I self-loathing is a misapplication of a necessary and good function of the mind. When our minds are working really well, we will still tend to make mistakes, and when we do, turn our attention towards the cause of the mistake, feeling guilty, perhaps, or foolish. This can help us not to make similar mistakes (and I include moral errors) in the future. Problems arise, however, because of another very good characteristic of the mind: its ability to form habits. Forming habits is a good thing, because it allows us to perform the most common tasks of life without great difficulty and to adapt when those tasks change. Unfortunately, we can form habits of just about anything we do, including turning our attention towards our faults and feeling guilty about them. If we do this often enough, the guilt ceases to function as a deterent and, instead, functions to reincforce the habit of thought that leads us to our greatest faults to begin with.
That's on an individual level.
On a cultural level, we work much the same way, reminding people that we disapprove of their actions in order to provoke guilt. The goal of this reminder seems to be the same: deter the person from acting in a similar fashion in the future. But, as I think about it in these terms, there may be another reason for trying to trigger guilt or humiliation or self-hatred in another person. It may be that, when it becomes apparent that you aren't going to be able to deter hir, you decide to beat hir down so that hir faults are a smaller threat to the community. You try to activate the self-destruct mechanism in the person. If this is the case, then there's a question of why we would have a self-destruct mechanism at all. I think it is because we are social animals, and that there is evidence that all social animals have a natural capacity to sacrifice for their community. This would explain why depression can lead to a kind of fatalistic attitude, as thought we were preparing for nothing more than to be the one picked off by the next predator. |