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Revolutionary mechanics

 
 
Closed for Business Time
20:34 / 26.11.07
The question was raised by myself in the thread about Zizek in Headshop: "What was good about the Russian revolution?"

A little context first:

petunia and All Acting Regiment were discussing a piece by crazy Slovenian philosopher Zizek where he's talking about the dissimilarities between the Nazi and Stalin regimes in particular, and fascist and socialist regimes in general.

In this post AAR says the hammer-and-sickle stands for Stalin, but also for all the good things about the Russian revolution.
whereupon yours truly threadrottingly interjects with the question "What, exactly, was good about the Russian revolution?"

petunia answered I'd respond that it was a good display of potential. It showed the ability of a people/some people to rise against a regime and put another one in place. I don't see much good in everything that follows, but this initial act of displacement and change can stand as a good reminder of what we can do.

Of course, there is the counter argument of 'yeah, but look what happened!' It could be said that any revolutionary attempt is doomed to end up a repetition of what came before. This might be true...


A little later AAR says What I can think of is the propensity for the left-wing to be utterly disaparaged in mainstream discourse, for anything vaguley revolutionary, for anything that involves interrupting the current power-structures to be treated with either mockery or revulsion

to which I, totally unable to say anything about Zizek at all, come up with
Again, sorry for slightly off-topica extrusion, but
What I can think of is the propensity for the left-wing to be utterly disaparaged in mainstream discourse, for anything vaguley revolutionary, for anything that involves interrupting the current power-structures to be treated with either mockery or revulsion

could one of the reasons for this be the classic problem with any kind of revolutionary theory: what do you do the day after the rulers have been deposed?
Meaning, it's one thing to instigate a revolution (and to critique existing power differentials, inequalities, unfair set-ups etc.). It's a very different thing to not only design a different political/economic/social system, but also implement it.

So in my experience (YMMV), what puts people off les revolutionnaires is the rhetorically fancy but substantially weightless and baseless (because untested) answers to that basic question: if you destroy the power mechanisms of the society you're in, how do you go about replacing it with something else, not to mention better, all the while NOT killing thousands or millions?


As far as I can see (admittedly not always very) this seems to be the eternal stumbling block for theories and ideologies of revolution whether they are on the left or right side of the spectrum - there seem to me to be no tried _nor_ tested revolutionary mechanisms that well and goodly destroy the unwanted mechanisms of power that substantiate the status quo, while at the same time substituting them with something better (andirealisei'mrepeatingmyselfathispoint).

It's hammer Nolte-time!
 
 
Jackie Susann
22:00 / 26.11.07
I'm not sure what you're saying. Capitalism did a pretty good job of overthrowing feudalism, right? History has proved plenty of times that outdated social systems can be destroyed. There's just not, like, a ten point plan or something.

(Sorry if I missed the point.)
 
 
petunia
23:58 / 26.11.07
The bicycle - Fucking brilliant revolution.

And not just because that sentence is a (weak) pun.

The things that really change our day to day life (like the bicycle, electricity, windows, etc) are never brought in with guns, politicians and shouty-shouty. The proper changes in life always seem to be the quiet ones that sneak in through the back door ('how did this internet get here?!'). These are the things that revolutionise the way we think and interact with our world, the things that actually change our lives (maaan...).

So if a revolution (in the more traditional sense of 'a change from one political structure) is to happen properly, it seems to make sense that it will happen 'in the night'. I'd love an Anarchist society, but I don't think we'll get one by blowing up parliament - all that will get is civil war for a while. I can only see Anarchy coming about as a part of a 'societal evolution' - if we work capitalism (which grew from feudalism) to benefit us and bring about wealth to a great degree, we can 'give birth' to Socialism, which in turn can grow to a healthy non-enforced Communism, which, when we are ready, will become a lovely flowering Anarchism.

But people have to be ready for these things. Socialism enforced on a country without the wealth ends up like Russia (conversely, capitalism clung to when change is needed could be stagnating). Anarchy enforced on a country ends up in, well, anarchy in the worst sense of the word.

So I agree that revolutions don't work, but I also disagree that revolutions don't work. If you try to impose a system that is not suitable for the current conditions, you will end up back where you started, or possibly further back. But if you bring a system full-course, a 'natural revolution' can occur, like that enabled by the bicycle, by the lightbulb, by the train...
 
 
el d.
07:29 / 27.11.07
Well.... feudalism didn´t go easily, either. (And one could argue it still exists in some forms... )
Neither did any other form of (state) organisation. Mostly they like to go kicking and screaming and tearing stuff apart. Even lots of "peaceful" technological revolutions caused, or were at least part of the cause of, some very bloody counterparts... the classic example being the Gutenberg Press and the Thirty Year´s War.
And of course the good old french revolution. One could argue that they failed miserably, but then again, they tried stuff which had, to some extent, been tested before (Democracy and republic as in Greece and Rome) and which most probably led to the more or less permanent downfall of monarchy.
 
 
Closed for Business Time
08:30 / 27.11.07
Jackie: Yeah, I left things a bit vague. Originally I was meaning to ask more specifically about people's views re the classic (I'm thinking type violent shouty politico French kinda) post-Enlightenment revolutionary rhetorics and ideologies - all kinds of utopian "ten-point plans" where everything must go if there's to be any point to it.

Else I'm probably with petunia that most of the important, long-term and deep-reaching changes happen in an evolutionary, and not a revolutionary fashion. Though that brings up a lot of questions, many definitionary:

# how fast must change be for it to be called a revolution?
# must change always be planned/conscious/rational for it to be called revolutionary?
# what's the difference between evolution and revolution anyway?
# what's the advantage for whom when in naming this change revolution, and that change merely evolution?

is this too rambly? should we tighten the focus?
 
 
All Acting Regiment
12:21 / 28.11.07
Can I suggest that we might, wrongly, be looking for a revolution that will be a "final solution", that will install the perfect state and then last for all time without the need for any more - rather, the revolution ought to be the best possible change in the given situation, but the state it creates should be understood to be subject to change as and when it ceases to be useful?

That is, we should rather be looking for an insurrectionary society in which revolution is always on the cards, rather than being something that happens once and then we stay still - accepting the nature of society as composed of revolution after revolution, rather than seeing society as ideally placid.

This may be my South American ancestry breaking out, but I see little wrong with the insurrectionary society.
 
 
coweatman
00:10 / 06.12.07
there's a lot of talk in anarchist circles about the kind of revolution that makes the state unneccesary, and not the kind where people fire a lot of guns.
 
 
Closed for Business Time
06:58 / 06.12.07
Yes? More please.
 
 
infinitus
21:04 / 06.12.07
Evolution per definition is something that builds upon something that already exists, and improves it. Not sure if that is the fact with revolutions - in Iran, for example. Evolution suggests a movement forward, to something better or more adapted - adapted for collectiv human life, in this case. A revolution can instill a fascist dictator as well as a dicatatorship of the proletariat.

Anyhow, having gone full circle from revolutionary to reformist back to revolutionary, I must say that a revolution for me only means a change so radical that the new system is not built on the same premise as the old. And in that sense a revolution (a global one) seems to be inevitable since capitalism has built in fallacys, and will eventually collapse under it's own weight. Endless accumulation of capital is just not a sustainable premise for a society or global system. Hopefully capitalism will have brought about enough of a buildup of civil society and social movement that the resources it has actually managed to generate (and it's very good at that) can then be used as a basis for some kind of ecosocialist libertarian society based on the premise of serving the good of all instead of making the rich richer, as is the case today.

So I am a revolutionary, then, but one that does not believe in the act of revolution, and I do believe that societal forms must progress not over night but over time, which is kind of what evolution is about.

I hope I didn't ramble, and this was my first post here.
 
 
Closed for Business Time
21:17 / 06.12.07
Evolution per definition is something that builds upon something that already exists, and improves it. Not sure if that is the fact with revolutions - in Iran, for example. Evolution suggests a movement forward, to something better or more adapted - adapted for collectiv human life, in this case.

Dude, you've got it perfectly backwards. Evolution in the most general sense is the longitudinal selection of random variations in the substratums of reproducing or reproducible entities whereby the internal structures of those entities are changed. Better has nothing to do with it. Revolutions are what people do who are trying to bring about a regime change in a given political, social, cultural or technical domain. Evolution changes things without any goal, so it has movement, but not towards anything in particular. Revolution is all about the goal, all about movement towards something specified.

Please guys, this should be common knowledge.
 
 
Closed for Business Time
21:19 / 06.12.07
Infinitus, I must say that your heart is probably in the right place. But do be more careful in your phrasing.
Thanks for sharing. Practice makes perfect!
 
 
infinitus
10:06 / 10.12.07
I have no idea what all those fancy words mean (because I didn't bother reading them), but my perception of evolution is still that the best adapted organisms survive to form new species, that whole survival of the fittest thing. In that sense it does indeed seem to be about taking the "best" parts of what exists and making something new and better adapted from it.

But I'm not a biologist.

And revolutionary does not necessarily mean "promoting a political uprising", but rather promoting a complete makeover of a society's structure.

There is definitely a problem in tearing down the old structure without having a new one to replace it with, and that is why I would say that the resources and know-how we gather from capitalism, together with the (hopefully) gained insights into why it promotes racism, classism and sexism (to name a few), we can build a new societal structure (like that new and improved organism) based on tidbits of the old (like those other organisms).

Sorry if my language or my phrasing is to lay-man-like for you people. I'm from the working classes after all. Classism is expressed often in defining what sort of language and what sorts of thinking is "right". And then patting the lower classes on the head, saying that they probably had good intentions.
 
 
petunia
10:27 / 10.12.07
"I don't know what you said, because I didn't read it, but I'm going to refute what I think you said..."

Good one!
 
 
Closed for Business Time
10:39 / 10.12.07
If ya want it simple...
You were confusing planned development with evolution. Evolution means... o fucksake can I be bothered? No I fucking cannot. Another victory for the "you're cheating by using words brigade".
 
 
Spaniel
11:12 / 10.12.07
You're not cheating, you're being classist.

Do you see!
 
 
Closed for Business Time
11:17 / 10.12.07
Yeah, I'm seeing I should leave this thread the fuck alone, and I'm sorry I ever started it.
 
 
Spaniel
12:24 / 10.12.07
Yeah, that's right, Mr Classist, run away!
 
 
Regrettable Juvenilia
12:34 / 10.12.07
Dusty, bedraggled, moth-eaten moderator hat on: there is some discussion here of the rights and wrongs of different people's approach to this thread. Can we please keep the content-free backslapping and "me too"-ing in this thread to a minimum?
 
 
infinitus
16:37 / 10.12.07
Yeah, ok, the classist thing was uncalled for. I got a bit pissed at people using academic language when speaking to laymen as I am when it comes to evolutionary biology.

And of course I did read the words, I just didn't bother to understand them. If Nolte had used clearer language maybe I would have. But I don't use the word longitudal very often, and nor is english my first language. There is some point in keeping a discussion on a level that includes rather than excludes people who are not necessarily on the same level as one self.
 
 
petunia
17:49 / 10.12.07
You are right, infinitus, in saying that we should be accomodating of people who do not speak English as ther first language, or who do not have as broad a vocabulary as others.

However, it makes sense that Nolte would speak using the language (or jargon, if you prefer) that relates to a specific field, in this case biology - we have specific languages so that we can convey a clear meaning and avoid misunderstanding.

This may lead to a situation where one is unable at first to comprehend what is being said, but if this sitation arises it's probably better to look the words up - or simply to ask for clarification - than to make claims of elitism/classism etc.

It's also worth bearing in mind (if only to ease the anger a little) that Nolte had no way of knowing whether or not you are a layman - had you known your shit on the subject of evolutionary biology, you could easily have thought he was being patronising if he had written a long explanation in simple terms.

His snark may have been better contained (as might mine), but I'm not sure he was in the wrong for using complex words/concepts. It's a bit dodgy to explicitly state that you just didn't bother to understand what was being said. Such an an approach tends to devalue discourse and leads threads down the drain. As I said, if you don't understand, ask. If you don't want to understand, don't engage.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
18:27 / 10.12.07
If you want to be repeatedly told off for assuming that evolution was being used in the political and social sense in which it had been used in every case in the thread so far, rather than magically intuiting that we were all going to talk about lungfish for a bit before getting back to talking about society, ask petunia.

Oy.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
18:59 / 10.12.07
So, trying to move on from this godawful farrago before you all uncover some new way of qualifying an apology - infinitus, Nolte and petunia appear to be have been saying much the same thing. To quote myself:

The funny thing about that thread is that, as far as one can tell, all three of you are basically espousing much the same kind of pinkish centrism - that the only way to create a more just society is to take small steps through capitalism and onwards. Infinitus is actually being more radical, assuming as he does that capitalism's basic inequalities will lead to its collapse, but he hopes that the good things generated by capitalism (wealth? technological progress? he posits "civil society and social movement", although I'm not sure I'd associate either with capitalism) will be sufficient to see us through into a new society of justice. This is almost exactly the same as your hope that once everyone is rich as a result of capitalism, they will become socialists.

That is, there is an evolutionary process that moves through capitalism, and when capitalism reaches the point at which it ceases to function - through there being no more capital to generate (infinitus) or through a sufficiency of wealth having been created (petunia), there will hopefully be enough accrued capital and social good (wealth or social mobility) a shift into another way of living - socialism or eco-anarchism, or similar.

Where I'm confused by this is the idea that capitalism is basically an evolutionary force for equality - that it builds up wealth (petunia) or civil society and social mobility (infinitus) which trend towards the ultimate creation of a more equal society, although (infinitus) capitalism has the down side that it engenders classism, sexism, racism and other undesirable isms. However, I see no immediately convincing pattern whereby capitalism operates as this engine of good. The process of capitalism does not appear to me to generate these goods, either intentionally or unintentionally. Capitalism, after all, functions independently of democracy and equality, although arguably the power of dictators to create command economies is inimical to capitalism and therefore to be resisted. It does create a middle class, but the existence of a middle class does not seem ineluctably to lead to socialism or eco-anarchy.

As a practical example - In shareholder capitalism, a company's board is obliged to generate the greatest possible value for its shareholders. It has no obligation to those who are not its shareholders (or its customers) except insofar as it can be compelled by the interests of its shareholders (usually by avoiding fines) to behave as if obliged to them. Therefore, shareholder capitalism means, for example, that if there is profit to be made for shareholders in a practice that hastens desertification, the company is obliged by the morality of share ownership to continue with that practice for as long as it is able to make it profitable, i.e. until government legislation or public relations render it ultimately detrimental to share value. As such, how does shareholder capitalism avoid the profitable disenfranchisement of those who are not a part of the process of share ownership - which is to say, the poor? There is a missing step in the evolutionary narrative here because of which I fear tripping.
 
 
Closed for Business Time
19:33 / 10.12.07
Ho-kay, so before the proverbials hit the fans again, can I just say that infinitus graciously accepted my apologies for misguidedly calling him on non-existent shenanigans and that ze in turn has regretted the classist thing and can we all just get over it.

Further to the seed of this regrettable affair, may I suggest that we continue to use the word evolution in this thread as per Haus' suggestions elsewhere and more importantly as we, yes we petunia, have used it in this thread; namely in the sense of gradual as opposed to abrupt change of social conditions, with or without a degree of planning or rationality. I say with or without because I think there's some mileage in a trying to discuss how goal-directed or planned change has to square off with the inherent randomness of the human condition, and how that might affect said plans. That possibility to my mind leaves open the door for an evolutionary sociology where the biological analogy can be carried over a lot more faithfully, and where institutions, groups etc can be analysed according to a selectionist model to complement any number of current models (conflict theory, social capital analysis, network analysis etc).

However, it seems that, at the moment, we're/I'm not at the stage where we have the necessary thought-power to do so. Maybe we should wait until after Christman, when we're all sure to be digusted with our fattened capitalist selves?

Also, Haus, since you hasn't got back to me re my request for you to copypaste your indictment of myself and petunia as pinkish centrists over in the Barbannoy, do you mind terribly if I do?
 
 
Closed for Business Time
19:34 / 10.12.07
X-post. Thanks Haus. Get back to ya in a minute or two.
 
 
Closed for Business Time
19:42 / 10.12.07
As such, how does shareholder capitalism avoid the profitable disenfranchisement of those who are not a part of the process of share ownership - which is to say, the poor?

I think I've seen you answer a very similar question before - ah, yes, interesting thread that one - by saying that they wouldn't, hence the need for an interventionist state, and some legal limits on the action space of shareholder corporations and indeed all market entities.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
20:02 / 10.12.07
Which is interesting, because it already means that we are trying to control the direction in which Capitalism falls - by entrusting some controls over it to people who do not doubt the virtues of capitalism, but who have a different set of stakeholders. Having said which, again, the imperative is to maximise value for these shareholders. So, to take the US federal government, it has an imperative to protect the interests of... whom, exactly? The citizens of the USA? The occupants of the world? The people who "bought a share" in the doominant party by voting or investing? Or the people who bought a share in the wealth of nation by employing citizens, paying corporation tax, and so on?

A regulated capitalist economy is all very well, but unless there is a substitution process where the regulation slowly overtakes the capitalism until there is no free market and the world's trade - and the world - is run by enlightened humanitarians - supreme soviets, sort of thing - I'm still struggling to see the process whereby capitalism is spun into socialism, or into anarchy.
 
 
infinitus
20:49 / 10.12.07
Just a clarification since i obviously didn't express myself clearly.

I don't believe there is anything inherently good in capitalism as a world-system or that it will bring about socialism in an "evolutionary" manner. I think that capitalism, as a whole, sucks really really bad. The premise of eternal accumulation of wealth is one that is not sustainable, and that's where I think capitalism will be it's own undoing. The tendencies of virtualisation of the economy and the increasing desperation to accumulate capital by trading in risks, stocks, currencies - instead of the traditional ways of creating value through labour, are in my opinion signs of the increased instability of the system and it's imminent collapse. So may the rising degrees of injust relations between people and people because of class, etnicity, skincolor, gender or what have you that serves to justify the injustice of the capitalistic world-system and to internalise these justifications in the people.

Now, what I do think is that when the collapse comes, there will be a few leftovers that capitalism caused that may help in building a better system, namely the technological advances driven by competition, the resources built up, and the (hopefully) strong movement that has been resisting capitalism and it's effects for so long, like the social movements and civil society collectively known as the "Global Citizens Movement" or some variation of that.

On the other hand, the risk is pretty great that it will not be "us" who decide what will come after the great collapse, but "them", and then the shit will really hit the fan. Then who knows what will happen? Total barbarization? Fortress world enclaves of rich white men living of the resources of the starving billions outside? An end to the state-system and to international law, and the eternal and uncontrolled reign of the corporation?

So as I may have said previously, I think the current system is a very very bad one, and that it is in fact so bad that it will be impossible to sustain. I just hope (and here I get back to what the thread was originally about) that those of us who have actively been resisting capitalism will have something else ready when the time comes. Say socialism, or communalism, or some variation of libertarian communism, or what have you, but a system based not on eternal competition but on cooperation and mutual good.

So yeah, we should focus on construction, not destruction, in our revolutionary ambitions.
 
 
petunia
20:51 / 10.12.07
I'm not sure that I've told anybody off. I am sure that I've not denied that I used 'evolution' in the sense I used it, or said that this sense is 'bad'. I'm not sure how I've given either impression, but I apologise that I have.

On with the thread:

My position - the rather wishy-washy ideal of moving through Capitalism etc to get to Anarchism - is not based on the idea that capitalism is basically an evolutionary force for equality. I think it's been pretty well proven that Capitalism can be a wholly shitty affair.

I'm perhaps not best served in my own usage of the evolutionary metaphor - I see human progress as based on choice rather than determinist routes - and I'd like to stress that I don't see Capitalism as having a necessary route to follow.

Which is to say, I believe Capitalism can be manipulated and used in beneficial ways, specifically as a catalyst for wealth and technological development which will enable conditions for a stable socialism.

However, as I have said elsewhere, I don't have much learning in the theory involved, so I'm off to read the thread Nolte linked...

[X-post, again]
 
  
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