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Thinly veiled - the ethics of allobiography

 
 
Ex
11:22 / 28.11.03
How would you feel if someone wrote the novel of your life, in full warty detail?
How would you feel if your first novel was disrupted by the ‘hero’ objecting to their privacy being violated?

Writing biographically influenced fiction is riddled with ethical issues. Having crawled through the first four pages of the ‘philosophies of fanfiction’ thread, some seem to me to be similar issues to those that surround fanfiction. Is using Real Life a ‘leg-up’ or an easy route? Should proper creative types be messing with it, or moving on to another level of invention? Is it fiddling with something that is intrinsically someone else’s – should one be allowed to garner (firstly) amusement or entertainment and (secondly) hard cash from someone else’s life?

And other related thoughts: Is is ethically sound to write about someone else’s life as long as it involved an interration with your life? How about where is didn't interract with yours, but it looked so cool you couldn’t resist it? What precautions does one owe the person whose life events you have cribbed (changed names, altered physical descriptions)? And does it make a difference if you’re using someone’s discomfort to base your creation – slight hilarious romantic trauma, or major full-on suffering?

I’m thinking mainly of work which is liminally autobigraphical, disguised or transformed, such as the traditional semi-autobiographical first novel (a roundly abused category of writing, but one which has produced some shiningly good works). I'm thinking less of unauthorized biographies - ventures such as the recent Sylvia Plath film - although they could be useful for comparison. As could the short story “Guide” in which Dennis Cooper has questionable things done to Alex James... which takes us back to Real Life fanfic.

And of course, all this abstraction has a motive – I’m currently hacking my way through some fiction and wondering how much I feel comfortable with nicking the life histories, mannerisms and traumas of friends. Give me permission, or possibly a slap on the wrist.
 
 
mcd
13:22 / 28.11.03
In fiction anything goes. Most of the best ideas originate from real life in some way. If one of these ideas are cause for a friend's real life pain, then ethically it's a bad idea. So change a name, a few details, hair color and you're fine IMO. In other words, if you're knowingly hurting someone you should rethink it but if you're using real life stuff as juice for your story without any malicious intent, it's fair game.

Biography is a different story, should be accurate to the best of your knowledge and ability, and if not, shouldn't be written.

I've read a few 'historical novels' like Gore Vidal's Lincoln and liked them a lot. I don't think anyone who reads a book like that assumes it's fact. You put some faith that the author has done the proper research, but understand it could be made up.
 
 
Professor Silly
13:54 / 28.11.03
I agree with changing just enough details to cover. Most of my lyrics are based on personal thoughts, feelings, etc. I do have one song that's based in part on a friend of a friend. I took this person's behavior (something he hides from his friends and maybe from himself) and pushed it to the furthest extreme I could. So it's fictionalized at this point (I think...I mean, maybe I'm clairvoyant and he really has abused as a child--I don't know) and I don't ever use his name or anything else to single him out. The closest I get to actual fact would be the name of the place where I used to work and he used to shop--and all this does is narrow the location down, not the person.

I don't see anything wrong with this...but maybe I'm not seeing it from enough perspectives...thoughts?
 
 
jiltedchild
14:38 / 28.11.03
i recently wrote a sketch show about the hous i lived in over the summer, foolishly i left the document open on my pc and one of my former hoiusemates read the script figured out which one he was and was not best pleased. despite my best efforts to explain that the house was only a starting point and that not everything in the show was based on what actually happened in the show he still is not happy with the idea of the show ever being put on.
oh well
 
 
Baz Auckland
14:55 / 28.11.03
A friend of mine was grappling with this issue a couple of years ago... the novel she was writing was based largely on her family, and she worried about potential fallout if it was ever published...

Dave Eggers's 'A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius' is a good example. In his case, he got permission from his friends and family to include them in the work (as far as I can remember from the intro. It's been a few years...)..

Hanif Kureishi(sp?)'s Buddha of Suburbia is what could happen if your family recognises themselves and aren't pleased. Apparently he's been completely disowned by his family for this autobiographical fiction...
 
 
Quantum
15:46 / 28.11.03
I like the line from 'The child that books built' when he mentions that he went on to do other things with people "..whose privacy is not mine to dispense with."
 
 
Ex
09:31 / 02.12.03
Thanks for all the thoughts. They have twitched my brain.

jiltedchild:
despite my best efforts to explain that the house was only a starting point and that not everything in the show was based on what actually happened in the show he still is not happy with the idea of the show ever being put on.

While not wanting to offend your housemate again by using him as a test case - what was it that ticked him off? Invasion of privacy? Exposure to the world? The fact that it was a comedy?

I was wondering if negotiated meanings might help (stealing tools from Oral History workers). As in, would people be less annoyed if you reached a shared interpretation of their lives and events? Do people get more angry when you've emphasised what they think is a mistaken view of their life?
Which also makes me wonder - who gets final say on what your life 'means'? People continuously interpret their friends' actions in ways the friends might not agree with - often in vast gossip fests - why shouldn't we write it down?

mcd:
If one of these ideas are cause for a friend's real life pain, then ethically it's a bad idea. So change a name, a few details, hair color and you're fine IMO. In other words, if you're knowingly hurting someone you should rethink it but if you're using real life stuff as juice for your story without any malicious intent, it's fair game.

This seems fair. But you've got two factors in there - outcome in the first bit of that and intent in the latter. Obviously they overlap, because you can set out to hurt someone, and you can make all possible efforts to avoid it. But is there a point where you'd put your foot down and say "I've done everything I can to disguise and alter and fictionalise this - I've dyed your hair, changed your name and moved you to Inverness - and you cannot in fairness be pissed off about my use of you as an inspirational start-point"? (Or would you cave to their judgement?)

And Baz - yes, I'd forgotten that Intimacy caused phenomenal family ructions. His sister wrote to the Guardian: "Does being famous mean you can devalue those around you and rewrite history for even more personal gain?" .
I've found this from an interview with Kureishi about self-censorship and writing about other people:

"If you think, 'I shouldn't say that,' it's always the things you should say."

But there are other people's feelings, too.

"Well, separation is traumatic. [...] And when you hate someone, you maybe behave monstrously towards them, which is a disgusting thought. And they hate you as well. That's what goes on."

I'm interested that he's saying "They hate you as well", suggesting a kind of balance in the situation - not: "They hate you, and they write a bestselling novel describing your loathsome qualities to the world, as well." I don't know if he sincerely thinks that whatever his ex wife can achieve with her hating could equal the exposure he's had for his own.

Quantum:
"..whose privacy is not mine to dispense with."

Class line. But I do wonder where my privacy overlaps with those of others.
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
10:05 / 02.12.03
Well, as French documentary-makers are now discovering, there are legal considerations, too. But I think the ethics are pretty simple: if it's not your story to tell, don't tell it. I knew a guy with the greatest wartime escape story ever. He'd lived it, and he told me as part of getting over it. Then he told everyone in the pub. Then he was telling everyone. I wanted to ask him to write it with me, but we lost touch. Now, I still know the story, but I'll never script it without his permission. Maybe I'll have to track him down one of these days.
 
 
Z. deScathach
10:41 / 02.12.03
I can only speak for myself here, but in terms of my writing, I find that all characters are based to some extent on living people. That being said, I refrain from "copying" someone's life. There may be elements of people's lives in a character, and that's how it should be. I refrain from copying a life verbatim, because I want to create something that is mine. I'll admit though, that when you write Horror/Sci-Fi, it's much more difficult to copy a life, because characters in those genre's tend to have "strange characteristics and lives". Like I said, it's just me, I'm not moralizing here. I would have a problem with hurting someone through my writing, as was mentioned above
 
 
Ex
09:13 / 03.12.03
But I think the ethics are pretty simple: if it's not your story to tell, don't tell it.

This seems simple, but would its over-rigorous application lead to certain people (with better literacy, literary education, more free time) occupying most of the semi-autobiographical novel genre? Could you ever see a scenario in which you have an active duty to tell the stories of others?
Helen Demidenko is a good example, I think - published in Australia a semi-a/b novel about her immigrant parent's experiences of WWII in Ukraine. One can see that she might have a certain right or duty to tell their stories, both as their daughter, and because she was literate and fluent in English while her father was an illiterate bus-driver. And because this 'story' or set of stories was an underexplored part of the Holocaust.
Except it turned out that her parents were English lecturers from Scunthorpe, leading to a shit-storm of criticism about truth and identity.
( "Even post-modernist geographers would, I imagine, be obliged to concede in the end that Scunthorpe is not in Ukraine." Robert Manne)
You can see it as fraud but I think it's more interesting: if it was a good book (ethically sound, politically important and as a terrific read) when it was her parent's story, when and why does it become a bad book?
 
 
Sax
13:55 / 11.12.03
When it is offered as partly factual when it is, in fact, fiction. If it's a good read, it's a good read, but why not just publish it as what it is - a made-up story? Claiming some kind of semi-autobiographical status creates a false relationship with the reader. It's okay to lie to people if they know they are being lied to - ie, if they are reading a work of fiction, but it's bad to lie to them if they are unaware.
 
 
sleazenation
15:02 / 11.12.03
Sax - interesting response - but when The Coen Brothers did also the same thing (claiming that Fargo was 'based on a true story' at the beginning of the film when in fact it was entirely fictious) no one batted an eyelid - was it simply that the authoress claimed it as personal history that makes the difference?
 
 
Olulabelle
09:29 / 12.12.03
As part of his acceptance speech, the writer of Cold Feet who won an award for best comedy script at the British Comedy Awards the other night made a reference to the friends whose 'lives he had stolen' in order to write the scripts.

He thanked these friends by name and on live national TV.

This suggests that they were a/aware and b/happy to have the drama written at least in part about them and I think that is really the key point. If you steal someone elses life story in order to write a novel, or a play or whatever it is that you are doing, then I think they should be both aware of it, and happy for you to do it.

Having said that, if you sit on a bus and overhear a conversation which you then use, that's not the same as stealing the emotions and traumas of the people you know, and therefore perfectly acceptable in my book. (No pun intended!)
 
 
Sax
11:46 / 12.12.03
Sleaze - I dunno, with something like Fargo I think you instinctively know that the "this is a true story" is part of the fiction... it's like giving a novel the title "a heartbreaking work of staggering genius". It's a bit meta. But going on the reading tour etc purporting that your work is faction when it's fiction (not that I know Helen Demidenko did this, I'm merely extrapolating here) is nothing short of a con-trick on the paying public.
 
 
Disco is My Class War
01:40 / 15.12.03
The issue with Helen Demidenko/Darville was that a) large sections of the novel were plagiarised; b) she'd basically written a defence of Ukrainian anti-Semitism during WWII, and rationalised it as 'family history' in interviews and marketing; and c), embarrassingly for the Ozlit establishment, she was awarded a big prize for the book -- precisely because that year everyone was gaga about 'faction' as a genre. The prize was later withdrawn. Plus, no matter what prize it won, it was always a bad book. Shockingly written.

Part of the ethics of telling stories all boils down to the skill and complexity of the writing. Part of it isn't about the actual 'writing' at all. People will write what comes out. Even if you make up a story, how do you know you've really made it up and not pieced it together subconsciously from things you've been told or heard?

The point is what you do once you've written it, how you present it, and especially how you approach people who may recognise themselves. If you take the chance and get it published, you have to make a decision about whether to take responsibility for the writing. Either way, you'll be judged, and you can't escape judgment as a writer. If you're judged to be a stinking asshole who sucks at the flesh of other peoples' stories, then so be it. It's not as if writers don't already have that reputation.

There is one surefire option, which is to put off writing or publication until the involved parties are dead. I suspect this was an easier option in the 18th century than nowadays: life expectancy was far shorter.
 
 
Jack The Bodiless
11:38 / 17.12.03
I agree - you can, as with many aspects of life, feel free to steal the lives of others to incorporate into your fiction - just be ready to take responsibility for what you write. Same holds true of any aspect of life that impinges on others, or on your relationships with others.

If you use their loves and don't ask them (or even if you do ask them and they say no, and you do it anyway), you're open to people shouting "Bastardo! Bastardo!" in the street, and biting their thumb at you, and so forth. It depends how you want to be perceived as a person, and also as a writer.

It also depends whether you give a toss about that particular person, to be honest. I gave some pointless fuck a cameo in a story of mine, recorded some of hir worst acts towards her friends and peers, me included, and then had her killed in a particularly unpleasant manner. Everything apart from the murder was true - the murder was wish-fulfillment on my part...
 
  
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