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Stupid Science Questions 2

 
  

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guitargirl
15:31 / 05.04.07
Ohh err..what flight are you getting on and I'll try to avoid it!
 
 
Benny the Ball
15:42 / 05.04.07
ha ha - it's more for a story I'm writing, sorry - as a stand alone question I can see that could be construed as a bit nasty sounding!

I'm reading Jack Reacher books at the moment, so I blame Lee Childs!
 
 
Benny the Ball
15:43 / 05.04.07
oh and welcome to Barbelith, GG!
 
 
Benny the Ball
05:33 / 16.05.07
What affect on computers, if any, would a reverse in the magnetic force on earth have?
 
 
Red Concrete
10:16 / 16.05.07
Do you mean a reverse in the polarity of the magnetic field, so that compasses point South? I understand (probably from National Geographic TV or similar) that this has happened in the distant past, and is accompanied by disturbances in the magnetic field such as small local holes or eddies, effectively small local poles.

But it's only if there's a decrease in strength of the magnetic field overall, that would let nasty cosmic radtion from the sun through, and electronic equipment would suffer in much the same way as it does presently during solar flares. IIRC the theory is that the flip is usually accompanied by such a (short and temporary on geological timescales) decrease.

The real question is whether it would be appropriate to rename South, North, or whether to just accept that North is now down and flip all maps upsidedown to correct this.
 
 
Quantum
10:58 / 16.05.07
Geomagnetic reversal

"The Earth's magnetic north pole is drifting from northern Canada towards Siberia with a presently accelerating rate -- 10km per year at the beginning of the 20th century, up to 40km per year in 2003"

That sort of speed of 'flip' isn't going to affect your PC.
 
 
Red Concrete
16:04 / 16.05.07
I've found the program that I must have seen. On that page, click the Launch Interactive link, which will show you a couple of videos of a (not necessarily the only) model of polar reversal. You can see that there's instability during the reversal. That means that the normal smooth, speed-cyclist helmet-type shape of the magnetic field might be disrupted. Which means that there might be local instabilities in, or even loss of, the protective magnetic field.

The bottom line is probably that you shouldn't be worried about this by any stretch of the imagination, but it's fairly scientifically reasonable, if you're looking for a plot hook for your screenplay or something. Personally, I'd welcome the disruption, in the hope that it would wake the Scrub Coral, and we could all start trapar-surfing.
 
 
Kiltartan Cross
16:15 / 16.05.07
On a related note, I wonder whether it'll make any difference to migrating birds? Do they use the magnetic field at all, and if they do, where might they end up?
 
 
jentacular dreams
16:51 / 16.05.07
Yeah, that they do, though this aged paper (google cache) says that the level of magnetism varies considerably both between species (insectivores had more than omnivores) and individuals within a species, and has no direct correlation with migration. It also has plenty of references to other navigation strategies used by birds, including the position of the sun, star patterns, UV light, light polarization, and smell. Magnetism however is relied on most by the youngest and most inexperienced birds (so most migrating flocks might be OK in this respect, as long as the experienced elders took the lead).

It also mentions other work which suggests magnetic-sensitivity of other organisms, including bacteria, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals (including humans). They also suggest that the mass-magnetite (biological magnetic particles) ratio may be important but how important is at that point unknown).
 
 
Kiltartan Cross
08:59 / 17.05.07
Thanks - interesting paper (if a little gruesome!), I'd no idea our feathered friends had such a variety of tricks.
 
 
Ticker
16:21 / 22.05.07
is this based on anything resembling science?

Eugene Island is a submerged mountain in the Gulf of Mexico about 80 miles off the Louisiana coast. The landscape of Eugene Island is riven with deep fissures and faults from which spew spontaneous belches of gas and oil. Up on the surface, a platform designated Eugene Island 330 began producing about 15,000 barrels of oil per day in the early 1970s. By 1989, the flow had dwindled to 4,000 barrels per day. Then, suddenly, production zoomed to 13,000 barrels. In addition, estimated reserves rocketed from 60 to 400 million barrels. Even more anomalous is the discovery that the geological age of today's oil is quite different from that recovered 10 years ago. What's going on under the Gulf of Mexico?
 
 
Closed for Business Time
16:26 / 22.05.07
Eeerrr... tricky one. This link on Wikipedia might help.

Link
 
 
sn00p
19:39 / 23.05.07
This girl i met has this disease were your body can convince itself into having an alergic reaction against anything. I really can't remember what it's called, and i don't want to ask again, can anyone help me out?

I'd google it but i wouldn't know what to put in.
 
 
Red Concrete
00:35 / 24.05.07
Is it auto-immune? Otherwise it might be a universal allergy, which this page called Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance. it doesn't seem to be one single thing, though. That's just the first page I found though, so I can't vouch for anything on it.
 
 
Ticker
00:37 / 24.05.07
thanks A Franker Nolte !
 
 
sn00p
14:58 / 24.05.07
That's the one!! Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance.
Thanks, you really saved my sweet ass.
 
 
Saveloy
08:45 / 10.07.07
GRASS, COWS & METHANE

Right, sort this one out for me, please:

Grass grows, cows eat the grass, cows belch and fart and release methane. Methane goes into the atmos.

If there were no cows, would the same amount of methane be released by the grass when it died and rotted?
 
 
Evil Scientist
10:47 / 10.07.07
No basically. Methane is a side product of the cow's (and our) digestive process. It's the microflora in our guts (I believe) that actually produce the methane.

Come talk cow farts with me!
 
 
Saveloy
14:47 / 10.07.07
I would if I was any good at chemistry, ES!

So is the total amount of methane in the ecosystem increasing (presumably from the combination or breakdown of other gases/chemicals)? Or is it simply being distributed differently (ie less in biomass, more in atmosphere)?
 
 
Evil Scientist
10:36 / 11.07.07
Increasing due to conversion. One quarter of which comes from ruminent livestock! There's a lot said these days about one's carbon footprint but people need to be aware that methane is an even worse greenhouse gas.
 
 
Kiltartan Cross
11:12 / 11.07.07
Wiki suggests the main removal mechanism for atmospheric methane is driven by cosmic ray bombardment (creating hydroxyl radicals; these are presumably in plentiful supply). I think I'm right in saying that the rate of removal should scale according to the amount of methane in the atmosphere, so that the overall amount of methane in the atmosphere should increase as more is produced, but should not build up over time, which is quite reassuring.
 
 
Red Concrete
20:36 / 11.07.07
so that the overall amount of methane in the atmosphere should increase as more is produced, but should not build up over time

Are they not the same thing?
 
 
All Acting Regiment
23:28 / 11.07.07
Could I inflate a cow?
 
 
astrojax69
04:53 / 12.07.07
saw something on the teev last night said a group of european (swiss?) scientists are looking at what to feed livestock to limit the GHG emissions - which are something like 7% of all GHG, more than motor vehicles! but as it is the microflora in the gut, the effects of feed will delimit some emissions, but there will be a long way to go.


and in any event, saw james lovelock last week, who reminded us that if we ceased every GHG emission right now, the global dimming effect these GHG particulates enact in the atmosphere would dissipate, thus releasing the full bore effect of greenhouse in the atmosphere and we'd burn up in the geological blink of an extinct gnat's eye...

he rekkuns it is up to pipes in the ocean to restore the dynanism of the surface, which is coming close to equilibrium - anyone with more info on this?
 
 
Kiltartan Cross
08:49 / 12.07.07
so that the overall amount of methane in the atmosphere should increase as more is produced, but should not build up over time

Are they not the same thing?


Not quite, although I could have put it a lot better. Let's say that a certain amount of methane is produced every day - P - and a certain amount of methane is removed every day - R. There is a certain amount of methane in the atmosphere, M.

If the amount of methane produced is equal to the amount of methane removed, P = R, so at the end of the day, the amount of methane is M (the amount already present) + P (the amount added) - R (the amount removed). So M at the end of the day (let's call it M') is the same as it was at the start of the day.

M' = M + P - R = M

If, however, more methane is added than is removed, P > R. So the amount of methane at the end of the day is higher than it was at the start.

M' = M + P - R

but this time:

M' > M

Which means that as time goes on, the overall amount of methane present will go up, and up, and up.

In the first instance, although at any given time there will be more methane in the atmosphere, it will also be being removed at a greater rate, so while the amount present is indeed higher, it's not growing. Like, say, a bank account, you put some money in, you take the same amount out; although there's more money in the account temporarily, it's not going up all the time. In the second, more methane is added all the time, so like a bank account where you put more money in every day than you took out, the amount in the account will go up all the time.

What I was trying to say was that I think that the sink for atmospheric methane should scale according to the amount of methane present, so that while having lots of methane producing cows is bad, at least it shouldn't create a lasting problem, that is, if the cows stop producing so much methane the problem will go away quickly, it's not lasting damage.

Sorry I wasn't clearer.
 
 
Red Concrete
09:56 / 12.07.07
if the cows stop producing so much methane the problem will go away quickly, it's not lasting damage.

But according to your model, the rate of destruction of methane should also start to slow, as the amount decreases.

Unless misunderstood, you seemed to be saying that if you have higher production rate, then the destruction rate will automatically increase to match it? I'm not clear on the mechanism of this. It seems to assume that the sink become more active as the absolute amount of methane molecules increases. Half-lives don't usually depend on the amount of substance you have. Unless you're simply saying that methane has a low atmospheric half-life, so it shouldn't be a problem as soon as we get rid of the sources, which is a fair statement.
 
 
Kiltartan Cross
19:37 / 12.07.07
Oh bloody hell. I was talking out my arse, there may not be enough radicals to go round at all.
 
 
Ticker
18:39 / 20.07.07
I couldn't find a stem cell topic...

drugs generate stems cells in injured boy then used to repair his heart

The teenager's therapy began Feb. 17 with a four-day regimen of a drug that stimulated the production of stem cells in his blood. On Feb. 21, doctors harvested Bonnville's stem cells. Using a heart catheter, they transplanted the stem cells into the artery that supplies blood to the front of the heart.
He was discharged about a week later and is now recuperating at home. His doctors say they have never seen a recovery like his.


I'm very excited about this as it would also give us an option away from organ harvesting. If you repair your own organs you do not require anti rejection drugs!
 
 
jentacular dreams
11:34 / 22.07.07
Here's a similar story for diabetes. There's various approaches that can be taken to stimulating stem cell production, some of which may be riskier than others.

We could do with a stem cell thread. I'll try draft up an opening post
 
 
Saint Keggers
00:58 / 09.04.08
Just wondering if there are any theories about the consequences of two black holes meeting? Is this even remotely possible?
 
 
Closed for Business Time
08:19 / 09.04.08
Google "black holes colliding" or similar. Yes and yes to your questions. Sorry for brevity, at work.
 
 
Good Intentions
12:56 / 13.04.08
A question: How does soap work?

I've got a broad idea of what soap is, an intimate familiarity with what it does, but no idea of how the two relate to each other.
 
 
jentacular dreams
15:33 / 13.04.08
It's made of semi-polar molecules (i.e. water loving on one end, and water-hating/oil loving on the other). This means that it can pick up molecules of oil or grease and make them soluble as micelles (basically 'bubbles' of dirt, surrounded by soap/detergent molecules).
 
 
Good Intentions
00:16 / 14.04.08
Oh. That's nifty. So, what does soap being alkaline have to do with it? Nothing? It turns out that semi-polar molecules are all alkaline?
 
 
jentacular dreams
11:45 / 14.04.08
Well we're getting to the limits of my chemistry here, but I think detergents can come with either alkaline or acids added (remember that pH can change depending on how acid the water is, so buffering agents may also be used), and what they work best on depends on their pH (e.g. alkaline might be better for most stains - which is why they suggest rinsing hair with something acidic like vinegar right after dying it, as it 'fixes' the stain into the protein).

Soap I think has to be alkaline, though I'm not sure if this is because it just *has* to be, or whether lower pH's are too harsh for washing skin, or it doesn't work so well at lower pHs. Come to think of it, when I recently trie dying my hair, the dye came with a small bottle of 'dye-preseving shampoo', which wouldn't foam (and which was pretty rubbish as a shampoo). The non-foaming might just be because it had less detergent in it, but a different pH may also play a role.

Ah, just did a bit of reading. Looks like a high pH is required to make oil/grease-free soap, but soap makers have to be careful that their end product doesn't have too high a pH or it will cause skin irritation (or possibly burns).
 
  

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