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Rebuilding Iraq won't destroy it even more?

 
 
The Jungle Keeper's Old Smoky Pipe, Haunted by The Black Dog Spirit
23:00 / 03.04.03
Ok, they have destroyed Iraq already... Even some of the most important archeological sites and ancient buildings of the western civilization home land were turned to ashes (and some probably will be sold as souvenir, as they did to the Berlin Wall).

It's kinda obvious that american and european architects will be in charge to rebuild such a economical important region, where oil is cheaper than water, so here this question comes up:

Based on what they will rebuild (sometimes i think 'build' should be more apropriate) that country? Will they keep the cultural strong arabic architecture, or they wil make like in the after WW2 Japan, when the US simply buldozed everything?
 
 
netbanshee
01:45 / 04.04.03
I'd venture to say that since the money is already allocated around the rebuild of commerce in post-war Iraq (read oil and government structure), very little attention will be paid to it's citizens, let alone the needs for cultural centers, etc. Seems that food and supplies are considered enough. I'd be curious to see if there's any push in developing Afghanistan in this way since it is in more of a rebuilding stage after the major part of the conflict in finished there. I do have doubts.

Now that said, it does open an opportunity to consider who and what would be used in rebuilding. I wonder if any major international architects or firms are considering any options in these countries. Would be a nice way to give back to the people who have suffered so much. Are there any modern religious centers anywhere in the rest of the world that could be drawn upon for inspiration?

In a way this also makes me reflect on the plans for developing ground zero and the probable disparity between what options are available to the people of America vs. those of the third world. Granted these are different situations, but the bottom line is similar.
 
 
Our Lady of The Two Towers
09:36 / 07.04.03
I thought I heard they were going to build new Buddha statues in Afghanistan, I take it these are not part of the official rebuilding effort?
 
 
Linus Dunce
18:40 / 07.04.03
Western firms are already heavily involved in construction projects of the region and have been for some years. Architects worldwide of the last three decades have drawn upon local traditions for the form and decoration of their work, in the "Middle East" as much as anywhere else.

So why would they stop now? Even we don't build monolithic tower blocks for ourselves to live in anymore.
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
20:42 / 07.04.03
Uh, we don't?

Wow. A new style - desert-practical, enviro-buildings for Iraq. Post-fascist, democratic spaces designed to provide access and refuge... I see echoes of old forts, woven with solar panels and connectivity; libraries and long, cool corridors, heat exchangers and communal spaces for a new Iraqi ummah...

That would almost be worth it.

Architecture as rememberance and celebration, birthing a new Iraq.

If only.
 
 
fluid_state
03:04 / 08.04.03
Yes, you'll barely be able to recognize the new McDonalds Baghdad, it'll be just that pretty.
 
 
Saveloy
09:02 / 08.04.03
"Even some of the most important archeological sites and ancient buildings of the western civilization home land were turned to ashes"

Blimey, which ones?
 
 
The Jungle Keeper's Old Smoky Pipe, Haunted by The Black Dog Spirit
12:04 / 08.04.03
Do you know the Iraq "no-fly zone"?

It's in Mosul, a region known by its archeological sites. There's the city of Hatra, which was a large fortified city under the influence of the Parthian Empire and capital of the first Arab Kingdom.

There you still find temples where Hellenistic and Roman architecture blend with Eastern decorative features, and many ancient christian monasteries as well. Is a region populated by shepards, both muslin and christian, coexisting peacefully for ceturies.

They all have been in the "bombing-whatever-we-find" zone.
 
 
Kit-Cat Club
17:56 / 08.04.03
Did anyone else see a programme about Iraq's architechtural sites? It was one a couple of months ago, the presenter was eerily reminiscent of Haus (I seem to be saying that a lot lately, perhaps he's catching...). Dan Cruickshanks? Something like that at any rate.

The point being, that the programme showed that not only is Saddam Hussein merrily rebuilding Babylon (and inserting his own name on the wall in Nebuchadnezzar-style plaques - that's not what they're called but I forget the proper term - oh the hubris. I wonder if anyone ever said 'oh the hubris' about Nebuchadnezzar?) and in doing so destroying much of its value as an architectural site - not to mention its character; not only this, but he has used/is using some of the sites as military bases. So... danger from all sides for Mesopotamian remains...
 
 
Linus Dunce
18:51 / 08.04.03
Uh, we don't?
Wow. A new style - desert-practical, enviro-buildings for Iraq. Post-fascist, democratic spaces designed to provide access and refuge... I see echoes of old forts, woven with solar panels and connectivity; libraries and long, cool corridors, heat exchangers and communal spaces for a new Iraqi ummah...


So, let me get this straight ... you're saying we in the west are still building tower blocks. And you're saying that, for Iran, something reminiscient of old forts could be, er, a new democratic style.

You do know what forts were for, don't you? And you do realise there is more to Persian architecture than the stuff you see in story books?

And, you write, it must have lots of right-on sustainability, even though the only thing they have right now to pay for food is their oil?
 
 
Saveloy
10:26 / 09.04.03
[apologies for the threadrotting pedantry]

Jungle Keeper's Pipe:

"There you still find temples where Hellenistic and Roman architecture blend with Eastern decorative features, and many ancient christian monasteries as well. Is a region populated by shepards, both muslin and christian, coexisting peacefully for ceturies.

They all have been in the "bombing-whatever-we-find" zone."


Sorry for pushing this, but are you saying that those sites have actually been bombed and turned to ashes, or that they might have been?


Kit-Cat Club:

"Did anyone else see a programme about Iraq's architechtural sites? It was one a couple of months ago, the presenter was eerily reminiscent of Haus (I seem to be saying that a lot lately, perhaps he's catching...). Dan Cruickshanks? "

I only ever see the last 10 minutes of any given programme these days, and that was one of them. Yes, it was the lovely Dan Cruikshank. Did he say that Hussain had actually installed military bases within historically important sites? In the bit I saw he said that there was one 'next door' to the place he was looking at at the time, but as I say I only saw the last 10 minutes.
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
12:14 / 09.04.03
Ignatius_J: So, let me get this straight ... you're saying we in the west are still building tower blocks.

Yes. I mean, you can piss about with what a 'tower block' is, but large-scale group habitations and offices built roughly on a shoebox plan do still seem to be being built.

Ignatius_J: And you're saying that, for Iran, something reminiscient of old forts could be, er, a new democratic style.

Iran is the country next door. And yes, I see no fatal objection to constructing compact, self-sufficient, localised human habitations in Iraq. The fact that one model for those habitations is old colonial forts doesn't mean it has to be a bad thing.

Ignatius_J: You do know what forts were for, don't you?

Astonishingly, yes. I wasn't suggesting the replication of colonial buildings, or of colonialism.

Ignatius_J: And you do realise there is more to Persian architecture than the stuff you see in story books?

I think you missed a chance to display some uneccessary rudeness there. Oh, wait, no. You nailed it.

Ignatius_J: And, you write, it must have lots of right-on sustainability, even though the only thing they have right now to pay for food is their oil?

First up, I'm not dictating, I'm dreaming - but there are advantages to sustainable power sources which have nothing to do with environment. Solar power and wind power on a local level provide energy which doesn't come from a national grid, giving a greater degree of local autonomy - meaning you can't be held ransom by a regime. High connectivity, preferably by satellite uplink, means you aren't dependent on centralised information, and so on.

Second, no one's asking them to pay for all this - Iraq is about to receive a lot of aid, but in any case it has between 10% and 30% of the world's oil. It's not a pauper state. It's also possible that sustainables are cheaper and more appropriate to the situation, as I've mentioned above, and further, since the supply of oil is finite and some petrogeologists believe we may already have reached maximum global oil production, we need to start thinking about alternative technologies. There's no special reason why the leaders in that field have to be Western - we're slow on the uptake. What's wrong with preparing Iraq for the future rather than digging them another hole for half a century down the road?

Finally, I was offering up a quick, positive notion of one way of living in or building a new Iraq - one which would allow a de-centralised, sustainable future. I didn't rule out oil production and I wasn't suggestion colonialism - in fact I was building it in my head around ways of defeating totalitarian power hierarchies and using natural advantages to generate a self-sufficient and capable society in a country which has just been gutted. There's absolutely no point in having discussions about this without contact with the Iraqis themselves in each specific instance, but I was just mooting an approach.

And you got your big boots on and stomped it because... well, why did you?
 
 
Linus Dunce
23:44 / 09.04.03
And you got your big boots on and stomped it because... well, why did you?

Well, it seemed to me that we were jumping the gun a bit. You stated that western architects take no account of local architecture. Read Jencks, Frampton etc. And check out the stuff already in the Middle East built, by request of middle easterners, by western companies. And check out the buildings around you. Well, those built in the last thirty years. OK, offices tend to retain the Modernist style -- but it is possible that is what office buildings need to look like to be recognised as office buildings. Who says Iraqis don't want their office buildings the same? As for brutalist houses, oppressive churches and barren malls (on the inside where the people are) built anywhere recently, show me.

Shoe-boxes -- well, most walls tend to be at right-angles to their friends, so I guess most buildings have a floorplan resembling a shoebox. Even in Ira(q/n) (... UK, USSR, Japan, Ancient Greece, Solomon's Temple ...). It's what you stick on the shoebox in the way of roof etc. that makes it local.

And forts aren't colonial if the locals have built them. Which they did (shock, horror). I just can't see how building militarist, pseudo-conservationist (you can not generate electricity with a solar panel woven out of hemp -- you need industrially-produced metals and other chemicals) piles will help anyone right now.

I stomped it because you were letting your hate of the "yankee war" get in the way of your considered, researched judgement. No offence meant.
 
 
Kit-Cat Club
09:27 / 10.04.03
Saveloy - I think you saw the bit I was thinking of, and yes, you're right, he said that there was a military installation near [whichever site it was, I'm ashamed that even now I can't remember what it was called] but not actually in the site itself. But I would imagine that if there was any possibility that a site was being used to conceal military stuff (which you might assume if there was some nearby), that site would be attacked along with any visible installations.

Certainly I don't think that putting military bases near ancient cities is any way to preserve them...
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
10:00 / 10.04.03
Ignatius_J: Well, it seemed to me that we were jumping the gun a bit.

'We'?

Ignatius_J: You stated that western architects take no account of local architecture.

I said nothing of the kind.

Ignatius_J: Who says Iraqis don't want their office buildings the same? As for brutalist houses, oppressive churches and barren malls (on the inside where the people are) built anywhere recently, show me.

I didn't say anything about brutalism, oppressive churches, or barren malls. The discussion was 'tower blocks'. However, the notion that building lush interiors for malls somehow makes them natural and homely is idiotic. A few potted plants and a waterfeature do not make a livable space. In fact, I'm not convinced that a mall per se can ever be a positive environment for living - its function is commerce, not society, and though the two are not mutually exclusive, commerce as it is arranged at the moment does not acknowledge the need for balance. As for 'show me', I don't know where you are, but I'm sure you're capable of noticing oblong buildings with more than six floors and regimented windows. Do your own homework.

Ignatius_J: I just can't see how building militarist, pseudo-conservationist (you can not generate electricity with a solar panel woven out of hemp -- you need industrially-produced metals and other chemicals) piles will help anyone right now.

Will you stop hanging on to this 'militarist' idea because I mentioned forts? The whole region, way back before colonialism, has a traditional of fortified towns. It was an image, and a throwaway at that. If you don't like it, fine - although there might be some psychological benefit in having a hometown which feels secure in the aftermath of twentyfive years of Saddam Hussein and two US-led invasions. It's also possible, of course, that that effect would be negative and isolationist. It was an idea, not a commandment.

As to 'pseudo-conservationist', must I repeat that I was not proposing this as a conservation measure? That this was primarily about decentralised energy, entailing freedom from government at a practical level? And yes, I know, solar panels are hi-tech, so perhaps wind power might be better - though it's not all that difficult to imagine that solar might be imported or that an indigenous industry is possible. Iraqis are not incapable, they just haven't had a lot of breaks.

And what does 'right now' mean? 'Right now' they need a police force and food and water. They need medicine and healing and peace - but this is a forum about design and a thread about Rebuilding. There's no point discussing 'right now' because architecture of any kind is not what they need immediately. But later - in six months, maybe more, Iraqi society will need a place to exist in, and it will need spaces of its own. And those spaces will be definitive. If they're constructed thoughtlessly, or without regard for the local identity, they will create problems. On the other hand, a little imagination brought to bear could offer possibilities for new ways of living neither despotic nor quasi-Western. Muslim societies have a tradition of scholarship and debate - every Muslim is duty-bound to serve the Ummah; society is a religious obligation; hence my specification for communal spaces. I was blue-sky dreaming, but I wasn't doing so trivially or without a bit of practical thinking.

Ignatius_J: I stomped it because you were letting your hate of the "yankee war" get in the way of your considered, researched judgement. No offence meant.

I didn't let my opposition to the war cloud my judgement, I let my imagination play a little with a few basic shapes. You came down hard on something you still either refuse to engage with (hence your insistence on 'pseudo-conservationism') or simply can't get your head round. And you were very rude about it. So 'no offence meant' is a pathetic response. You want to avoid giving offence? Look at the idea. It wasn't and isn't supposed to be perfect, but if you're seriously thinking about this, and you ignore the factors I'm proposing, anything you come up with is going to be fatuous and ill-fitted to the task. What's the use of providing short-term shelter (which Iraqis obviously need, but which isn't all that much in the way of design) and then doing nothing in the direction of a new society? Nation Building (which we have spectacularly failed in elsewhere) is a long, hard, involved effort. At the end of it, they need something which will work in the long term, socially, economically, internationally, sustainably - otherwise we're going to be back in there doing the whole thing again. We cannot afford to bequeath our mistakes to them.

Think, for God's sake.
 
 
Saveloy
11:15 / 10.04.03
Kit-Cat Club:

"Certainly I don't think that putting military bases near ancient cities is any way to preserve them..."

Heh heh, no, definitely not. But putting one inside would probably - depending on the physical nature of the installation - constitute damage already done. I don't suppose you can install barracks, missile silos etc and be sensitive to the site.

Just curious to know what damage has already been done, really, which is why I was asking The Jungle Keeper's Old Smoky Pipe for specifics.
 
 
Linus Dunce
18:06 / 10.04.03
In fact, I'm not convinced that a mall per se can ever be a positive environment for living

Even when it's a 110 degrees outside?

And I like regimented windows. I don't want to have to stand on a box to see out of one room, and get down on all fours to do the same in the next. I like all my doors to be a predictable size too.

Anyway, I've followed your exhortation to think and I shall look out for those dreaded towers popping up everywhere. The four points nearest to me have been demolished in the last year so they must surely be planning to build some more in their place.

In principle, I do get what you're saying though. Let's not fuss and fight.
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
19:52 / 10.04.03
It's not really that important whether you like regimented windows - I don't see many situations where you'd be going from apartment to apartment manically staring out into the world, although if that is something you do, I begin to understand the logic of our discussion. It's strange to me that you're prepared to get peeved about the 'militarism' of buildings harking back to forts and yet are perfectly happy with the idea of buildings constructed to a mathematical/geometrical precision and regularity rarely seen in nature or even human life outside specific shapes of industrial (frequently despotic or totalitarian) architecture.

The consequences of constructing cities along shapes which are convenient for buildings and the philosophy and economics behind them rather than the people who will live in them are almost certainly pretty rocky.

And it makes no difference what the outside temperature is: a mall is not a living space. It's a commercial space which uses the trappings of life to create a superficially friendly buying-space.
 
 
Linus Dunce
20:30 / 10.04.03
OK, tempted as I am to discuss malls and living spaces with you, I really feel I must get something else sorted first:

You're saying that buildings for the new Iraq should eschew "mathematical/geometrical precision." Is that correct?
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
06:45 / 11.04.03
Oh, please. Tell me you're not about to object that a building not constructed along mathematical/geomtrical lines would be poorly built and likely to collapse.

We're talking about an aesthetic, remember? Of course you have to build according to the demands of physics. That doesn't mean that the shapes of buildings have to be regular, repetitive patterns like the ones in my geometry textbook from when I was nine.
 
 
grant
15:55 / 11.04.03
My friend Jim found this photo:



He's convinced it's evidence that Saddam Hussein hired the set designers from the movie Dune to build one of his palaces.
 
 
Linus Dunce
19:18 / 11.04.03
Oh, please. Tell me you're not about to object that a building not constructed along mathematical/geomtrical lines would be poorly built and likely to collapse.
We're talking about an aesthetic, remember?


No, sorry to disappoint you but I promise I had no intention of following that line of argument ...







Laters, habibi!
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
21:23 / 11.04.03
So forts are okay now? When did that happen?

I'd say that first building makes my point fairly well, actually - it isn't constructed to a human scale at all. It's about emphasising the dominance of the person living there - this person is a nation, an institution.

Al-Mustansiriya University - your second example - is unquestionably a regular, geometric construction. I'd be interested to know when that particular structure was built - is that part of the original 13th Century university, or a more recent addition?

I take it you're trying to tell me that the region is full of buildings with obvious mathematical patterns. Obviously so - Islam had a strangle hold on maths for centuries. If you remember, what I wanted to avoid was despotic or totalitarian themes in construction. I attributed the precise mathematical style to profoundly hierarchical social organisation, and though that's a rather large statement, I don't see anything in these images to trouble it.

Once again I should remind you that I am not ordaining how building should be done in Iraq - I'm proposing a set of concerns regarding consequences of differnt types of construction, and hopes for a possible post-Saddam way of living and building.

For interest - this is my favourite of the images on your chosen architectural site:



The decoration is slanted, which ofsets the accuracy of the arch - this is a monument to human aspiration, to worship of perfection, not the thing itself.

The 'sacred geometry' aspect of all this is interesting, and it presents a problem - is the traditional sacred architecture of the region inherently anti-democratic? Probably - most religious architecture is. Not much to be done about it. Although Islamic art (especially miniaturism) eschews the perfect representation - perfection being the province of the divine, and too-perfect images of people exalting humans to the status of gods. Roughly. So Islamic design has a counter theme of representing essence rather than accuracy - possibly a very helpful trait.

AS for that third image, yes, I recognise that, in strict terms, it uses a mathematically familiar shape. I almost mentioned the golden ratio in my last post as a positive, naturalistic shape with an obvious mathematical identity - it's also present in the arches, I think. On the other hand, it's lop-sided. It's imperfect - as is the mosque itself, a human endeavour, not a perfectly-dressed monument to the power of machinic models of work, but a tribute to massive effort and dedication.

I'm not anti-mathematics-in-design. I'm not anti-mechanical. I am, however, against the creation of spaces which derive their identity from the abstract ("expert") systems we generate collectively, their priorities from the machines we deploy and the economic imperatives which are the upshot of both, and their aesthetic from a culture which draws on all of the above. Human spaces have to take their priorities from human dimensions and needs. The result, otherwise, is a population subtly fitted to the needs of the space, and the priorities of those abstracts - be that a dictator's personality cult, the IMF, religion, or anything else.

Here we have a situation where a captive people have been liberated, and an infrastructure both necessary and oppressive has been destroyed. In the short term, as we've said, the need is basic survival. Very soon after, however, choices will have to be made which will, knowingly or not, have a hand in shaping the nature of the society which grows up in Iraq. My only thought was that it would be great if there were on offer a way of making human-friendly, de-centralised and independent towns in which the sundered fabric of Iraqi society might grow. The alternative - which I fear is more likely - is that humanitarian aid and reconstruction will follow the priorities of the western economic need: oil. I have no idea whether we'll see ribbon development along the pipelines or what - I don't know the system. But that would be one of those non-human logics I mentioned earlier, town centres constructed to bear the weight of HGVs, the larger industrial imperative smothering the organic.

We'll see.

I'm away from tomorrow, so I'll have to leave you the field.
 
 
Linus Dunce
22:10 / 11.04.03
I take it you're trying to tell me that the region is full of buildings with obvious mathematical patterns.

You got it.

So, this new, human-based architecture that you're thinking of -- how are you going to enforce it? What happens when a bunch of Iraqis want to get together to worship Allah or attend a concert?
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
07:47 / 12.04.03
I'm supposed to be doing something else...

Where did you get 'enforcement'? How many times do I have to say that I'm not giving orders?

On the other hand, the IMF, the World Bank, the UN and the aid agencies, the corporations (US corporations, so far) will be giving approval for, designing and constructing the new Iraq. Many of those organisations have questionable priorities. I wanted to suggest the equivalent of sending engineers to local areas to learn the indigenous techniques for collecting or drilling for water; involve the Iraqis and offer them (I used the word 'offer', by the way) the materials to construct something with the advantages I'm advocating. I have little doubt that the needs of the oil industry will have a strong role in the reconstruction of Iraq - what I would hope (probably in vain) would be that ideas like the ones I have discussed would moderate the effect of this on human life, so that we preserve a human scale in the face of a possibly overwhelming force. Heavy roads through town squares, yes?

As to what happens about concerts and worship... the first post you tried to trash included the words communal spaces for a new Iraqi Ummah, the Ummah being the community of which every Muslim is a part. Does that answer your question? This was one of my initial criteria.

Before I depart - you wrote: Architects worldwide of the last three decades have drawn upon local traditions for the form and decoration of their work.

That's not nearly enough. 'Decoration' isn't the point; form and function will determined the influence of the new construction. What I advocate is more fundamental. This reconstruction needs to make a space to heal and grow in, not just economically, but socially. It has to respect the individual and the small group, and all the way up the scale it has to emphasise the importance of the human - which has been denied in Iraq for years. From local design to city planning and national infrastructure engineering, the new Iraq will be defined in part by the priorities evidenced by its building and the vested power in the design of the new nation - central or dispersed? Finance and industry over people and education? Democracy or hegemony?

That's it - I'm late. Won't have access for a while so until I get back, we're on a 'you break it, you bought it' basis: you find flaw with what I'm saying, it's your job to fix it.
 
 
bio k9
07:51 / 12.04.03
I was under the impression that the "rebuilding" of Iraq would be limited to construction of roads, bridges and municipal buildings (and maybe some oil pipelines). Am I wrong? Are they planning to build mosques, track housing and football stadiums?
 
 
Linus Dunce
16:10 / 12.04.03
Sorry for bollocking the thread, Turtle. This will be be my last post here in response to Nick.

Nick -- I don't have a problem with what you're saying in principle, it's just when you claim "decoration isn't the point" in Iraqi architecture; when you say regular geometry is unnecessary in the same context; that Iraqis could give up producing oil, practically their only natural resource and certainly their only means of support*; and that the new Iraqi architecture should be individualist when they patently don't have that culture and the chances of it coming about through knocking up a few barbapapa houses are about as likely as western society being changed by old-school modernist piles of blankness (it wasn't in the end) which you claim are still being built ...

Your concerns over Iraq's architectural future seem to me (and that's what counts -- to me) to be merely transferences of your own dissaffection with your own environment -- thus the preoccupation with private spaces, the dislike of heavy vehicles in town centres (only really an issue if car ownership enables you to shop outside your town) and pollution. None of these things are pressing problems outside the west -- they have, do and will have far greater things to worry about.

Having said that, yes, I do hope they spend the extra cash on peripheral roads rather than ploughing through old squares. I hope the Iraqis will continue to be the ones that decide what western companies build for them. And I hope that, unlike us after WWII, they don't throw out the baby with the bathwater and build dull, anodyne crap just to distance themselves from the recent past.

*And the means by which your and your family's food, clothing and building materials arrive at wherever it is you live. Oil is not a luxury unless we in the west are willing to cull a few million of ourselves. Iraqis are not the ones who need to be weaned off it.
 
 
We're The Great Old Ones Now
11:45 / 13.04.03
You are sent to try me. I didn't say decoration wasn't important 'in Irqi architecture' - I said that decoration isn't enough to alter the impact of design. It's a start - but if a twon is designed for trucks not people, that will affect the society which develops there.

I never said the Iraqis should give up producing oil - in fact, I actually said they should continue. I did say the reconstruction of Iraq should not produce an infrastructure for oil over people.

I've already responded to this nonsense about geometry. There are some problems with what I'm saying and if you actually read my posts and responded to what I do say, we might have a worthwhile discussion.

This one is over.
 
  
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