approach to the question, doesn't it?

Again, I don't mean to shut these discussions down, just open them out.
 
 
sdv (non-human)
10:07 / 12.04.05
Alas asked - So, are we right that the term "moral" implies a kind of top-down dictation of behavioral norms that ethics does not?

No this is I think mistakern - it has long been understood that there is a close relationship between morality, morals and politics. In recent decades ethics has also been placed in this identical position - especially relevant in recent years when 'human rights' are being placed within an ethical frame and then imposed as a false and oppressive right. Consequently it is more sensible to refuse the notion of a difference between the terms and treat them as the same. Either way the technical difference between moral philosophy and ethics is so minimal as to be irrelevant.

A relevant example is the philosopher M. Le Doeuff who writes well on the use of the Abortion debate to oppress and maintain women's lower social and legel rights and status. But avoids directly discussing the moral/ethical case because of the reactionary tendency to balance a supposed future life as a means of justifying the oppression of the woman. Consequently I believe that the act of a woman having a safe and legel abortion for any reason at all - should never be judged ethically or morally - now the society that forces the woman to have an illegal and medically unsafe abortion, should be judged politically.

Adorno - in one of his lectures uses the utilitarian phrase, something like 'moral philosophy is about defining what a good life is...' and we can say that it should not be used to judge and then impose a good life. Such is of course fascism... which segueways neatly into the D&G reference of Dread...
 
 
sdv (non-human)
18:40 / 12.04.05
at this link there is a useful link on Ethics and Moral Philosophy by Peter Singer which might be useful....
singer
 
  
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