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Swordfish: Malfunctioning Meme / Media Violence

 
  

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reidcourchie
10:07 / 31.07.01
I like action films, always have regardles of whatever artistic merit they have. I make no apologies for this. I like slick, stylish, violent films, wit huge budgest and lots of shiny special effects. That saying I had heard very little about Swordfish (except some of my car obssessed friend kept on telling me had something called a TVR in it) and unusually for me I went to the cinema with few pre-conceptions of the film.

I was pleasantly surprised, not groundbreaking but a highly enjoyable film of a no need to engage you brain type of genre. I had two problems with the film. Th first and minor one was I flt it could've done with a huge Heat style gunfight at the end. The second one was Gabriel's (the charcter played by Travolta) political alliegances.

The first half of the film is quite promising, Gabriel hires a computer hacker (the geezer who played Wolverine I think, I don't know his name so I'll probably refer to him as Wolverine) to help him steel a ridiculous amount of money from a governement slush fund. Cool. Gabriel comes across as a libertine and something of anarchist. I may have read too much into it but I saw him as something of King Mob character. However later in the film he is revealed as a hard right government operative with the sort of political stance that hasn't been seen since the heyday of Rambo. And he gets away with it. Very dissapointing.

Now I know Morrison used Robert Carlyle's character as an example of the permiation of his hypersigil into mainstream society. Is this what's happening with Swordfish only it's somehow be perverted? Corporate countemagick?

Slightly off topic (rotting my own thread before it's begun, very clever) but Morrison suggested that post millenium the "kids" would be all for totalatarian style politics but my opinion is left wing activism is on the rise. So what's going on, is the sigil having the reverse effect?

Reading what I've written it strikes me that this thread might be better off in the magick. If people think this is the case then I'll ask to have it moved.
 
 
Eloi Tsabaoth
12:21 / 31.07.01
I don't think that Swordfish's ambitions were anywhere near that sophisticated. It seemed more to me a pose, a layering of near desperate 'cool' elements in an attempt to impress the audience. The never ending Matrix steals that Joel Silver clearly feels he is entitled too, the sad, incogrous attempts at metafiction, the 'isn't hacking cool and exciting' sections, the lamentable blowjob/gun to head scene, all the sub-political bollocks and Vinnie Jones...

The film talks about realism in the cinema and presents the least likely film ever. Gabriel Shear is the least fucking effective black-ops guy ever, who does secret business in nightclubs, blows up cars in the middle of the street, and robs banks by driving right into them. He doesn't even bother to bug the rooms in his house. His idea of a disguise is to die his hair blonde and shave off his beard. His girlfriend's idea of a disguise is growing her hair.

Of course, we have to 'care' about Hugh Jackman's impossibly buff computer geek, so he gets a cute daughter with an evil porno mother.

A plot that is little more than a giant hole, women treated worse than objects, twists that don't even qualify as twists, and all throughout the nasty, snide belief that this film is smart, cool, and The Usual Suspects.

If I had my time over again, not only would I not see this film, I would deliberately hamper the making of it.

Maybe you're right. This film seems like the fetid bottom rumblings of an archon-antisigil-attack.Resist it!
 
 
reidcourchie
13:56 / 31.07.01
So what are you saying? You didn't like it?
 
 
Eloi Tsabaoth
14:03 / 31.07.01
Sorry, I got a bit carried away. I liked the bit where Hugh Jackman's response to a Swiss Bank telling him he had 10 million dollars was a curt "Thanks". But I don't know whether that was intentionally funny or not...
 
 
Jamieon
16:08 / 31.07.01
Slightly off topic (rotting my own thread before it's begun, very clever) but Morrison suggested that post millenium the "kids" would be all for totalatarian style politics but my opinion is left wing activism is on the rise. So what's going on, is the sigil having the reverse effect?

Errr... 'Big Brother', anyone?

Much more popular/fashionable than anti globalization protests.
 
 
ynh
18:30 / 01.08.01
Why doesn't anybody get that most libertarians are hard right anyway? Oh, that'll cost me, I'm sure.

This is the future of the good-guy vigilante. He's smart, still white, and interested in protecting America when the bad bad government won't do anything about it. I'm pleased the film exists. I don't think ideology is an easy thing to explain to people, but Swordfish made an allegory that does it beautifully.
 
 
Ria
20:03 / 02.08.01
Slightly off topic (rotting my own thread before it's begun, very clever) but Morrison suggested that post millenium the "kids" would be all for totalatarian style politics but my opinion is left wing activism is on the rise. So what's going on, is the sigil having the reverse effect?

An activist movement on the fringes doesn't necessarily mean motion forward in the center. Besides which today's activism seems more dogmatic than in the '60's. More Doctrinaire. But then I don't remember those times so I could have it wrong.
 
 
Imaginary Mongoose Solutions
22:17 / 02.08.01
The thing being, however... In my circle of friends almost everyone loved it because...

"The Good Guys Win".

And this is a group that would tend to call themselves "liberal". They're all aganst censorship and legalizing drugs and... blowing up the bad guys.

So, yeah... I think it did a very nice job of hijacking a certain image and turning it 360. John Travolta was the bad-acting demon offspring of Morpheus, Regan and Thatcher.

And at least in my neck of the woods, Streight-Edge and Hard Right Punk are making a comeback.

Besides, don't fascists have the sexiest uniforms?
 
 
Rev. Jesse
03:13 / 03.08.01
So why do all the really potentially interesting movies, in terms of plot and what not, end up sucking? The premise of Swordfish maybe nice, but the acting was crap.
 
 
The Strobe
11:17 / 03.08.01
It had a really nice explosion, where the Matrix-camera trick _worked_, because it was more than just a funky trick; it allowed the camera to look like it was doing something otherwise impossible (panning vvv quickly through walls).

And then the film went downhill fast. Confusing films may be in vogue, but confusing does NOT equal incomprehensible. Swordfish was just daft. And silly. And morally irresponsible. And John Travolta _sucked ass_.

The other problem was the three-or-so false endings it had. Once the plot caught up with itself, and they did the explosion again... the film was already beginning to end. And that took too long.

The misinformation stuff was _way_ underused, too. Ah well. Another crap film with Vinnie Jones in it. Bar that very, very cool explosion... why did they bother making it?
 
 
Ria
16:45 / 03.08.01
And at least in my neck of the woods, Streight-Edge and Hard Right Punk are making a comeback.

Most straight-edge kids believe in abstaining as a personal choice at leat rather than as something for the government to control. I do know and have met members of the Hardline group about five years ago. anti-gay, anti-abortion vegans.
 
 
Imaginary Mongoose Solutions
17:08 / 03.08.01
Most of the SE's I've run into, and this could just be the taint of Cincinnati, feel that the things they abstain from shouldn't be available, period. Not everyton is as enlightened as them, you see.

And you, over there, Paleface:

"And morally irresponsible"

Howso? I mean it put forth and quietly supported an ideology that I personally find repugnant, but how does that make it "morally irresponsible".

Note: I hate the phrase Morally Irresponsible, the last time I head it used face to face was when Ralph Nader was explaining to me why video games and violent movies and books needed to no longer produced.
 
 
ynh
17:22 / 03.08.01
Well, you see, marketing violence to people is morally irresponisble if there's even a slight chance that such things encourage even a slight tendency towards violence in the consumer and you, as a marketer, know that.

I might say that about Swordfish considering the terrorists singled out werre generally the underdogs on the international media scene while America, a deplorable nation, is that which must be protected regardless of law, morality, or human rights. But, and this is important, I think the producers were just assholes, very responsible, but simply evil manipulative bastards.
 
 
The Strobe
19:42 / 03.08.01
I don't condone violence in media at all.

It's just I found that when Travolta feeds us the line that he's part of a top-secret Govt. organisation (which he's not), Jackman is _supposed_ to think this makes everything alright. He doesn't, but it s an attempt to soften some stuff up.

Remember, in the original draft, Shear was an out-and-out-psycho. They toned him down and added lots of daft confusing bits to make his nefarious activities seem OK.

Essentially: never have I seen an action film that cared so little about the people it kills. That may sound daft, but when you get the big focus on that explosion at the beginning (never mind the poor hostage shredded in it)... you could really make somehting out of that. After all, Travolta's talked about hostage-murdering already. Sena then goes on to completely kill any effect that brutal killing might have by just filling the screen later (see: the big chase) with pointless deaths. I thought the chase sequence was good, worked well, and had no problem with the violence there in the context of the action movie; but following the opening explosion, never mind it didn't look as cool, it seemed flippant.

I think that's what I mean. I've probably not explained my argument entirely correctly and have now shot myself in both feet. Ah well. Can you see what I'm getting at? In essence: I'm not against dumb action movies.
 
 
Ria
20:26 / 03.08.01
kevin, I have spent time with squeaky clean leftist straight edge kids who didn't make that much of a point of their abstinence compared with their politics, say.

I didn't know that about Nader, thank you for the information. I know that one of my heroes Timothy Leary loathed him and have wondered why he did.
 
 
Pin
00:23 / 10.08.01
Bar far my favourite bit of the film was, just after the explanation of what Project Swordfish was, when Gabrial goes to shoot the corrupt Senator (It said spoiler at the top! I'm not repeating it for you!), my friend sitting next to me went, as the Senator throws his fishing line into the water "Is this where the swordfish comes in?". She also thought the Matrix was "far too complicated." Oh yeah, and the whole "woman grows hair as disquise" thing? That fooled her too. And every fucking minute around the explosion, every time you saw it and the aftermath, she kept asking what the ball bearings were for. And she thought Hacker Guy's kid was picked up by Black-Op's and not by Police-In-Bullet-Proof-Vest, as actualy hapened.

It is a mistake to belive that these films arte overly simple for all.
 
 
Mordant Carnival
05:10 / 10.08.01
Why doesn't anybody get that most libertarians are hard right anyway? Oh, that'll cost me, I'm sure.

[threadjack]Too true, to true...[/threadjack]
 
 
ynh
16:42 / 10.08.01
quote:Originally posted by Paleface:
Remember, in the original draft, Shear was an out-and-out-psycho. They toned him down and added lots of daft confusing bits to make his nefarious activities seem OK.


Does the original draft matter in any meaningful sense? Other than Comparative Literature I mean? It's what's there, the story that's told, that's important.
 
 
The Strobe
19:52 / 10.08.01
Depends how you're criticising it. Depends on how you criticise anything.

You can take the film alone, in isolation from evertyhing else. Don't mention the Matrix when you describe the explosion. Don't mention similar confusing-film plots. Don't mention Don Cheadle doing a ridiculously routine shtick performance lifted from another of his films.

Or... take into account other things. And if you can be comparative to another film, surely you can be comparative within the versions of a single film? Examining how films are redrafted is actually a fascinating process... the early, overcomplex, overlong draft of X-Men sheds some light on characterisation in the great tight final version... but also shows you how you can write stuff that just won't work. So I think examining drafts is perfectly valid.

"Only criticising the story" is to be honest a very basic, inadequate method of criticism. And I'm not being patronising here; everyone criticses to a higher level than that when they come out of a cinema and say "X was better than Y". Bam. There's your comparison.

So in summary: No, you're wrong. =]
 
 
ynh
05:16 / 11.08.01
Wrong for asking questions! Literary criticism, Comparative Lit. Intertextuality. Sure thing. But if we want to thing about what Gabriel means, then we stick with Gabriel onscreen, naturally. What's being pushed and all that?
 
 
The Strobe
13:34 / 11.08.01
Hmm. No.

If we want to think about what Gabriel means, we can just use the Gabriel on screen. I'm just pointing out that you can also use the previous drafts of Gabriel. It's a valid point, especially if the drafts were by the same author (which they may or may not hav been, I know).

That's just what I believe. There's nothing wrong with criticising Gabriel purely based on the final draft version of him... but you can't criticse me for taking the wider Gabriel into account; both methods are equally valid.
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
16:34 / 11.08.01
God, don't rule anything out. You want to know what's going on, look at all the available material. Audiences pick up on missing scenes as much as on present ones...and my God, there's some stuff missing from Swordfish.

Am I the only one who thinks it totally leaves satire behind and just ends up right wing as all get out?

I was kinda stunned. Are there missing scenes which make Travolta's character cooler or more accessable, or more of an ass? 'Cos right now it just looks like porn for the gunnuts in Illinois.
 
 
ynh
01:38 / 12.08.01
Actually, Nick, and Paleface, that's sort of what I meant. Swordfish as is is soft-porn for survivalists, libertarians, and the folks who watch and say, "right on," when he gets away with it and does some good by wasting terrorists. The message it sends immediately is important.

By no means ignore anything in a larger critical context, though.
 
 
The Strobe
01:38 / 12.08.01
Yeah. I kind of agree with Nick's point... it didn't really criticise the right-winged nature of Gabriel or anything... it just... was. Which made me hate it more.

God, that film sucked.
 
 
Tom Coates
20:31 / 12.08.01
Actually, Nick, and Paleface, that's sort of what I meant. Swordfish as is is soft-porn for survivalists, libertarians, and the folks who watch and say, "right on," when he gets away with it and does some good by wasting terrorists. The message it sends immediately is important.

I have to say that I enjoyed the film - I thought it was about 2/3rds of the way there.

And actually, I thought (although I might be the only one) that its one good point was that it made it clear that in its view important things could be done by bad people - that there were vicious killers who were clearly sociopathic, but that DESPITE that, our 'comfort' and 'standards of living' might be dependant upon them. I quite liked that. It seemed a remarkably interesting change from blue-collar soldiers and pure patriotic 'pure as the driven snow' operatives.

And if you look at it, really, isn't the fact that the guy is doing what he believes is right - and that he MAY ACTUALLY BE CORRECT - even though it's HIGHLY unsavoury - a more interesting kind of film bad-guy?
 
 
The Strobe
20:40 / 12.08.01
Well Tom, maybe. I mean, it's interesting that here's a villain who, though a deranged individual, really does believe what he stands for.

And yet... though they're trying to break away with this "new kind of film badguy", he's still full of lazy characterisation; he's covered in a Joel Silver vacuum-packed sheen; he's an attempt, but he's not the real thing. It's so half baked, they may as well not have bothered in my opinion.

Does that make sense?
 
 
reidcourchie
13:45 / 15.08.01
Teela are you of the opinion that audiences are largely just cyphers for media programming? To what extent do you feel that what we see on the screen affects our actions in real life?

Originally posted by Nick
"Am I the only one who thinks it totally leaves satire behind and just ends up right wing as all get out?"

No that's what made me start this thread.

Tom I see your point but I felt we were back in Cobra/Deathwish/Dirty Harry territory. Abandon your rights so we can save you. I found this particularly jarring because of what seemed like quite a left wing set up (maybe that's just me). I did enjoy the spectacle.
 
 
YNH
16:52 / 15.08.01
quote:Originally posted by reidcourchie:
Teela are you of the opinion that audiences are largely just cyphers for media programming? To what extent do you feel that what we see on the screen affects our actions in real life?


If you think it's relevant, you'll want to unpack cypher before I comment on it. But offhand I'd say no and point to my comments in the Fanfic thread. Everybody seems to equate Cultivation with Hypodermic theory; all the while denying the media has any effect at all.

I don't think the media necessarily affect our actions. However, as the centre of cultural storytelling and the lens through which we evaluate what it means to be human, they have enormous potential to influence our attitudes (and thus, through them, behaviors.)

One movie like Swordfish isn't going to change anybody's mind, but in the context of the last decade of action films (with arab/muslim "bad guys") and the tradition of the vigilante, it can serve to reinforce those representations. The positive representation of Travolta's character reverberates with the evening news, the NYTimes, &c.

The media are as much part of your real life as Barbelith or your mother.
 
 
Imaginary Mongoose Solutions
20:51 / 17.08.01
Tom makes an interesting point in regards to the film showing that American National Security and our way of life may rest in the hands of sociopaths and murderers. However, that's a very delicate point to try and put across and have it be seen as anything "subversive".

I don't think Swordfish even tries to put the point across in any way that dosen't say "Woot! The Good Guy wins and blows up some more brown people!".

Perhaps my views of the film are coloured by the fact I live in the American midwest. Everyone I know who has seen this film has been overwhelmingly positive about it and also took the same message away from it.

Gabriel Shear, much like Rambo, is a man who has been put upon by the very system he has given up everything to support and protect. And like Rambo, he is willing to go outside the law in order to do what he (and the audience) knows is Right.

No one I've spoken to even cares that people were killed in the attempt. The first female hostage's death is attributed solely to the police by most audiences I've seen.

In the end Gabriel Shear gets away (and gets the girl) and goes off into the sunset on a mission to keep Us safe from outside threats.

It's as American as Mom's Apple Pie and Semetex.

I posit that Gabriel Shear is a very successful crossbreed of Morpheus and Rambo. Like Morpheus he exists in a strange world (fast cars, cool guns, hot women, lots of money) outside our own. He is responsible to no one and he's always three steps ahead of the bad guys.

While I enjoyed most of the movie from a purely passive theatregoing experience, I was left ill at ease by it and it's cavalier attitudes when I left the theatre.

I hear talk of a sequel, by the way.

Kevin

PS - The Okenfold mixed soundtrack did, however, rock.
 
 
reidcourchie
11:54 / 22.08.01
Originally posted by [YNH]

"If you think it's relevant, you'll want to unpack cypher before I comment on it. But offhand I'd say no and point to my comments in the Fanfic thread. Everybody seems to equate Cultivation with Hypodermic theory; all the while denying the media has any effect at all."

I do think it's relavant as Teela (are you Teela?) seemed to suggest a causal relationship between violence in society and violence in the media. Something which as far as I am aware there is only anecdotal evidence of (and far more evidence to suggest the contrary) and would be impossible to measure in any way.

This is not the same as suggesting that the media has no effect on our lives, it very obviously does (I mean we're all here aren't we) but that's very different from saying that people don't know the differance between fantasy and reality.

What's a straight edger?
 
 
Ray Fawkes
12:45 / 22.08.01
quote:Swordfish as is is soft-porn for survivalists, libertarians, and the folks who watch and say, "right on," when he gets away with it and does some good by wasting terrorists.

Hmm...that's not how I saw it. It looked to me as if Gabriel was "just another terrorist" in the end - killing civillians, robbing a bank, and blowing up a private yacht. He might have been congratulating himself, but one would have to completely ignore his actions to believe that he was in the right.
 
 
YNH
13:34 / 22.08.01
Yes, I'm Teela (namecheck the YNH at the end of the suit and/or [Your Name Here]... I'm the latest victim of the Barbelith Soul Eater or whatever...)

quote:OP by reid:
I do think it's relavant as Teela (are you Teela?) seemed to suggest a causal relationship between violence in society and violence in the media. Something which as far as I am aware there is only anecdotal evidence of (and far more evidence to suggest the contrary) and would be impossible to measure in any way.


You made me choke on my coffee, but I'm an excitable fella. Where did you hear there was more evidence to the contrary? Seriously.

Everyone seems to think this is the case, but a review of research (check out Televison) reveals that, in fact, there's bountiful evidence that media violence affects societal violence. There are actual very few studies indicating no relationship. The quibble is over who is affected, also a media dodge. The evidence is neither entirely anecdotal nor adequately countered. And, taken in total, states clearly "violence in the media affects violence in socity." The few longitudinal studies conducted over periods of 30-40 years even indicate that childhood viewers of violent content are more likely to end up in prison for violent crimes than childhood viewers of neutral or pro-social content. The authors of the book are rigorous folks, they looked at all the literature: from government studies to media glom sponsored research to academic work.

We all want to believe there's some sort of separation between fantasy and reality but in truth television and movies occupy the position of cultural storyteller, shaman, bard, church, or tradition. But what about me? I watch action movies, Xena, Bruce Lee. Why aren't I violent?

The rest of the research indicates heavy viewers (roughly 5-7 hours a day) are more likely to believe that the world outside the window is a "meaner" place than it really is and to support harsher penalties for criminals, the death penalty, &c.

Ray, if I say your reading is somehow better informed than someone else's then I'll get accused of elitism. so let me try this from the angle kevin prodes: ie the folks he's talked to or the few cheers at the end of the film when I saw it. As a population we've been educated in the ethics of the antihero since at least the mid-eighties. Rambo keeps coming up. Batman. Nick cage in Con-Air (forgive me, a dear friend loves this movie). Criminals end up being the folks we root for. It's complicated and messy, but in the end at least half the audience will sympathise with Gabriel. In fact, if the scene where he shoots the senator (arguably okay anyway) wasn't there, he'd be pretty much unassailable. Even with it, he's "dong the right thing" by American standards and thus gets props despite being a psycho. Like Rambo. Glad to hear you were reading the same movie I was though.
 
 
Ray Fawkes
14:45 / 22.08.01
Hmm, yes...the anti-hero is a strong figure in American ethos right now, and has been for a while. It all sits in well with the individualist rhetoric that plays up and down the American spectator's field of view while simultaneously advancing a "you can't fix it by yourself - you're not as tough as this guy" message.

However, I saw "Swordfish" as a particularly dark film, an ugly display of Gabriel's behavior (exposing a philosophy that is as imbalanced as it is violent), as well as Jackman's character's (I forget his name) ultimate weakness - allowing Gabriel's escape to go unchallenged in exchange for money and comfort.

Of course I can tell that this might be a minority reading. That doesn't matter - other people can enjoy it any way they like.

Now as to violence in media and it's connection to violence in society, I don't know if anybody here is qualified to comment. Not because there's a dearth of trustworthy studies, but because I don't believe any society is capable of observing itself in the present with anything approaching analytical objectivity. What I do know is this: human society is violent. What makes it more or less so at any given time may be a moot point. We have never existed peacefully and without brutality. It's hard to find somebody who tries to make the point for some influence or another causing harm without first establishing a "better time" scenario - and, if you ask me, that is a false start.
 
 
reidcourchie
10:42 / 23.08.01
My apologies [YNH], I meant circumstantial not anecdotal. (Though much of it is anecdotal. A recent example of this was a programme on C4 in Britain called Public Enemy, about moral panics. Recently 3 Italian teenagers murdered a nun. All the girls wre apparently fans of Marilyn Manson. Manson was then, rather predictably accused of being responsible. The theory being that the 3 girls were all nice girls so someone must have made them do it.)

I must admit your post did make me stop for a moment and wonder if there has been any sudden break trhoughs recently in this field. To be fair I haven't studied this in over 5 years, when I made a documentary on the subject for a college course I was on. I'd also studied it several years previous to that but that was only for A-level, so probably not that in depth. I did however study media effects (causal rather than merely influence) for my dissertation on my degree. So a couple of questions if I may.

How do you go about gauging the effects of the media on society?
Is televison the only thing you have read on the subject?

I did have a quick look around the internet (not my favorite means of research by a longshot) and did really find anything to support what you're saying. Most of the studies done were refering to children, not adults. Children do not have the fully functioning ability to tell the differance between fantasy and reality. (And even in most of the studies I looked at they suggested that parental control and education (also home based) where the way forward.) Adults do. Adults not able to tell the differance are as far as I am aware quite seriously ill.

Originally posted by [YNH]
"The few longitudinal studies conducted over periods of 30-40 years even indicate that childhood viewers of violent content are more likely to end up in prison for violent crimes than childhood viewers of neutral or pro-social content."

Which could just as easily be taken as saying violent people are attracted to violent media. It works both ways. What about the millions of people who consume violent media who never hurt anyone?

Originally posted by [YNH]
"But what about me? I watch action movies, Xena, Bruce Lee. Why aren't I violent?"

You never did answer that. I grew up watching action movies, often watching things I was too young to be watching. Not only am I not violent I have an intense fear and distrust of guns.

The worrying thing about this kind of thinking is the, I'm alright but the rest of the world is stupid idea. That you are more clever than the average viewer, that you can tell the differance between fantasy and reality but the proles are too stupid to.

Have you considered the social circumstances of someone able to watch 5-7 hours of TV a day? Perhaps for them their world is a meaner place. Even if not that's media influence not effect and I thought we were talking about effect (well I was anyway).

This kind of rhetoric is a balm, a scapegoat. It's another way of abdicating responsibility and focusing on symptoms rather than looking at causes like poverty, like class, like the modern family unit etc. If you're right and I kill someone, can I then say Buffy made me do it? Who then is responsible? Joss Whedon? But isn't he an automaton like product of the same programmeing like mechanism of the media? Or is he one of the elite who actually gets it?

More later. Possibly a new thread. What do you think?
 
 
reidcourchie
10:52 / 23.08.01
Oh a couple of things.

Just reiterating what Ray said. Can you point to a golden age of non-violence in a time free of th effect of mass media?

Also one of the people I interviewed was a psychologist at Broadmoor Mental Hospital who dealt primarily with violent patients. Psychologically speaking, from what I can remember (and I would welcome Ganesh's input on this), it is a case of violent personality types latching on to violent media, not the media creating violent personality types. Thank god, what a depressing world this would be otherwise. She however was pretty much against violent media content.
 
  

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