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Hexagram 61 of the I Ching is Chung Fu, Inner Sincerity. Many translations go with Inner Truth. In Zen there is also Shi Sei, which in Japanese means "sincerity," "devotion," "wholeheartedness." The first character shi means "to arrive," in this case with the connotation of "aspire to." The second character sei can also be read as makoto, "the real thing."
Along with Hexagram 15, Humility, this is one of the most important cornerstones of much of Eastern philosophy and practice, including relatively opposite schools like Taoism and Confucianism. I'd like to explore the meaning of it.
At it's heart, I think it is probably the most difficult and insurmountable problem in practical application of any teaching, but particularly in the no-mind teachings of say, Taoism and Buddhism, or Advaita. The reason for this, of course, is that the ego, the separate self, is incredibly insincere. I would imagine all of us have had the experience of knowing exactly what we should be doing, what is required, what is the correct action, but wilfully going against it because it is what 'we' really want to do...a top of the ehad example would be that classic supplication to the fates - spinning a coin. And then refusing to accept the outcome and going against the result or heading for best of three/five/whatever is required to get the result 'you' wanted in the first place - which is often the antithesis of what you should really be doing, hence the intention to flip a coin in the first place...It is easy to rcall situations in which the inner voice says 'no' and the ego insists on 'yes', or the inner voice advises 'enough' and our will recklessly plunges ahead with 'more'.
Sincerity is the hardest thing in the world. Sincerity requires the admission that there is no time at all...the insincere have all the time in creation to bring about whatever they intend, have ample time to achieve a goal begin a project, finish a project, whatever...the sincere have no time at all, are completely out of time (in every possible interpretationof that phrase). It should be, and really 'is', very easy, requiring nothing more than the innate functional nature to listen to one's being/body/instinct and follow it without trying - step out of the way. But actually, this turns out to require enormous disciplne and, yes, courage.
This notion lies at the heart of practically every spiritual teaching. If I may:
Sincerity is the single virtue that binds divinity and man in one - Shinto. Jingishoju
It matters not whether you do much or little, so long as your heart is directed to Heaven. - Judaism. Talmud, Berakot 17a
A man becomes pure through sincerity of intellect; thereupon, in meditation, he beholds Him who is without parts. - Hinduism. Mundaka Upanishad 3.1.8
Sincerity (ihsan): You should worship God as if you saw Him; for although you do not see Him, He sees you. - Islam. Forty Hadith of an-Nawawi 2
Through the best righteousness,
Through the highest righteousness,
May we catch sight of Thee,
May we approach Thee,
May we be in perfect friendship with Thee. -
Zoroastrianism. Yasna 60.21
No matter how dark, the hand always knows the way to the mouth. - African Traditional Religions. Idoma Proverb (Nigeria)
Mind is the forerunner of all evil states. Mind is chief; mind-made are they. If one speaks or acts with wicked mind, because of that suffering follows one, even as the wheel [of the cart] follows the hoof of the draught ox.
Mind is the forerunner of all good states. Mind is chief; mind-made are they. If one speaks or acts with pure mind, because of that happiness follows one, even as one's shadow that never leaves. - Buddhism. Dhammapada 1-2
What a man thinks, that he is: this is an old
secret...When a man, having freed his mind from sloth, distraction, and vacillation, becomes as it were delivered from his mind, that is the highest point. - Hinduism. Maitri Upanishad 6.34.3-7
You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might. -
Judaism and Christianity. Deuteronomy 6.5
OK, we get the point...
The I Ching itself contains extra layers of meaning, including symapthy / forgiving heart...The image is that of firm strong lines hiding yielding yang lines - of a rigid exterior containing a forgiving heart, thus a judge (apparent firmness) protracting discussion due to a forgiving heart and thus "..delay[ing] executions". This perhaps has some parallels with Christian ideals also...
The mutual Gua for Inner Sincerity is Hexagram 27, Ji, Nourishing...Nourishment of the body and mind with that which actually provides nourishment, not distraction, not sensation, not debased and nihilistic pleasures, but actual food, for the mind, body and soul, to coin a phrase ('coin', do you see what I did there? ;-)). The hexagram itself indicates the mouth. The topmost line of this hexagram is correct in its position, and implies 'it will be advantageous to cross the great stream' - the task is hard and the responsibility great; but realising these things, one will prove oneself equal to them...which realtes very directly to Sincerity, 61.
I think I'm rambling a bit, but would be intersted to hear of any practice or system for cultivation of sincerity...I mean, at it's base, it simply means following the clear and natural path of what your body wants, nourishing, nourishing. But this can be the hardest thing, eh? Many distractions. |
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