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The complete and utter breakdown of society

 
 
Sax
10:40 / 03.03.04
Despite all my whingeing and espousing of radical woolly liberalism, I quite like society. I quite like going down the shops for a paper and a packet of Marlboro Lights, quite like the fact that motorists generally stop at red traffic signals, take comfort from the fact that little kids run away from bobbies, even if they haven't been doing anything.

Watching the movie 28 Days Later at the weekend for the first time, I got the traditional cold-running blood I always do when I watch something post-apocalyptic. Not the zombies and the running around, but the rather rapid breakdown of society that these movies and books always portray. It seems it doesn't take much to regress us to barbarians whose overriding concerns of food, shelter and shagging become the sole motivations in life.

What do you think? Do you think society could completely break down as the movies suggest? Do you think civilised human nature is so tenuous that we would revert to basic nastiness? How do you think you would cope? What would you do?

And if someone wants to come up with a pleasant pastoral idyll scenario for after The Fall, please do. I'm having nightmares at the moment.
 
 
Jub
11:05 / 03.03.04
You know Sax, I too have thought about this. In a post-apocalyptic scenario I think we wouldn't revert to cavemen behaviour but only because we know better; I'm pretty convinced that we *are* the same ape-men we were, but with shoes.

I believe all interaction between people is based on food, shelter, and sex (etc) - but it's much, much more complex than people understand, or in fact need to understand.

People now a days do jobs that are not directly necessary for human survival. I'm not a carpenter or a fisherman, but still, working in an office provides me with the money for the basic needs, and then some. I like this about society too.

If, in the event of nuclear war, I am fairly certain, that because we know better (but aren't in fact, better, than our cave men ancestors in any other tangible way), we would be better. There would be elements of greed and mob rule, but eventually these would be replaced by the need to work in and for society as a whole (whether that meant learning to be a carpenter or fisherman etc or not).

As the cover on Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy says.... Don't Panic.
 
 
Nobody's girl
13:34 / 03.03.04
Been dreaming of the apocalypse since the tender age of 9 when I found out about nuclear weapons. NEVER see the film "Threads" it will scar you for the rest of your life.

I used to spend ages working out plans for various breakdowns of the modern world. It totally wore me out and these days I'd rather be hopelessly optimistic living in the "cat lives" world than worry another fecking minute about it. Plus, I'm rather fond of the positive apocalypse touted by Mr. Morrison.

If you don't see the fnords, the fnords can't eat you.
 
 
Tryphena Absent
14:42 / 03.03.04
I think that the answer to this question lies in the war zone. If something apocalyptic were to happen I suspect that the population would react as if they were in an ongoing war zone because the situation would be pretty similar, it would become more dangerous, there would be no electricity and food would be horribly limited. The society that we live in as Westerners is incredibly luxurious but that luxury would be gone, I don't think society would break down but it would change because the luxuries would be gone. Seriously, how would you react to the loss of hot water?
 
 
pointless and uncalled for
15:28 / 03.03.04
I see no doubt that a complete and utter collapse of social structure is frankly inevitable. In certain respects I would imagine that it would be cyclical in nature and that collapse is in certain ways essential to long-term survival of the species as a whole. This is however based on my opinion that we are self-degenerative by nature.

That said the collapse as portrayed in films and books is more a plot device than an accurate prediction and the manner in which society were to suffer collapse would dictate the speed and degree to which decline occured.
 
 
penitentvandal
18:16 / 03.03.04
A complete collapse of society, in my view, probably wouldn't happen, or if it did it would be temporary. I think people have an innate disposition to fob responsibility off onto other people rather than taking responsibility for themselves - in a catastrophic situation people would look to some kind of leader and, while there would be jockeying between various groups/individuals for the position of leader I think that some kind of stability would eventually emerge - whether that be a dictatorship (whether enlightened or not), the restoration of democracy, or some kind of ongoing civil war situation between various factions - and, because people get used to stuff, people would get used to this status quo, like Anna says. We're all used to the relatively untroubled country that is Britain but I'm guesing that, even transplanted to somewhere like Palestine or Iraq, we would probably grok the basic situation in a week and revise our expectations accordingly. We might not like the situation, but we'd adjust to it. I mean, Jennie Bond can adjust to having live rats crawling over her, y'know?

I think the biggest danger from total societal collapse is not anarchy, which would be short-lived, but what replaces it - my fear would be that people would throw their weight behind a fascist dictatorship a la V for Vendetta. Which is kind of what happened in Afghanistan, really - the Taliban were able to promise order to the country and people accepted them for that.

Or, to put it another way: 'someone to claim us, someone to follow...we want you, Big Brother.' etc.
 
 
Olulabelle
20:25 / 03.03.04
Been dreaming of the apocalypse since the tender age of 9 when I found out about nuclear weapons.

Me too.

However much our need to work in and for a society overuled our 'cave-men' aspects, I think the western world would have severe problems in the event of a post-apocalyptic scenario.

In Victorian times a single person could build a steam engine from scratch, but these days the knowledge that each of us has is so specialised, and we rely so much on machines that I think we would be unable to recreate a lot of the most basic things we take for granted, such as electricity and motors.

We think we are so clever because we've invented computers, but the person who knows how to put an engine together doesn't know how to create the bits he needs, or how to fit an engine in a car, or even how to build a car.

I think in the event of a nuclear war the western world would find itself pretty much stuffed, whereas people living in 'third world' countries could carry on pretty much as normal. We in the western world are each of us like a single ant; we would be unable to exist without our colony and individually we are sadly lacking in very much useful knowledge.
 
 
illmatic
08:46 / 04.03.04
Nuclear war? Who's worried about the nukes anymore? What we've got to worry about is IMO globabl warming and the peaking of oil consumption. I could see both of these producing radical changes in our standard of living.

This entry from Cloud23 blog is a good summary of recent offical pronouncments in the latter area. Scary reading. Oil consumption is increasing year on year and discovery of new oil fields peaked a long time ago. It doesn't take much thought to realise we will eventually exhaust our resources, and what happens then? Look around the room you're in how many of the objects in it are derived from oil in one form or another? And this is just on the immediate everyday level, never mind transport, energy use etc. I think this is what was behind the recent war - long term control of resource (Perhaps that should be mid term as even these “new” oil fields will run out PDQ if consumption continues the way it is). I don't want to seem like Nostradamus, but it seems likely to me that the world were heading for enormous changes, in my lifetime or not, I don’t know. I don't really want to believe it, it requires an enormous mental leap to conceive of all this stuff around me, the fabric of our society, is so fragile and ephemeral but this is what logic dictates. Civilisations have fallen before after all, and they didn’t have the huge artifcal infrastructures that we have so didn’t’ have as far too fall. It’s possible I suppose that we might come out with a technological solution, sustainable energy sources or somesuch, , but I cannot see how this will be implemented quickly enough to replace the current infra-structure, and such a solution doesn’t address the fundamentals of the situation which is our rapacious expansion. I don’t have much faith in our ability to act rationally in these matters, or to implement any policies that might restrict or challenge our comfort and consumption.

I was talking to another poster about this at the weekend actually. Weirdly enough this spun off reading Kate Bornstein’s “My Gender Workbook” (borrowed from Bengali in Platforms). No, I hadn’t been smoking. My train of thought went along the lines of seeing the struggles for rights and recognition for transgendered people as following from the struggles of gay and lesbian people. And though these were hard to achieve, I can’t conceive of them as taking place in any other than the liberal democracy that we’ve got now. If these go down the swanney as is possible, I think it’s likely that we’ll retrograde in all sorts of ways, with ethnic conflicts and nationalism rising and any liberal “progressive” gains that have been made being lost It’s arguable this is already happening with the “Daily Mail”attitude toward refguees, the increase in refugees being a product of an increasingly unstable word. A slightly tangential train of thought maybe, but there you go. I let loose my twisted thoughts on Barbelith once again. My co-conversationalist said that she say the world become increasingly uninhabitable in the next few hundred years as we continue to screw up the eco-spehere.

It’s one of the reasons why I’m so fascinated why consumption, it’s psychology and effects. It seems key to the issues that we’re facing. What do people think generally about our collective future? Is a crisis imminent? If so, is it avoidable, and how? Am I just a paranoid nutjob?

I may start a fluff thread over in Conversation asking what people think about the future, genrally - say the next 200 years or so.
 
 
Cat Chant
09:28 / 04.03.04
Reading this thread, I just keep thinking of Hobbes' assertion that the 'natural state' of human plurality/interaction outside a political structure imposed from above is the war of all against all. (He says, by the way, that this is not the original state of human plurality in a chronological sense, but that it is the City considered 'as if dissolved', so if somehow the political structure in which we live were just taken away.) But does the fact that all these apocalyptic fantasies seem to be straight out of an eighteenth-century political theorist invalidate them? I have to say I feel like it does, because frankly what the fuck did Hobbes know.

I read Woman at the Edge of Time at what must have been an impressionable age, because that to me looks like what would happen if there were a complete and utter breakdown of 'society' (in the sense of nation-states always stuck in a Hobbesian-Schmittian mode of interaction that poses all political enemies as potential war targets, and reserves 'the war of all against all' as the hidden condition of politics). And it's much better.

Schmitt, btw, is a Nazi political theorist who says that any political entity (the state is the privileged example but not the only possible form of such an entity) is defined as having a political existence by its ability to define who its friends and who its enemies are, always within a horizon defined by war. Frankly I think building new forms of human togetherness, politics and collectivity outside this apocalyptically-coloured Schmitt/Hobbes theory of natural warfare is the most urgent thing we can be doing. Again, it comes down to building new ways of thinking, doing and living antagonism outside either liberal 'tolerance' models or Schmittian 'war' models.
 
 
Tryphena Absent
13:49 / 04.03.04
All this talk of oil fields- by the time we have no oil we'll start to use other forms of energy out of necessity and they do exist and human beings will compensate for the damage they've done to the environment. That's how humanity works, we only fix things after they've gone wrong, we're awful at tactical planning.
 
 
Sax
14:04 / 04.03.04
So do we think that societal shifts will occur gradually rather than with a "sudden impact" effect which leaves us wandering around suddenly adrift because there's no Coronation Street or beer any more?

I'd like to think so. I always thought that my generation would be the ones to usher in a new world, but looking at people younger than me - ie in their teens now - I wonder if there's enough generational progression to do that. Younger people seem to be buying into yet more tenuous and disposable lifestyle choices than ever.
 
 
Phex: Dorset Doom
14:41 / 04.03.04
Amen to that...
Another unfortunate aspect to the end (whether it's peak-oil or nuclear) is that the people already planning to survive, the Survivalists, are generally not the sort of people we want leading the world into the next century: fundamentalist, tribally minded, violent, racist, authoritarian. Because they're going to be the ones with viable communities ready to go after the big crash the stragglers will gravitate towards them and become absorbed in the survivalist meme just to secure their next meal.
The next half of this century is going to suck considerably more than the first half of last century.
 
 
illmatic
14:43 / 04.03.04
Anna: Buuuuttt....Changing to a completely new source of energy is a huge, huge project. If we were to stop using oil and replace it with an as yet unnamed something else, it'll be the biggest piece of engineering work ever. How can something like this not have huge impacts?

And as to "fixing the environment" - how? That seems a rather naive way of dismissing a complex problem - I mean, what will do just create a few nano-machines to sort everything out?

Deva: Absolutely great post. I've been thinking about it all day and I feel like I just about understand it. I do think though that our chances of creating these models are going to be seriously challenged if resource depletion, rising sea levels etc. really starts to bite. To state the obvious. I'd like to hear if other posters here (and yourself) think these issues are inevitable realities or otherwise.

I do go all "prophet of doom" when I start thinking talking about this sort of stuff. I think like a lot of people I have an attraction to apocalyptic scenarios as I see them almost a corective to the injustices and the (what I see as) systematic insanity of our society. This scenario is almost too easy though, it sidesteps thinking about and dealing with the complex realities of how these changes will come about.To follow Sax, I don't think we'll be driving around in Mad Max type cars, fighitng vicous tribal wars over gasoline and dog food straight away. I don't see how our current way of living is in any way sustainable, but changes that do impact may well be hard to read them on a personal level.
 
 
Cat Chant
20:05 / 04.03.04
in the event of a nuclear war the western world would find itself pretty much stuffed, whereas people living in 'third world' countries could carry on pretty much as normal.

I think this is key. I'm slightly disturbed at the way this thread is sometimes equating "the end of society" or "the end of civilization" with "the way the vast majority of people in the world currently live" - I think it's probably just a lack of precision in expression, but it comes off as, y'know, "what would we do without computers? why, we'd be no better than savages!"

Um... so just a plea for more definitions, I guess. I'll come back and contribute something more useful when I have time. (The other thing that keeps coming into my head is a postcard image I saw once - it's a skyscraper all-but-submerged in global-warming floodwaters, with a speech bubble coming out saying "Well, we had some good times: we had fast cars, cheap flights, and little plastic toys in cereal packets. I say it was worth it!")
 
 
Sax
06:07 / 05.03.04
I suppose that's my fault for the language I used in starting the thread. It's a dual meaning really; society being the Western society we live in now with all its fripperies and luxuries and nonsense as well as its positive aspects of democracy and some measure of personal security and wellbeing, but also "civilised society"... ie where in the main people don't hit other people over the head for food/warm clothing/sex.
 
 
Rage
06:28 / 05.03.04
It's already happening.
 
 
Sax
07:47 / 05.03.04
Well, yes. But, by and large, if I get hit over the head in the street today, people around me might be a bit upset, I might get taken to hospital and given treatment, the people responsible might find themselves in danger of some punishment.
 
 
Mirror
18:39 / 05.03.04
I think that Anna's response that we should look to war zones for examples of how people respond under high levels of societal disruption. The only thing that I think would perhaps exacerbate the problem in Western society is the "it couldn't happen here" mentality that a lot of people, being thoroughly ignorant of history, seem to hold. The sort of event that would lead to a breakdown of society would have an awful lot of people looking for someone to blame for it and take revenge upon, so I think that the high degree of nationalistic fervor that others have mentioned is probably the scariest and most dangerous thing about the whole potential situation.

This leads me to wonder who will catch the blame when the oil really does start to run out - we Americans are by a long shot the largest consumers, and there's little evidence that America is willing to take any responsibility for dealing with the issue. Americans are so generally disinclined to believe that they are to blame for any of the world's problems that I could easily see America becoming truly a rogue state, pillaging other nations at gunpoint. I mean, even more than it's doing so already.

I live in a dangerous nation.
 
 
Mirror
18:42 / 05.03.04
Damn, shouldn't think faster than I type. That first sentence is supposed to be:

I think that Anna's response that we should look to war zones for examples of how people respond under high levels of societal disruption is spot on.
 
 
misterpc
17:06 / 08.03.04
So... my day job (i.e. what I do when I'm not lurking on barbelith) is as a humanitarian aid worker. So in the last 5 years I've worked in some fairly disastrous places, and do you know what struck me? It doesn't matter how bad things get - humanity organises itself to survive. Some situations are worse than others; some people end up worse than others. But there's no such thing as total societal breakdown (although you do see some interesting twisting of social norms, and given enough time most cultures start to deteriorate if they can't organise sufficiently).

If we talking about the loss of automation (through loss of natural resources), then yeah, we're screwed. Really screwed. You don't even know how screwed, yo. Unfortunately it's almost inevitable, unless somebody pulls cold fusion out of the bag, because western society simply isn't sustainable. I'll say that again in case anybody missed it - western society as a model isn't sustainable. Would you like to see India and China with the levels of consumption of the US? Holy Mary Mother of God, buy that plot on the moon now.

So start practicing for a world without hot water - I've been doing that by living in disastrous places....
 
 
Cat Chant
17:21 / 08.03.04
western society as a model isn't sustainable

Amen. The West is going to have to take a serious pay cut, and the sooner we all start working to make that happen in non-apocalyptic ways, the less likely we are to end up fighting the woman next door with a brick for the last tin of catfood in Europe.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
20:06 / 08.03.04
Would you like to see India and China with the levels of consumption of the US?

This seems to be a bit pointy. Illmatic talks about immigration elsewhere. How do you stop immigration? You stop people wanting to move themselves long distances in poor conditions in the hope of a better life. One way to do that might be to make it clear that they will not *have* a better life. Another way is to help to make a better life where they already are. However, if you assume that "a better life" means not just peace and not the fear of imminent violence or torture (and one way to equalise that, of course, is to ensure that asylum seekers, of any stripe of bogosity, are subject to persecution by the government and random acts of violence in the countries where they might seek asylum) but also the right to drive cars, consume beef and so on, then you've got an enormous problem.

Imagine every family in India and China driving a car, or owning a computer, or eating meat every day. The sheer amount of resources and space and deforestation you'd need is unimaginable. Especially of course since at the moment these countries are trying to deal with some of the needs of a society in the industrial age, but without the spare capacity for filtration and purification the west can employ. It's a nightmarish idea. Christ, imagine the population of China all deciding that they needed antibacterial handwash, and getting their wish - how much of Indonesia would remain undevoted to palm oil production?

So... that's a fundamental problem. Unless you can work out some way to create endless energy (cold fusion) and or infinite construction capacity (nanobots? Space mining?), the Earth is a zero sum equation. It can produce a certain amount, and withstand a certain amount, and can be induced to do production and endurance more or less easily. So, IMHO it is simply not possible to give everybody in the world the standard of living that is identified as "society" earlier in this thread with the technology at our disposal. Therefore, society must not only be protected from war, destruction, zombies etc, it also has to be protected from other people getting it.

So it becomes a series of sacrifices. If you want to keep using fossil fuels, you have to adapt to more pensioners dying in the Summer (or, if the Gulf Stream shuts off, the winter - one of the problems is that it's very hard to determine exactly which x leads to which y) If you want lots of wind energy, you have to accept that you will lose a lot of coastal land and moorland, and a lot of picturesque views, along with a lot of wildlife. If you want to produce a certain number of greenhouse gases int he pursuit of a civilised lifestyle, you have to invest further energy in protecting certain areas from flooding, or give up on them and retreat to higher ground, and you also have to accept that malaria might appear in Europe, say. Malaria and an absolute shitload of people trying to get out of places where climate change is having a greater impact and the structures, and the money, are not there to deal with it.

So, in a sense most actions taken to preserve civilisation (in the sense of continuing to have constant hot water, or having electric lights burning in empty skyscrapers, or having a vast industry devoted to buying, shredding, drying, machine-rolling, packing and shipping out Marlboro lights) are actually also actions likely to make the conditions in which it thrives harder to maintain and harder for others to achieve, even as it makes it more apparently desirable both to seek and to maintain....after all, something that destructive must be pretty damn cool to be sought so assiduously...
 
 
misterpc
20:19 / 08.03.04
Ooh, I don't get called pointy too often... my pointy point wasn't so much that I don't want India and China to develop, but that I don't want the entire world to aspire to US levels of consumption, for exactly the reasons that you outline.

Random thoughts:

- Why would anybody want to stop immigration? The history of humanity is a history of population movements. "Immigration" as we use it is a fairly recent creation (goes hand-in-hand with the creation of nation-states, don'cha know), but it's been the motor of a lot of the achievements of the 'modern' world.... Let's throw open the borders! Let free movement of capital be matched by free movement of labour!

- Let's face it, the clash of civilisations shouldn't really be seen as the west vs islam. That's just a warm-up for the real clash between proponents of the view that we can continue on the path we're on vs those that believe that we have to change the whole set-up if we stand any chance of survival. I'd love to be one of those tech-optimists that believes that humanity will always manage to develop some new technology (cf nanotech) that will save the day, but that seems pretty weak to me.

- Change is inevitable. What direction the change is, is not. Since we're on Barbelith, perhaps I could venture that genetic engineering is in fact the saviour of the human race. Too much pollution? Genetically engineer industrial-strength lung filters? Too little ozone? Genetically engineer thicker skin and photosynthetic ability. Malaria? Genetically engineer immunity. Not for everybody, of course. Just the lucky few.

- Back on thread, if not 100% on topic - Haus, you're right on the ball. It's a chain of sacrifices, but it's hard to see the end point. And the bottom line is, our societies are the least well-equipped to survive the sacrifices that we on track for....
 
 
Grand Panjandrum of the Pointless
21:35 / 08.03.04
Which oil producing areas will go dry last? Who will control these areas when they do? More to the point, who won't?
I don't know much here, but I understand from an unethical friend who works for Shell that the fields in the Middle East are the richest and will run out last[Russia?]. It doesn't take Einstein to figure out that this is a major motivation for the current crop of wars in the Middle East. Bush and his mates are desperate to squeeze out these last few drops. But how exactly is this supposed to help?
I suspect that those countries squeezed out of this Great Oil Rush may find themselves in a better long term position than those that get lucky. Necessity will force them to adapt to the new conditions earlier than the winners, so that they will ultimately be better prepared for what's coming. Whereas Dubya &Co seem to be subscribing to the Ostrich School of Futurology. I don't think the beneficiaries will be Third World states; more likely marginalized First and Second world countries goaded to action by plummeting living standards & with enough capital to fund decent research into alternative technologies.

Concerning population, what do people think of the idea (from Gaia/Lovelock I think) that humanity is a plague now reaching its high water mark + that the world will lose its surplus population almost as quickly as it gained it +that this will happen in the next 100 yrs or so. (a view espoused in John Gray's Straw Dogs, a book which is v.relevant to this discussion. More when I finish it.)
Personally, I'm sceptical- it's going to have to be quite a Malthusian check to kill all those people.
 
 
Z. deScathach
08:19 / 09.03.04
I just got done watching a history channel program entitled "The History of Punishment". When you consider how hideous it was a mere three hundred years ago, and that most reforms have only been made in the last hundred years, I think it would be damn easy for us to regress to that. As far as whether it could happen, all it takes is a big enough rock to fall on us. The real question is whether we would forget all that we have "learned" , given time. At first, I think that we would remember. After a long enough time, though, who knows? Rebuilding the infrastructure after such an event would be far more difficult than one might think.
 
 
Scrambled Password Bogus Email
10:16 / 09.03.04
If not actually impossible, since its not just oil that has been 'used up' - enormous amounts of metal ores have already been mined and used, making a complete rebuild of what already exists nigh on impossible in the evnt of nuclear calamity or asteroid destruction, apparently.
 
 
Lurid Archive
11:31 / 09.03.04
This thread is all over the place and seems to be tapping into some deep fears, so I thought I'd inject a little grim optimism.

Global warming and the attendant effects could be severe. But these will take place over a period of time in which things will get gradually worse. Climates, geography and the subsequent changes usable farming land will be problematic. However, this isn't nearly as extreme as everyone getting wiped out or zombified in a matter of weeks. By itself, while it would make for some major changes, I think that civilisation as we know it could get by. More or less.

The energy crisis is much the same. I'm going to stick my neck out and say that I don't think this is as much of a problem as people think. Much of the problem focusses on oil. This will run out at some point and the scarcity will be the cause for major conflict. But I think this is more to do with the vested interests of the oil companies than it is to do with an absolute energy crisis. I'm fairly confident that alternative energy sources, including biofuels and solar (I hear lots of good things about solar, these days) are viable. They are less efficient, require a certain amount of investment and would leave Shell with greatly reduced profits but they limit the size of the problem.

Mega consumption is more worrying, I think. I would need to look at the statistics, of course, but I think that significantly reducing the levels of US consumption is possible without affecting quality of life very much. It is easy to waste resources if you are rich. I'm not sure how that would play out on a global scale, though.

But is no one very worried about nuclear problems? I think we should be.
 
 
Scrambled Password Bogus Email
12:40 / 09.03.04
Yeah, me too. Especially in the former Soviet states...some chilling programmes about this, but you're right that it's hard to sperate the facts from the fearmongering.

As regards the oil, it really appeals to my sense of humour that wars are fought over the chemical remains of our ancient ancestors.
 
 
Mirror
19:00 / 09.03.04
Lurid> The biggest problem with climate change is that it's not necessarily true that it happens over long time spans. Feedback effects can potentially create major changes over short time scales, really a bit too fast to cope with.

You folks in Europe could end up in an ice age shortly, by the sounds of it.

One scenario for climate change
 
 
misterpc
19:16 / 09.03.04
One concept that might be useful is that of the 'tipping point', which I think comes from epidemiology originally, but now gets used for pretty much anything. The idea is that you can have lots of small incremental changes in a system until you reach a critical mass - at which point things start to get really bad, really fast.

This is particularly bad in the case of a feedback system, such as Angela Eiss describes in the link above. The defining feature of 'modern' societies is their complexity - really, we're very little different from people in developing countries, it's just that our societies are more complex, i.e. built up from more interlocking strands that have increasing effects on each other. As an example, take the international economic system, which tends to bite everybody quite hard when it bites - but which doesn't effect subsistence farmers much at all (which is not to say they don't have problems of their own).

So the worst-case scenario might be if we reach tipping points in more than one part of the bigger system at the same time (by which I mean within 100 years of each other, rather than within one week of each other). We can take one shock, we can take two... but three or more? In disaster response, we talk about 'coping strategies', those tricks and skills deployed to cope when a famine or flood hits a community - do modern societies have good enough coping strategies to survive similar events?

Answers on a postcard please.
 
  
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