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Mark Twain's Rules of Writing

 
 
matthew.
13:30 / 12.01.06
Inspired by a poster who shall not be named, I thought I'd post this and see what people have to say. (If you've written anything more than one short story, these rules should be common-sense. One only has to actually notice a story to figure these rules out)

Mark Twain’s Rules of Writing
(Freely adapted from his essay on the Literary Offenses of James Fenimore Cooper)

1) A story shall accomplish something and arrive somewhere.

2) The parts of a story shall be necessary parts of the story and shall help develop it.

3) The people in the story (characters) shall be alive, except in the case of the corpses, and the reader should be able to tell the corpses from the others.

4) The people in the story, both dead and alive, shall show a sufficient excuse for being there.

5) The talk in a story (dialogue) shall sound like human talk, should be talk such as a human being would be likely to talk in the given circumstances, should be interesting to the reader, should help out the tale, and should stop when the people cannot think of anything more to say.

6) When the author describes a character in his story, the conduct and conversation of that person shall justify the description.

7) The author and characters shall confine themselves to possibilities and let miracles alone – or, if they must venture a miracle, the author must make it look possible and reasonable.

8) The author should make the reader feel a deep interest in the characters of the story. The characters should be real enough that the reader will love the good ones, hate the bad ones, and care what happens to all of them.

9) The characters shall be so clearly defined that the reader can tell beforehand what each will do in a given emergency.


In addition to these large rules, there are some little ones:

The author shall . . . .

10) SAY what he wants to say, not merely come near it.

11) Use the right word, not its second cousin.

12) Avoid a surplus of words.

13) Eschew obfuscation.

14) NOT leave out necessary details.

15) Avoid laziness in writing style.

16) Use good grammar.

17) Employ a simple and straightforward style.
 
 
autran
16:00 / 12.01.06
Elmore Leonard also has some.
 
 
grant
17:37 / 12.01.06
I love 7(b). That's like my vocation.
 
 
Baobab Branches and Plastic
10:49 / 20.02.06
Interesting to think about whether 'rules' of writing mean anything. I always find I read these rules in the same way that I check out who makes the best/worst dressed list in the glossies i.e. its interesting to see how other people see things, but not necessarily representative of my own point of view.

In any its nice to like about these things with regard to your own stuff.

I usually stick to the simple old favourite: Be interesting, if you like the story others might too.

Stephen King suggested that you write like Balzac and edit like, well, him (or James Elroy or some other terse/exact/non-prolix writer).

Here's a little thing i wrote for blowback mag last year on writing poetry:

Points on your poetic license.



Seems like everyone these days has a guilty secret. What diarising was to last year’s creative yearnings, poetry has replaced this winter. What has led many seemingly sane individuals to express themselves in the short form? Why have scriptwriters, musicians, and other apparent creatives been drawn to poetry’s accessibility, familiarity, and relative ease along with the rest of us? While there isn’t a general answer as to why, there seems to be a general style to the poetry being written.



Lets face it many people see poetry as the slut of the arts, the eyeful of starlit grease pouring from the blank face of many a suburbanite (did I mention it’s also addictive?), and within the mythology of unrequited and unlaboured talent why shouldn’t your hastily scribbled tear soaked napkin be a masterpiece? Because according to the poetry experts, exemplified by America’s Joseph Salemi and UK’s own Don Paterson, there is a 99.9% chance that its meritous weight is simply drivel soaked in two ply and what’s more Poetry’s dying. But should we really see this recent upsurge in poetic activity as the last gasp of an art form calling in its close relatives to divide the estate and if so what makes you worthy of the incontinent cat let alone the nice china?



Salemi argues that basically modern poetry is doomed because of the dominance of particular style of poetry; the confessional lyric styled in portentous hush. What’s that? Portentous Hush is an atmosphere that poses before the reader as Something Of Great Importance, with capital letters. It doesn’t matter what the poem is about, the real subject of a poem is the celebration of its own heightened but myopic sensitivity. Worse still, the oracular tone of the ‘poet priest prevailing’ makes the subject ridiculous even when describing something as truly mystic as the number 12 Bus to Tremorfa.



These criticisms of contemporary poetry while valid can be recognised as outpourings from the establishment. The paradox is that while both these experts rail against this efflorescence of meaningless poetry and see themselves as keepers of the flame, they are arguing against a popular revolution and in the end surely more writers of poetry means more readers of poetry. The variety that both Salemi and Paterson argue is lacking from contemporary poetry is their strongest claim and who wouldn’t agree with their assertion that poetry from the unimaginative ‘I’ perspective is a bad thing especially that which drones on with semi-ecclesiastical anaemia? Putting aside the grandstanding (which they both playfully recognise is their right, virtue, and preference) if you’re thinking writing poetry for pleasure or gain (ha) consider this.



There are many guidelines for writing poetry, TS Eliot that great figure of English literature who is at least in part to blame for the ‘sensitive’ emotive excretia beleaguering poetry at present, once said that poetry should be observation, whether of human character or of natural trait, the mind of the poet should channel but not garnish the immediate nature of life. The Beats, and Kerouac in particular took this further arguing that, the first unconstructed thought should never be changed. Just as the human mind unreflexively understands the basis, practice, and structure of grammar, often far better than the individual can verbalise it, so too can it read and perceive the nature of the world far better, unconsciously, than when someone sits for hours contemplating the right rhyme for awake. Salemi points to eight basic rules that he thinks may elevate your poetry (Paterson being the economical Scot that he is simply says – don’t and if you must don’t tell anyone):



1. Don’t use ‘I’

2. Speak clearly using words you know

3. Don’t write directly about emotion, be imaginative.

4. No therapy poems

5. No poems about the ‘wonder’ of nature or your grandchildren

6. No pulpit tones

7. Write as much satirical, erotic and comic verse, and make sure that it is highly offensive to somebody.

8. Remember your primary audience is yourself. Would you honestly like to read your own work?



Paterson with impassioned dourness asks that when writing poetry that you consider this point that writing is the one dependable form of telepathy, poems are devices for ideas to be remembered. If, as William S Burroughs wrote, language is a virus, then poetry should be both the carrier and the symptom. The structure of the poem dictates the manner of understanding. Rhyme, metre, and all other poetic conventions are merely tools of remembrance and to be memorable is the only obeisance that should be made to poetry. In the end it’s your voice that should be heard, but remember it’s crowded out there.



Kailas Elmer. Copyright. 2004



Bib:

‘The Dark Art of Poetry’ by Don Paterson , T.S. Eliot Lecture 2004

http://www.poetrylibrary.org.uk/news/poetryscene/?id=20



‘Why Poetry is Dying’ by Joseph S. Salemi
http://www.n2hos.com/acm/cult122001.html



Copyright Kailas Elmer 2005. Published Blowback 2005. Used in Bristol Uni. Post Grad Masters Course
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
11:37 / 20.02.06
Jesus.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
11:42 / 20.02.06
Sorry. Kind of flipped out there for a second, and the truck kind of flipped out with me.

However, a promising rule has fortuitously occurred to me. When you write a statement, especially if it is prefaced by "everybody knows", "it is clear that", "it is a truth universally recognised" or any variant of the above, it is well to stop and ask oneself, as one might a dear friend on the very window-ledge of folly, "Is it? Is it really?" Thus might be avoided much that is evil.
 
 
Baobab Branches and Plastic
12:59 / 20.02.06
Indeed,

Defending the logic of madness is always good for a laugh, as it is clear that everybody knows madness is universal.

K
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
13:12 / 20.02.06
Defending the logic of madness is always good for a laugh, as it is clear that everybody knows madness is universal.

Is it, though? Is it really?
 
 
Baobab Branches and Plastic
13:19 / 20.02.06
Well it has been said that 'only mad people deny their own madness' which means that madness is universal 'cos if you asked everyone in the world if they wuz mad they'd say yes... unless they were mad. In which case you'd know they were mad. Now if they were pretty tricky and said that 'I'm mad but she/he's not' then you might be stuck... but you'd just have to rephrase this whole paragraph as:

It is clear that everybody knows 'only mad people....
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
13:50 / 20.02.06
Well it has been said that 'only mad people deny their own madness' which means that madness is universal

Does it, though? Does it really?
 
 
Saltation
16:13 / 20.02.06
Haus, you're mad.
 
 
Jack Fear
16:16 / 20.02.06
it has been said...

Ah, what a shapely argument. Perfectly circular, in fact.
 
 
All Acting Regiment
19:15 / 20.02.06
What’s that? Portentous Hush is an atmosphere that poses before the reader as Something Of Great Importance, with capital letters. It doesn’t matter what the poem is about, the real subject of a poem is the celebration of its own heightened but myopic sensitivity. Worse still, the oracular tone of the ‘poet priest prevailing’ makes the subject ridiculous even when describing something as truly mystic as the number 12 Bus to Tremorfa.

So how are poets supposed to present their work then? Sidle up to the mic and mutter "Uh, yeah, apples and pears, stairs, uh" and walk off? If they don't at some level value what they've got to say, what's the point in them saying it?

Poetry's a performance. Surely the "portentousness" is a measure of the quality of that performance, something that grows organic?
 
 
Alex's Grandma
02:43 / 21.02.06
Well I think it's really good that Julie Burchill has finally made it onto Barbelith (Perhaps ze read about it in The Times...)

Stop being mean to hir, guys - you're just jealous.
 
 
Baobab Branches and Plastic
09:37 / 21.02.06
l/e/g/

I think there are more than a few ways to perform poetry, using the hush of maximum portent is just one... and definately overused. Not all poetry is the same, and not all poetry has to be read the same way.

I think I've heard too much of the 'dark miasma of my rainy soul, your taunted barbs rip my flesh, your voice haunts me from the classroom, will he never know, i wish i was his soggy football' sort of poetry which is all read in that heavy intoned manner... it gets a bit much (even if it is pretty funny)
 
 
matthew.
12:46 / 21.02.06
dark miasma of my rainy soul, your taunted barbs rip my flesh

How did you get ahold of my journal?
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
12:51 / 21.02.06
Dammit, I friendslocked that LJ post! Who's been copying and pasting? Why, it's enough to send the serried hordes of tartarus screaming from th'infernal den...
 
 
Loomis
12:53 / 21.02.06
This may be a bit offtopic, but am I the only one who thinks Don Paterson is rubbish? Should he really be giving advice on how to write poetry?
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
13:01 / 21.02.06
I think Don Paterson at his best is very good, but he's not a very good critic. In particular, he has a fixation on postmodernism which appears to hinge on a rather inflexible and somewhat idiosyncratic idea of postmodernism.
 
 
matthew.
15:45 / 21.02.06
fixation on postmodernism

Which Freudian stage of development is that?
 
 
Baobab Branches and Plastic
07:33 / 22.02.06
Ah... I dunno Don Paterson's work is O.K. but I haven't read any of his criticism of other peoples work. So I can't comment. I think what he manages to do I sit on the fence between people like Billy Childish (Who i quite like) and the mainstream T.S.Eliot award club sort of people... so perhaps a little Kudos for that, but its not the shiny Kudos but rather the begrudging Kudos that was given to me by a drunk liberal but racist uncle some christmases ago which i never quite got around to using myself. Frankly it didn't fit and the colour was... anyway I digress
 
 
Baobab Branches and Plastic
11:47 / 22.02.06
....Don Paterson... In particular, he has a fixation on postmodernism which appears to hinge on a rather inflexible and somewhat idiosyncratic idea of postmodernism.

ahh champagne postmodernism.

But isn't inflexibilty fundamental to having an 'ism' in the first place, otherwise you'd have a non-centered set of beliefs/non-beliefs that couldn't be ascribed to any particular POV.

Which I suppose might be considered POMO but only in the loosest sense.

Unless this horribly offtopic:
Please clarify how Patersons postmodernism is inflexible and idiosyncratic and better yet how this is evident in his critique.

I'm not attacking here but rather am genuinely curious, also an example might be nice.
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
14:39 / 22.02.06
But isn't inflexibilty fundamental to having an 'ism' in the first place

But is it? Really, is it?

The best way to explain Paterson's view of this is probably to recommend Paterson's own poem, "postmodernism", which I believe is collected in "God's Gift to Women".
 
 
ONLY NICE THINGS
14:54 / 22.02.06
Oh, and his TS Eliot lecture from about two years back. He doesn't like it at all, but the grounds on which he likes it seem to pigeonhole a specific idea of PM and represent it as the whole.
 
 
All Acting Regiment
17:58 / 22.02.06
I think there are more than a few ways to perform poetry, using the hush of maximum portent is just one... and definately overused. Not all poetry is the same, and not all poetry has to be read the same way.


Kailash, I think you may be confusing the performance space and setting of the poetry with the content of the poems- namely, assuming that an audience sitting quietly and focusing on the poet has to go hand in hand with the self-important style of...T.S. Eliot?

Well, perhaps T.S. Eliot isn't as simply self-centred as one might think. He actually described Prufrock as a character, a persona. Because Eliot=self-centred is a little problematic, we'll replace "Eliot" in this argument with "bad teenage poetry" (which people of any age can write) which is usually self-centred and egotistical (and unaware of this).

Now I don't think the two- the hushed arena and the bad poetry- have to go together at all. The last poetry reading I went to had good poems about relationships, the Iraq war, the closure of the Welsh coal mines, growing up as a black girl and thinking your hair was ugly because it wasn't straight- and everyone sat quietly and focused on the poets.

So, what other ways are there of presenting poetry to the audience, apart form books and the kind of performance we're talking about here?
 
 
Baobab Branches and Plastic
19:57 / 22.02.06
L/e/g/

Kailash, I think you may be confusing the performance space and setting of the poetry with the content of the poems- namely, assuming that an audience sitting quietly and focusing on the poet has to go hand in hand with the self-important style of...T.S. Eliot?,
...

I don't think I gave the impression that there is one way to read or receive poetry. I was bemoaning the sameyness of a lot of mod poetry i read and hear and asking people to put individual voice into ALL aspects of the poem. You can be earnest without having to sound earnest, let the poem speak for itself and working to get diverse reactions to your work is great - for everybody.

Now I don't think the two- the hushed arena and the bad poetry- have to go together at all.
Neither do I, I love it when people laugh and point and then laugh some more. But I was talking about the tone in which people read the poem rather than the audience reaction.

re: Eliot=self centered
'There are many guidelines for writing poetry, TS Eliot that great figure of English literature who is at least in part to blame for the ‘sensitive’ emotive excretia beleaguering poetry at present, once said that poetry should be observation, whether of human character or of natural trait, the mind of the poet should channel but not garnish the immediate nature of life.'

Ahem
heaven forbid i would (directly) call him self-centred! I mean his poetry is largely observational... did he ever write 'I' meaning himself? I concede that in the article it was a bit glib of me to assert his fault in 'sensitive emotive excretia beleaguering poetry at present' - other than i generally don't like the type of poetry favoured by the judges of the award named after him! Also that he reinvograted poetry and the repercussions of his follows are still felt but with someone like Eliot people pick up what they like and emphasise it per force in their own work. So he's to blame only really in being popular - but really i was (clumsily) trying to stitch a couple of points together.

Now I don't think the two- the hushed arena and the bad poetry- have to go together at all. The last poetry reading I went to had good poems about relationships, the Iraq war, the closure of the Welsh coal mines, growing up as a black girl and thinking your hair was ugly because it wasn't straight- and everyone sat quietly and focused on the poets.

If it's appropriate fine... but all i'm saying is that people should push the boundaries of performance and what it is to be audience participant. Not at every juncture (cos i hate people that talk in the theatre as much as everyone else) but why not work to create different poetic space (actual and linguistic) where difference is probed!

*and the award for most outrageously liberal diatribe goes to... me!*
 
 
Baobab Branches and Plastic
20:02 / 22.02.06
So, what other ways are there of presenting poetry to the audience, apart form books and the kind of performance we're talking about here?

wow I've seen loads...

Unspoken:
traci emin's work 'people like you, want to, fuck, people like me' in neon, and other art varieties on that theme.

Projections.

Writing on animals and letting the words 'interact' with each other.

Spoken:
Shouted, deadpan, every sort of performance tool in the actors arsenal, sung... i mean jeepers its huge! Pinteresque silences, accents, two people reading at the same time... the list goes on and on
 
  
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